{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:07:32Z","timestamp":1789924052265,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T10:29:35Z","timestamp":1673605775000},"page":"161592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Field experiments to assess the remediation efficiency of metal-contaminated soil by flushing with ferric chloride followed by applying amendments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"868","author":[{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi-Tang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.015","article-title":"Chelant-enhanced washing of CCA-contaminated soil: coupled with selective dissolution or soil stabilization","volume":"612","author":"Beiyuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.11.007","article-title":"Soil washing optimization by means of attributive analysis: case study for the removal of potentially toxic elements from soil contaminated with pyrite ash","volume":"142","author":"Boente","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0015","series-title":"National Standards for Food Hygiene (VI) (in Chinese)","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.10.007","article-title":"Exoenzyme activity in contaminatedsoils beforeandaftersoil washing: \u00df-glucosidaseactivity as a biological indicator of soil health","volume":"135","author":"Chae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2016.04.015","article-title":"Release of Pb in soils washed with various extractants","volume":"275","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0030","series-title":"Soil Quality---Extraction of Trace Elements From Soil Using Ammonium Nitrate Solution","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0035","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2013.11.011","article-title":"Spatial distribution of metal contamination before and after remediation in the Meza Valley, Slovenia","volume":"217\u2013218","author":"Finzgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.157","article-title":"Source quantification and potential risk of mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium in farmland soils of Yellow River Delta","volume":"221","author":"Gan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.01.078","article-title":"Extraction of hazardous metals from green liquor dregs by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid","volume":"212","author":"Golmaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2005.10.017","article-title":"Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud","volume":"142","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.144","article-title":"Mixed chelators of EDTA, GLDA, and citric acid as washing agent effectively remove Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu from soils","volume":"209","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.087","article-title":"Effect of soil washing with only chelators or combining with ferric chloride on soil heavy metal removal and phytoavailability: field experiments","volume":"147","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2011.0371","article-title":"Effect of soil washing and liming on bioavailability of heavy metals in acid contaminated soil","volume":"77","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.10.065","article-title":"Effects of cement of lime on Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn mobility in field-contaminated and aged soils","volume":"199\u2013200","author":"Hale","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.08.081","article-title":"Assessment of EDTA heap leaching of an agricultural soil highly contaminated with heavy metals","volume":"117","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.10.027","article-title":"Functioning of metal contaminated garden soil after remediation","volume":"174","author":"Jelusic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.12.047","article-title":"Remediation and reclamation of soils heavily contaminated with toxic metals as a substrate for greening with ornamental plants and grasses","volume":"138","author":"Jelusic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2014.09.068","article-title":"Revitalization of EDTA-remediated soil by fertilization and soil amendments","volume":"73","author":"Jelusic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.111","article-title":"Effect of EDTA washing of metal polluted garden soil. Part \u0399\u0399: can remediated soil be used as a plant substrate?","volume":"475","author":"Jelusic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1021\/es0200793","article-title":"Induced phytoextraction\/soil washing of lead using biodegradable chelate and permeable barriers","volume":"37","author":"Kos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0115","series-title":"Analytical Methods of Soil Agro-chemistry (in Chinese)","author":"Lu","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.12.023","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil: a review","volume":"126","author":"Mahar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2016.01.006","article-title":"A practical soil washing method for use in a Cd-contaminated paddy field, with simple on-site wastewater treatment","volume":"270","author":"Makino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.08.037","article-title":"Remediation of cadmium-contamination in paddy soils by washing with CaCl2: verification of on-site washing","volume":"147","author":"Makino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.1021\/es025683s","article-title":"Environmental chemistry of aminopolycarboxylate chelating agents","volume":"36","author":"Nowack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1996.0011","article-title":"Adsorption of EDTA and metal-EDTA complexes onto goethite","volume":"177","author":"Nowack","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129205","article-title":"Soil heavy metal pollution and food safety in China: effects, sources and removing technology","volume":"267","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2017.06.010","article-title":"Extractive decontamination of cesium containing soil using a biodegradable aminopolycarboxylate chelator","volume":"134","author":"Sawai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.05.081","article-title":"Effects of inorganic and organic amendments on the uptake of lead and trace elements by Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic red soil","volume":"119","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50043a017","article-title":"Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals","volume":"51","author":"Tessier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.155","article-title":"Heavy metal removal by GLDA washing: optimization, redistribution, recycling, and changes in soil fertility","volume":"569\u2013570","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.01.019","article-title":"Effect of soil washing with biodegradable chelators on the toxicity of residual metals and soil biological properties","volume":"625","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.225","article-title":"Feasibility of Chinese cabbage (Brassica bara) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivation in heavily metals-contaminated soil after washing with biodegradable chelators","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0175","first-page":"407","article-title":"Remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils by combined technology of chemical washing and fixation in deep soil layer","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2010.525554","article-title":"Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil by co-cropping with chelator application and assessment of associated leaching risk","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.11.021","article-title":"Cadmium availability in rice paddy fields from a mining area: the effects of soil properties highlighting iron fractions and pH value","volume":"209","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0190","first-page":"577","article-title":"Remediation of a metal-contaminated soil by chemical washing and repeated phytoextraction: a field experiment","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.08.087","article-title":"Influence of EDTA washing on the species and mobility of heavy metals residual in soils","volume":"173","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1021\/es5047099","article-title":"Soil contamination in China: current status and mitigation strategies","volume":"49","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.11.027","article-title":"Soil physical characteristics after EDTA washing and amendment with inorganic and organic additives","volume":"186","author":"Zupanc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723002073?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723002073?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T19:16:13Z","timestamp":1738610173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723002073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0048969723002073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Field experiments to assess the remediation efficiency of metal-contaminated soil by flushing with ferric chloride followed by applying amendments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161592","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"161592"}}