{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:41:21Z","timestamp":1792460481749,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T15:55:03Z","timestamp":1676390103000},"page":"162237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Potential to reduce pesticides in intensive apple production through management practices could be challenged by climatic extremes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"872","author":[{"given":"Johann G.","family":"Zaller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wildenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Burtscher-Schaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Formayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-012-0124-7","article-title":"Life cycle analysis reveals higher agroecological benefits of organic and low-input apple production","volume":"33","author":"Alaphilippe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(03)00089-8","article-title":"Soil fertility management and insect pests: harmonizing soil and plant health in agroecosystems","volume":"72","author":"Altieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-204X2008000300007","article-title":"Yield and fruit quality of apple from conventional and organic production systems","volume":"43","author":"Amarante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pesq. Agrop. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0020","series-title":"European Statistics Handbook 2021. Agrar Markt Informations GmbH, Germany","author":"AMI","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.04.004","article-title":"Alternatives to herbicides in an apple orchard, effects on yield, earthworms and plant diversity","volume":"172","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0030","first-page":"48","article-title":"Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in der Schweiz von 2009 bis 2012","volume":"6","author":"de Baan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agrarforschung Schweiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0035","author":"BAES"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0040","series-title":"Pestizideinsatz im Apfelanbau. Auswertung der Pestizideinsatzdaten von Apfelbau-Betrieben aus dem Vinschgau","author":"Baumert","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072587","article-title":"Comparative toxicities and synergism of apple orchard pesticides to Apis mellifera (L.) and Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski)","volume":"8","author":"Biddinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2008.772.75","article-title":"Perspectives of fruit research and apple orchard management in Germany in a changing climate","author":"Blanke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0055","series-title":"Kulturtechnik Apfel","author":"BLE","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0060","author":"BMLFUW"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0065","first-page":"129","article-title":"Aphids and insecticidal treatments on apple. I. - Factors concerning the build-up of populations of aphids on apple","volume":"4","author":"Bonnemaison","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Zool. Ecol. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09583150310001606570","article-title":"Towards insecticide free apple orchards: flowering plants to attract beneficial arthropods","volume":"14","author":"Bostanian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2019.00177","article-title":"Biodiversity decline as a consequence of an inappropriate environmental risk assessment of pesticides","volume":"7","author":"Br\u00fchl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07251","article-title":"Trends of total applied pesticide toxicity in German agriculture","volume":"57","author":"Bub","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10120753","article-title":"Toxicological comparison of pesticide active substances approved for conventional vs.organic agriculture in Europe","volume":"10","author":"Burtscher-Schaden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2019.03.011","article-title":"Perennial flower strips for pest control in organic apple orchards - a pan-European study","volume":"278","author":"Cahenzli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.128179","article-title":"Pesticide overuse in apple production and its socioeconomic determinants: evidence from Shaanxi and Shandong provinces,China","volume":"315","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45315-8","article-title":"Experimental and empirical evidence shows that reducing weed control in winter cereal fields is a viable strategy for farmers","volume":"9","author":"Catarino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12060879","article-title":"Pesticide use and associated greenhouse gas emissions in sugar beet, apples, and viticulture in Austria from 2000 to 2019","volume":"12","author":"Cech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-022-00622-2","article-title":"Reducing overall herbicide use may reduce risks to humans but increase toxic loads to honeybees, earthworms and birds","volume":"34","author":"Cech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158814","article-title":"Pesticide drift mitigation measures appear to reduce contamination of non-agricultural areas, but hazards to humans and the environment remain","volume":"854","author":"Cech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.3436","article-title":"Pesticide hazard trends in orchard fruit production in Great Britain from 1992 to 2008: a time-series analysis","volume":"69","author":"Cross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64806-7","article-title":"The effects of extreme weather on apple quality","volume":"10","author":"Dalhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0130","series-title":"The Akaike Information Criterion: Learn about the AIC and How to Use It","author":"Date","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat3466","article-title":"Increase in crop losses to insect pests in a warming climate","volume":"361","author":"Deutsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9448","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6418-6","article-title":"From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system","volume":"23","author":"Dhouib","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220029","article-title":"An assessment of acute insecticide toxicity loading (AITL) of chemical pesticides used on agricultural land in the United States","volume":"14","author":"DiBartolomeis","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.697864","article-title":"A comparison of flower and grass strips for augmentation of beneficial arthropods in apple orchards","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0155","series-title":"Communication From the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Commitee and the Commitee of the Regions - A Farm to Fork Strategy for a Fair, Healthy and Environmentally-friendly Food System. COM(2020) 381 Final","author":"EC","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0160","series-title":"The apple market in the EU: Vol. 1: production, areas and yields","author":"EC","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0165","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation (EC) No 1107\/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79\/117\/EEC and 91\/414\/EEC","volume":"309","author":"EP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0170","series-title":"Eurostat - Data Explorer","author":"Eurostat","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.10.3.589","article-title":"Influence of nitrogen and rootstock on tree growth, precocity, fruit quality, leaf mineral nutrients, and fire blight in `Scarlet Gala' apple","volume":"10","author":"Fallahi","year":"2000","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0180","series-title":"A Scheme and Training Manual of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Fruits and Vegetables","author":"FAO","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0185","series-title":"Apple Production by Area Worldwide","author":"FAOSTAT","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0190","author":"FAOSTAT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0195","series-title":"Empfohlene Biokernobstsorten","author":"Friedli","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30112","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30112","article-title":"Herbicides do not ensure for higher wheat yield, but eliminate rare plant species","volume":"6","author":"Gaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2011.03.014","article-title":"The effects of farming system and fertilisers on pests and natural enemies: a synthesis of current research","volume":"141","author":"Garratt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.10.032","article-title":"Avoiding a bad apple: insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value","volume":"184","author":"Garratt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0215","first-page":"846E","article-title":"Collection of pesticide application data in view of performing environmental risk assessments for pesticides","volume":"12","author":"Garthwaite","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Support.Publ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0220","first-page":"12","article-title":"Herausforderungen der r\u00fcckstandsfreien A\u00adpfelproduktion","volume":"6","author":"G\u00f6lles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agrarforschung Schweiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.05.025","article-title":"Effect of leaf litter management on scab development in an organic apple orchard","volume":"118","author":"Gomez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2013.03.007","article-title":"Flowers promote aphid suppression in apple orchards","volume":"66","author":"Gontijo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12717","article-title":"Predicting the phenology of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, for sustainable pest management in Swiss apple orchards","volume":"166","author":"Graf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1890\/02-3114","article-title":"Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression","volume":"84","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0245","first-page":"197","article-title":"Productivity, economics, and fruit and soil quality of weed management systems in commercial organic orchards in Washington State, USA","volume":"4","author":"Granatstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114589","article-title":"Pollinator exposure to systemic insecticides and fungicides applied in the previous fall and pre-bloom period in apple orchards","volume":"265","author":"Heller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10080247","article-title":"Managing floral resources in apple orchards for pest control: ideas, experiences and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Herz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-008-0304-4","article-title":"Orchard floor management effects on nitrogen fertility and soil biological activity in a newly established organic apple orchard","volume":"45","author":"Hoagland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0265","article-title":"Effects of halving pesticide use on wheat production","volume":"4","author":"Hossard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0270","series-title":"Climate Change 2014 - Synthesis Report: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","first-page":"151","author":"IPCC","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0275","author":"ISTAT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2021.107423","article-title":"Non-insecticide pesticide impacts on bees: a review of methods and reported outcomes","volume":"314","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-72-1073","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing pseudothecial development and ascospre maturation of Venturia inaequalis","volume":"72","author":"James","year":"1982","journal-title":"Phytopatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0290","author":"JKI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3346-x","article-title":"Cancer risks in a population-based study of 70,570 agricultural workers: results from the Canadian census health and Environment cohort (CanCHEC)","volume":"17","author":"Kachuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11040340","article-title":"Effect of organic and chemical fertilizer application on apple nutrient content and orchard soil condition","volume":"11","author":"Kai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.12497","article-title":"Spread of Xanthomonas fragariae in strawberry fields by machinery","volume":"48","author":"Kastelein","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPPO Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FRES.0000048480.24274.0f","article-title":"Agricultural activities and the global carbon cycle","volume":"70","author":"Lal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620674114","article-title":"Identifying the landscape drivers of agricultural insecticide use leveraging evidence from 100,000 fields","volume":"114","author":"Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2017.8","article-title":"Reducing pesticide use while preserving crop productivity and profitability on arable farms","volume":"3","author":"Lechenet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat.Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2013.06.003","article-title":"Economic gain, stability of pollination and bee diversity decrease from southern to northern Europe","volume":"14","author":"Leonhardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic Appl.Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2015.1133242","article-title":"An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0335","author":"LfL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-019-0206-0","article-title":"Pesticide contamination and associated risk factors at public playgrounds near intensively managed apple and wine orchards","volume":"31","author":"Linhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-020-00446-y","article-title":"Year-round pesticide contamination of public sites near intensively managed agricultural areas in South Tyrol","volume":"33","author":"Linhart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0350","author":"LK\u00d6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2020.103494","article-title":"Systemic and non-systemic pesticides in apples from Kazakhstan and their impact on human health","volume":"90","author":"\u0141ozowicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-015-0282-5","article-title":"Impact of crop protection strategies on natural enemies in organic apple production","volume":"35","author":"Marliac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0365","series-title":"Herbicides: Chemistry, Efficacy, Toxicology, and Environmental Impacts","first-page":"87","article-title":"Coformulants in commercial herbicides","author":"Mesnage","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01574-1","article-title":"Improving pesticide-use data for the EU","volume":"5","author":"Mesnage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat.Ecol.Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10101492","article-title":"Integrated weed management in high density fruit orchards","volume":"10","author":"Mia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0380","article-title":"Extreme heat reduces insecticide use under real field conditions","volume":"819","author":"M\u00f6hring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae4040042","article-title":"Farmers' knowledge, perception and practices in apple pest management and climate change in the Fes-Meknes Region, Morocco","volume":"4","author":"Moinina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2011.10.012","article-title":"Predation of codling moth eggs is affected by pest management practices at orchard and landscape levels","volume":"166","author":"Monteiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2034-8","article-title":"Suitable orchard floor management strategies in organic apple orchards that augment soil organic matter and maintain tree performance","volume":"378","author":"Neilsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0400","author":"Neumeister"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2019.03.005","article-title":"Design, implementation and management of perennial flower strips to promote functional agrobiodiversity in organic apple orchards: a pan-European study","volume":"278","author":"Pfiffner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13247","article-title":"Organic management in apple orchards: higher impacts on biological control than on pollination","volume":"55","author":"Porcel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0415","series-title":"Klimaatlas Steiermark Periode 1971-2000. Eine anwenderorientierte Klimatographie Studien zum Klimawandel in \u00d6sterreich","author":"Prettenthaler","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0420","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/35073574","article-title":"Sustainability of three apple production systems","volume":"410","author":"Reganold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0430","first-page":"85","article-title":"Erhebungen zur Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln im Apfelanbau","volume":"67","author":"Ro\u00dfberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Kult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0435","author":"Ruhnau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094482","article-title":"Pesticide residues and bees \u2013 a risk assessment","volume":"9","author":"Sanchez-Bayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158618","article-title":"Combining costs and benefits of animal activities to assess net yield outcomes in apple orchards","volume":"11","author":"Saunders","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0450","series-title":"ggobi\/ggally: v2.1.1","author":"Schloerke","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/agrochemicals2010001","article-title":"Glyphosate effects on earthworms: active ingredients vs. commercial herbicides at different temperature and soil organic matter levels","volume":"2","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agrochemicals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0460","author":"Shahbandeh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1485-1","article-title":"Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl.Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-011-0003-7","article-title":"Pesticide use in current and innovative apple orchard systems","volume":"31","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0475","series-title":"Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","article-title":"Agriculture","author":"Smith","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161383","article-title":"Neonicotinoid insecticides in global agricultural surface waters \u2013 exposure, risks and regulatory challenges","volume":"867","author":"Stehle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116953","article-title":"Effects of glyphosate spray-drift on plant flowering","volume":"280","author":"Strandberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1970","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0495","article-title":"\u2018Inert\u2019 ingredients are understudied, potentially dangerous to bees and deserve more research attention","volume":"289","author":"Straw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/02331930701618740","article-title":"New approaches to regression by generalized additive models and continuous optimization for modern applications in finance, science and technology","volume":"56","author":"Taylan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optimization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156857","article-title":"Lethal, sublethal, and combined effects of pesticides on bees: a meta-analysis and new risk assessment tools","volume":"844","author":"Tosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4572","article-title":"The impact of pesticides on flower-visiting insects: a review with regard to European risk assessment","volume":"38","author":"Uhl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12014","article-title":"Fertilization affects severity of disease caused by fungal plant pathogens","volume":"62","author":"Veresoglou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0520","series-title":"Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x","article-title":"Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0530","series-title":"World Reference Base for Soil Resources. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps","author":"WRB","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0535","series-title":"Environmental Stress Management","author":"WSU","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0540","article-title":"Research on apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) at East Malling Research","volume":"119","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asp. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10341-015-0242-x","article-title":"Economic analysis of pesticides applications in apple orchards in West Mediterranean region of Turkey","volume":"57","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Erwerbs-Obstbau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0550","series-title":"Daily Poison. Pesticides - An Underestimated Danger","author":"Zaller","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156012","article-title":"Pesticides in ambient air, influenced by surrounding land use and weather, pose a potential threat to biodiversity and human","volume":"838","author":"Zaller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160643","article-title":"Unexpected air pollutants with potential human health hazards: nitrification inhibitors, biocides, and persistent organic substances","volume":"862","author":"Zaller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0565","series-title":"Managing and Analyzing Pesticide Use Data for Pest Management, Environmental Monitoring, Public Health, and Public Policy","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0570","first-page":"582","article-title":"Effects of spraying pesticide and grass management on arthropod community and relative stability in the apple orchard","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.Fruit Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237_bb0575","series-title":"Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology With R","author":"Zuur","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723008537?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723008537?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1787603976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723008537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S0048969723008537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Potential to reduce pesticides in intensive apple production through management practices could be challenged by climatic extremes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162237","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"162237"}}