{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:19:07Z","timestamp":1790810347246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019580","name":"Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-00,608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-00,608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T15:56:55Z","timestamp":1673884615000},"page":"161555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Water-related conflict and cooperation events worldwide: A new dataset on historical and change trends with potential drivers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"868","author":[{"given":"Elisie","family":"K\u00e5resdotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustav","family":"Skoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haozhi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2018.12.003","article-title":"Climate, conflict and forced migration","volume":"54","author":"Abel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0068-2","article-title":"Sampling bias in climate\u2013conflict research","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-31.3.236","article-title":"Avoiding conflicts over Africa\u2019s water resources","volume":"31","author":"Ashton","year":"2002","journal-title":"AMBIO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0020","series-title":"Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS)","article-title":"ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1950 to 1978 (preliminary version)","author":"Bell","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343311427343","article-title":"Does climate change drive land-use conflicts in the Sahel?","volume":"49","author":"Benjaminsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Peace Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102423","article-title":"Projecting long-term armed conflict risk: an underappreciated field of inquiry?","volume":"72","author":"de Bruin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-080614-115430","article-title":"Climate and conflict","volume":"7","author":"Burke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envdev.2013.03.007","article-title":"Using the K\u00f6ppen classification to quantify climate variation and change: an example for 1901\u20132010","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1029\/2019EF001247","article-title":"Future hot and dry years worsen Nile Basin water scarcity despite projected precipitation increases","volume":"7","author":"Coffel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0045","unstructured":"Di Liberto, T., 2016. A Not So Rainy Season: Drought in Southern Africa in January 2016 [WWW Document]. NOAA Climate.gov. URL http:\/\/www.climate.gov\/news-features\/event-tracker\/not-so-rainy-season-drought-southern-africa-january-2016 (accessed 10.4.22)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0050","series-title":"Copernicus DEM","author":"European Space Agency and Airbus","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0055","series-title":"Illustrating the extent and severity of the 2016\/17 Horn of Africa drought, East Africa Special Report","author":"Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), P","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0060","series-title":"Minding the Gap: African Conflict Management in a Time of Change. Center for International Governance Innovation","first-page":"22","article-title":"Understanding the nature and origins of violent conflict in Africa","author":"Gilpin","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0065","series-title":"International Security","first-page":"79","article-title":"Water and conflict: fresh water resources and international security","volume":"vol. 18","author":"Gleick","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0070","series-title":"Water, Security, and Conflict (Issue Brief)","author":"Gleick","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0075","series-title":"Global and Regional Assessments of Unsustainable Groundwater Use in Irrigated Agriculture (Doctoral Dissertations)","author":"Grogan","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0080","series-title":"WBM: A Scalable Gridded Global Hydrologic Model with Water Tracking Functionality","author":"Grogan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-013-0478-x","article-title":"Water conflict risk due to water resource availability and unequal distribution","volume":"28","author":"Gunasekara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/isq\/sqaa094","article-title":"Can we predict armed conflict? How the first 9 years of published forecasts stand up to reality","volume":"65","author":"Hegre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Stud. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2005.11.001","article-title":"Conflict management of riparian disputes","volume":"25","author":"Hensel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polit. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0100","series-title":"Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS)","article-title":"ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to present","author":"Hersbach","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0105","series-title":"The Water Connection: Irrigation and Politics in Southern Morocco","first-page":"21","volume":"5","author":"Houdret","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316006111","article-title":"Reconciling disagreement over climate\u2013conflict results in Africa","volume":"111","author":"Hsiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/isr\/viy014","article-title":"The impact of environmental cooperation on peacemaking: definitions, mechanisms, and empirical evidence","volume":"21","author":"Ide","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Stud. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343320910777","article-title":"Pathways to water conflict during drought in the MENA region","volume":"58","author":"Ide","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Peace Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/10130950.2014.939837","article-title":"Women, climate change and environmentally-induced conflicts in Africa","volume":"28","author":"Jaggernath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agenda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0130","series-title":"Trans. in GIS","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Modeling global Hammond landform regions from 250-m elevation data","volume":"vol. 21","author":"Karagulle","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2022EF002848","article-title":"Distinguishing direct human-driven effects on the global terrestrial water cycle","volume":"10","author":"K\u00e5resdotter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421533112","article-title":"Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought","volume":"112","author":"Kelley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2015.1129604","article-title":"Identifying the potential of governance regimes to aggravate or mitigate local water conflicts in regions threatened by climate change","volume":"21","author":"Kuzdas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0150","unstructured":"Latitude.to, n.d. Find GPS Coordinates for Any Address or Location. [WWW Document]. URL http:\/\/latitude.to\/ (accessed 7.4.22)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1659\/0276-4741(2005)025[0163:AAMSTM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Assessing and managing scarce tropical mountain water resources: the case of Mount Kenya and the semiarid upper Ewaso Ng\u2019iro Basin","volume":"25","author":"Liniger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2020EF001532","article-title":"Directions for research on climate and conflict","volume":"8","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343308096157","article-title":"Blood and soil? Resource scarcity and internal armed conflict revisited","volume":"45","author":"Magnus Theisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Peace Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0170","series-title":"International Cooperation in Cold War Europe: The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 1947-1964","author":"Manager","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1086\/421174","article-title":"Economic shocks and civil conflict: an instrumental variables approach","volume":"112","author":"Miguel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0180","series-title":"Damming the Commons: An Empirical Analysis of International Cooperation and Conflict in Dam Location","author":"Olmstead","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0185","author":"Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2007.06.005","article-title":"Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict","volume":"26","author":"Raleigh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polit. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914829117","article-title":"Climate change and the opportunity cost of conflict","volume":"117","author":"Roche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.007","article-title":"Climate shocks and political violence","volume":"28","author":"Salehyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-010-0175-8","article-title":"Climate and conflicts: the security risks of global warming","volume":"11","author":"Scheffran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343320973738","article-title":"Climate bones of contention: how climate variability influences territorial, maritime, and river interstate conflicts","volume":"58","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Peace Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/09692290.2018.1511449","article-title":"Internationalizing the political economy of hydroelectricity: security, development and sustainability in hydropower states","volume":"26","author":"Sovacool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Int. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060508691868","article-title":"Influence of hydroclimatology and socioeconomic conditions on water-related international relations","volume":"30","author":"Stahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2011.577037","article-title":"Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: changing geo-politics and changing climate","volume":"56","author":"Swain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hydrol. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343311425842","article-title":"Climate clashes? Weather variability, land pressure, and organized violence in Kenya, 1989\u20132004","volume":"49","author":"Theisen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Peace Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0235","author":"Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0240","unstructured":"UN Statistics Division, n.d. Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (M49) - Geographic Regions [WWW Document]. URL https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/ (accessed 7.4.22)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0245","series-title":"Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (No. A\/RES\/70\/1)","author":"United Nations (UN)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1659\/0276-4741(2004)024[0060:RCACRI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Resource conflicts and conflict resolution in Nepal","volume":"24","author":"Upreti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1029\/GB003i003p00241","article-title":"Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: an application to South America","volume":"3","author":"V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty","year":"1989","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002714530431","article-title":"On the accuracy of media-based conflict event data","volume":"59","author":"Weidmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Confl. Resolut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-14-1-2010","article-title":"Reconstructing 20th century global hydrography: a contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network- Hydrology (GTN-H)","volume":"14","author":"Wisser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.32.041006.101434","article-title":"Shared waters: conflict and cooperation","volume":"32","author":"Wolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2166\/wp.2003.0002","article-title":"International waters: identifying basins at risk","volume":"5","author":"Wolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-491-2018","article-title":"Brief communication: drought likelihood for East Africa","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0285","series-title":"Chapter 2 Basins at Risk: Water Event Database Methodolgy","first-page":"36","author":"Yoffe","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2003WR002530","article-title":"Geography of international water conflict and cooperation: data sets and applications: GEOGRAPHY OF WATER CONFLICT AND COOPERATION","volume":"40","author":"Yoffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060.2019.1607479","article-title":"Analysis for water conflict transformation","volume":"45","author":"Zeitoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Int."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723001705?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723001705?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T19:15:41Z","timestamp":1738610141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723001705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0048969723001705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Water-related conflict and cooperation events worldwide: A new dataset on historical and change trends with potential drivers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161555","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"161555"}}