{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T21:24:41Z","timestamp":1786915481016,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R6011-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R6011-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["639-2013-6917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["639-2013-6917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T11:56:34Z","timestamp":1688644594000},"page":"165351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Concurrent measurements of nitrate at urban and suburban sites identify local nitrate formation as a driver for urban episodic PM2.5 pollution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"897","author":[{"given":"Jinjian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rico K.Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Hallquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa M.","family":"Hallquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.K.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy C.H.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis K.H.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Zhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10435","DOI":"10.1021\/jp062403c","article-title":"On the reactive uptake of gaseous compounds by organic-coated aqueous aerosols: theoretical analysis and application to the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5","volume":"110","author":"Anttila","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8092","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-2051-9","article-title":"Ammonia in the atmosphere: a review on emission sources, atmospheric chemistry and deposition on terrestrial bodies","volume":"20","author":"Behera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8351","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-8351-2009","article-title":"Toward a general parameterization of N2O5 reactivity on aqueous particles: the competing effects of particle liquid water, nitrate and chloride","volume":"9","author":"Bertram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0020","series-title":"Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies: Evaluation Number 18","author":"Burkholder","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-3893-2017","article-title":"Chromatography related performance of the Monitor for AeRosols and GAses in ambient air (MARGA): laboratory and field-based evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9243","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00972","article-title":"Field determination of nitrate formation pathway in winter Beijing","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152652","article-title":"Molecular and elemental marker-based source apportionment of fine particulate matter at six sites in Hong Kong, China","volume":"813","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10313","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-10313-2016","article-title":"Evaluation of European air quality modelled by CAMx including the volatility basis set scheme","volume":"16","author":"Ciarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-4639-2007","article-title":"ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient thermodynamic equilibrium model for K+\u2013Ca2+\u2013Mg2+\u2013NH4+\u2013Na+\u2013SO42\u2212\u2013NO3\u2212\u2013Cl\u2212\u2013H2O aerosols","volume":"7","author":"Fountoukis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07248","article-title":"Persistent heavy winter nitrate pollution driven by increased photochemical oxidants in northern China","volume":"54","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03745","article-title":"Estimates of health impacts and radiative forcing in winter haze in eastern China through constraints of surface PM2.5 predictions","volume":"51","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.02.009","article-title":"Characterizing the thermodynamic and chemical composition factors controlling PM2.5 nitrate: insights gained from two years of online measurements in Hong Kong","volume":"122","author":"Griffith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025311","article-title":"Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States","volume":"121","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"D7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005459","article-title":"A dynamical ammonia emission parameterization for use in air pollution models","volume":"110","author":"Gyldenk\u00e6rne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nww080","article-title":"Photochemical smog in China: scientific challenges and implications for air-quality policies","volume":"3","author":"Hallquist","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-017-0010-8","article-title":"Urban atmospheric chemistry: a very special case for study","volume":"1","author":"Harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Clim. Atmos. Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10295","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-10295-2012","article-title":"Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States","volume":"12","author":"Heald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116923","article-title":"Implementation of a dynamical NH3 emissions parameterization in CMAQ for improving PM2.5 simulation in Taiwan","volume":"218","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1021\/es030403+","article-title":"Investigation of NH3 emissions from new technology vehicles as a function of vehicle operating conditions","volume":"37","author":"Huai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2010.11.021","article-title":"Evidence of high PM2.5 strong acidity in ammonia-rich atmosphere of Guangzhou, China: transition in pathways of ambient ammonia to form aerosol ammonium at [NH4+]\/[SO42\u2212]=1.5","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0100","article-title":"Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.08.072","article-title":"Evaluation of operational online-coupled regional air quality models over Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII phase 2. Part II: Particulate matter","volume":"115","author":"Im","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL068722","article-title":"Importance of coarse-mode nitrate produced via sea salt as atmospheric input to East Asian oceans","volume":"43","author":"Itahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD021290","article-title":"Fine-scale simulation of ammonium and nitrate over the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California during CalNex-2010","volume":"119","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"D16","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD012809","article-title":"Numerical study on seasonal variations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters in Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta Region","volume":"115","author":"Kwok","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025623","article-title":"Implications of RCP emissions on future PM2.5 air quality and direct radiative forcing over China","volume":"121","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-5293-2018","article-title":"Nitrate-driven urban haze pollution during summertime over the North China Plain","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/9\/6\/064027","article-title":"Emission factor of ammonia (NH3) from on-road vehicles in China: tunnel tests in urban Guangzhou","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8189","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-8189-2019","article-title":"Effects of organic coating on the nitrate formation by suppressing the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis: a case study during wintertime in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH)","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos7080098","article-title":"Source apportionment of sulfate and nitrate over the Pearl River Delta region in China","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10676","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02422","article-title":"Fast photochemistry in wintertime haze: consequences for pollution mitigation strategies","volume":"53","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-007-0210-2","article-title":"Effect of low-sulfur fuels upon NH3 and N2O emission during operation of commercial three-way catalytic converters","volume":"42","author":"Mej\u00eda-Centeno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.02.044","article-title":"Characteristics of aerosol acidity in Hong Kong","volume":"38","author":"Pathak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-1711-2009","article-title":"Summertime PM2.5 ionic species in four major cities of China: nitrate formation in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere","volume":"9","author":"Pathak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.09.003","article-title":"Nighttime enhancement of PM2.5 nitrate in ammonia-poor atmospheric conditions in Beijing and Shanghai: plausible contributions of heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 and HNO3 partitioning","volume":"45","author":"Pathak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-2581-2016","article-title":"Application of an online ion-chromatography-based instrument for gradient flux measurements of speciated nitrogen and sulfur","volume":"9","author":"Rumsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-11041-2011","article-title":"Illustrating the benefit of using hourly monitoring data on secondary inorganic aerosol and its precursors for model evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Schaap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0185","series-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change","author":"Seinfeld","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-117-2013","article-title":"The effect of climate and climate change on ammonia emissions in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Skj\u00f8th","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.050","article-title":"Ammonia exhaust emissions from spark ignition vehicles over the New European Driving Cycle","volume":"97","author":"Suarez-Bertoa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1021\/es051533g","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in haze\u2212fog episodes in Beijing","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027264","article-title":"Key role of nitrate in phase transitions of urban particles: implications of important reactive surfaces for secondary aerosol formation","volume":"123","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140739","article-title":"A chemical cocktail during the COVID-19 outbreak in Beijing, China: insights from six-year aerosol particle composition measurements during the Chinese New Year holiday","volume":"742","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9485","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-9485-2017","article-title":"A review of current knowledge concerning PM2.5 chemical composition, aerosol optical properties and their relationships across China","volume":"17","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"D3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016302","article-title":"Modeling of gas and aerosol with WRF\/Chem over Europe: evaluation and sensitivity study","volume":"117","author":"Tuccella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1021\/j100371a009","article-title":"Temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitrogen oxide (N2O5) by water droplets","volume":"94","author":"Van Doren","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11213","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-11213-2012","article-title":"Simulation of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols over the United States","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9479","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-9479-2012","article-title":"Global simulations of nitrate and ammonium aerosols and their radiative effects","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-5605-2019","article-title":"High efficiency of livestock ammonia emission controls in alleviating particulate nitrate during a severe winter haze episode in northern China","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4888","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD021108","article-title":"Insights into factors affecting nitrate in PM2.5 in a polluted high NOx environment through hourly observations and size distribution measurements","volume":"119","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4539-2022","article-title":"The formation and mitigation of nitrate pollution: comparison between urban and suburban environments","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/0144235X.2014.890786","article-title":"Liquid\u2013liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant particles consisting of organic species and inorganic salts","volume":"33","author":"You","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"D7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004718","article-title":"An assessment of the ability of three-dimensional air quality models with current thermodynamic equilibrium models to predict aerosol NO3\u2212","volume":"110","author":"Yu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17515","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-17515-2018","article-title":"Nitrate formation from heterogeneous uptake of dinitrogen pentoxide during a severe winter haze in southern China","volume":"18","author":"Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116887","article-title":"Improving fine aerosol nitrate predictions using a plume-in-grid modeling approach","volume":"215","author":"Zakoura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12935","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-12935-2015","article-title":"Changes in chemical components of aerosol particles in different haze regions in China from 2006 to 2013 and contribution of meteorological factors","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.06.032","article-title":"Spatial distributions and chemical properties of PM2.5 based on 21 field campaigns at 17 sites in China","volume":"159","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL097393","article-title":"Elevated formation of particulate nitrate from N2O5 hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2019","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50166","article-title":"Constraining US ammonia emissions using TES remote sensing observations and the GEOS-Chem adjoint model","volume":"118","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00186-7","article-title":"Formation of nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate on coarse particles","volume":"33","author":"Zhuang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.10.052","article-title":"Optical properties and radiative forcing of urban aerosols in Nanjing, China","volume":"83","author":"Zhuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723039748?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723039748?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T20:26:27Z","timestamp":1786911987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723039748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0048969723039748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Concurrent measurements of nitrate at urban and suburban sites identify local nitrate formation as a driver for urban episodic PM2.5 pollution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165351","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"165351"}}