{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:17:02Z","timestamp":1791775022548,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T19:03:49Z","timestamp":1683399829000},"page":"163923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A green approach of biochar-supported magnetic nanocomposites from white tea waste: Production, characterization and plausible synthesis mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"886","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Febelyn","family":"Reguyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Praneeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit K.","family":"Sarmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040965","article-title":"The role of catechins in cellular responses to oxidative stress","volume":"23","author":"Bernatoniene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1021\/acsengineeringau.2c00012","article-title":"Characterization of ashes from co-firing biochar with coal under pulverized-fuel conditions","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Eng. Au"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119418900.ch4","article-title":"Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and its reaction mechanisms","author":"Chokkareddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Green Metal Nanopart."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2016\/v9i42\/89790","article-title":"Tea waste management: a case study from West Bengal,India","volume":"9","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"White tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)): antioxidant properties and beneficial health effects","volume":"04","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8188-6","article-title":"Adsorption of metribuzin from aqueous solution using magnetic and nonmagnetic sustainable low-cost biochar adsorbents","volume":"24","author":"Essandoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125530","article-title":"Current understanding in conversion and application of tea waste biomass: a review","volume":"338","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.10.009","article-title":"Batch and column sorption of arsenic onto iron-impregnated biochar synthesized through hydrolysis","volume":"68","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.04.037","article-title":"Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: comparative study of the reactivity","volume":"130","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol.Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-018-2425-1","article-title":"Fenton-reaction-derived Fe\/N-doped graphene with encapsulated Fe3C nanoparticles for efficient photo-Fenton catalysis","volume":"148","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catal. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/743\/1\/012036","article-title":"Production of iron oxide nanoparticles by co-precipitation method with optimization studies of processing temperature, pH and stirring rate","volume":"743","author":"Hui","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aa892f","article-title":"Greener synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using green tea extract and their magnetic properties","volume":"4","author":"Karade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10482-z","article-title":"Magnetic nanoparticles incorporation into different substrates for dyes and heavy metals removal\u2014areview","volume":"27","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2019-0055","article-title":"Optimization of reaction parameters for the green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles using pine tree needles","volume":"8","author":"Kheshtzar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Process. Synth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.09.064","article-title":"Green and facile synthesis of Ag\u2013Fe3O4 nanocomposites using the aqueous extract of Crataegus pinnatifida leaves and their antibacterial performance","volume":"162","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.11.092","article-title":"Characterization and reactivity of iron based nanoparticles synthesized by tea extracts under various atmospheres","volume":"169","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.01.045","article-title":"Adsorption and reductive degradation of Cr(VI) and TCE by a simply synthesized zero valent iron magnetic biochar","volume":"235","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18077533","article-title":"Synthesis, surface modification and characterisation of biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"18","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2009.05.020","article-title":"Studies of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate in tri(ethylene glycol)","volume":"321","author":"Maity","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.32607\/20758251-2014-6-1-35-44","article-title":"\u201cGreen\u201d nanotechnologies: synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants","volume":"6","author":"Makarov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2020.103741","article-title":"Field-scale demonstration of in situ immobilization of heavy metals by injecting iron oxide nanoparticle adsorption barriers in groundwater","volume":"237","author":"Mohammadian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.09.057","article-title":"Cadmium and lead remediation using magnetic oak wood and oak bark fast pyrolysis bio-chars","volume":"236","author":"Mohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127509","article-title":"Green synthesis and environmental application of iron-based nanomaterials and nanocomposite: a review","volume":"259","author":"Mondal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0125","first-page":"14","article-title":"Treatment of olive mill based wastewater by means of magnetic nanoparticles: decolourization, dephenolization and COD removal","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Nassar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Nanotechnol.Monit. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1021\/la103190n","article-title":"Biosynthesis of iron and silver nanoparticles at room temperature using aqueous sorghum bran extracts","volume":"27","author":"Njagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0135","series-title":"Investigation of Iron Reduction by Green Tea Polyphenols for Application in Soil Remediation Application in Soil Remediation","author":"Oakes","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.12.087","article-title":"Abatement of cadmium (Cd) contamination in sediment using tea waste biochar through meso-microcosm study","volume":"212","author":"Pal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136433","article-title":"Evaluation of change in biochar properties derived from different feedstock and pyrolysis temperature for environmental and agricultural application","volume":"713","author":"Pariyar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0155","first-page":"1","article-title":"Celosia argentea leaf extract - mediated green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles for bio - applications","author":"Parvathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanostruct. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124471","article-title":"Contribution of different iron species in the iron-biochar composites to sorption and degradation of two dyes with varying properties","volume":"389","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.05.029","article-title":"Pyrolysis condition affected sulfamethazine sorption by tea waste biochars","volume":"166","author":"Rajapaksha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-018-4054-4","article-title":"Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance of Fe3O4 nanopyramids for water splitting and dye degradation","volume":"22","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.09.076","article-title":"Site energy distribution analysis and influence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on sulfamethoxazole sorption in aqueous solution by magnetic pine sawdust biochar","volume":"233","author":"Reguyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769509145649","article-title":"The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids","volume":"22","author":"Rice-evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.05.103","article-title":"Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application as a Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of aqueous cationic and anionic dyes","volume":"172","author":"Shahwan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2009.05.020","article-title":"Preparation and application of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for wastewater purification","volume":"68","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.04.093","article-title":"Biochar-based nano-composites for the decontamination of wastewater: a review","volume":"212","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.124323","article-title":"Structural characterization of green synthesized magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4 NPs@ME","volume":"262","author":"Vinayagam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114157","article-title":"Simultaneous removal of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from soil by iron-modified magnetic biochar","volume":"261","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2010.05.010","article-title":"Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterial as a novel adsorbent for aqueous heavy metals removal","volume":"349","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.07.006","article-title":"Green synthesized iron nanoparticles by green tea and eucalyptus leaves extracts used for removal of nitrate in aqueous solution","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2016.12.090","article-title":"Biosynthesized iron nanoparticles in aqueous extracts of Eichhornia crassipes and its mechanism in the hexavalent chromium removal","volume":"399","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.02.049","article-title":"Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics of biochars derived from different feedstocks: a case study on ammonium adsorption capacity","volume":"87","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials","volume":"254","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12040","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03743","article-title":"Mercury removal by magnetic biochar derived from simultaneous activation and magnetization of sawdust","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.122842","article-title":"Magnetic activated biochar nanocomposites derived from wakame and its application in methylene blue adsorption","volume":"302","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.11.018","article-title":"The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures","volume":"102","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.11.132","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetic biochar for arsenic removal","volume":"130","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122011","article-title":"Green preparation of magnetic biochar for the effective accumulation of Pb(II): performance and mechanism","volume":"375","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723025445?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723025445?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:09:43Z","timestamp":1788149383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723025445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0048969723025445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A green approach of biochar-supported magnetic nanocomposites from white tea waste: Production, characterization and plausible synthesis mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163923","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"163923"}}