{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T20:46:28Z","timestamp":1785703588105,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T02:37:31Z","timestamp":1697251051000},"page":"167781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of wavelength-specific UV sources for various strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"907","author":[{"given":"Yoontaek","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatuwat","family":"Sangsanont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoungmin","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Boczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl G.","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hodon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aba64c","article-title":"The 2020 UV emitter roadmap","volume":"53","author":"Amano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2803.211435","article-title":"Rising incidence of Legionnaires\u2019 disease and associated epidemiologic patterns, United States, 1992\u20132018","volume":"28","author":"Barskey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.024","article-title":"Evaluating UV-C LED disinfection performance and investigating potential dual-wavelength synergy","volume":"109","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04602","article-title":"Wavelength-dependent damage to adenoviral proteins across the germicidal UV Spectrum","volume":"52","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2021.051","article-title":"Comparison of two culture methods for the enumeration of Legionella pneumophila from potable water samples","volume":"19","author":"Boczek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:3(209)","article-title":"Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments","volume":"129","author":"Bolton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng.-Asce"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020352","article-title":"Differences in UV-C LED inactivation of Legionella pneumophila serogroups in drinking water","volume":"10","author":"Buse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0040","article-title":"Legionellosis and recent advances in technologies for Legionella control in premise plumbing systems: a review","volume":"12","author":"Carlson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water-Sui"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0045","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Legionellosis---United States, 2000\u20132009","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0050","series-title":"Nationally Notifiable Diseases","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.09.023","article-title":"Effect of UV irradiation (253.7 nm) on free Legionella and Legionella associated with its amoebae hosts","volume":"67","author":"Cervero-Arago","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134726","article-title":"Effect of common drinking water disinfectants, chlorine and heat, on free Legionella and amoebae-associated Legionella","volume":"10","author":"Cervero-Arago","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.006","article-title":"Impact of watering with UV-LED-treated wastewater on microbial and physico-chemical parameters of soil","volume":"47","author":"Chevremont","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2005.08.034","article-title":"Water recycling with PV-powered UV-LED disinfection","volume":"31","author":"Close","year":"2006","journal-title":"Renew. Energ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2007.06.001","article-title":"Replication of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms of water distribution pipes","volume":"164","author":"Declerck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00403-10","article-title":"Molecular indications of protein damage in adenoviruses after UV disinfection","volume":"77","author":"Eischeid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microb."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0085","article-title":"Searching for activity markers that approximate (VBNC) Legionella pneumophila infectivity in amoeba after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation","volume":"10","author":"Grossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water-Sui"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0090","series-title":"Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation","author":"Harm","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb2400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1039\/b912917k","article-title":"LD spectroscopy of natural and synthetic biomaterials","volume":"39","author":"Hicks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0095","first-page":"V","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms in Legionella pathogenesis preface","volume":"376","author":"Hilbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2009.08.010","article-title":"Effect of copper speciation at different pH on temporal sensory attributes of copper","volume":"21","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00188-4","article-title":"Literature review\u2014efficacy of various disinfectants against Legionella in water systems","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00667.x","article-title":"Role of the 25 kDa major outer membrane protein of Legionella pneumophila in attachment to U-937 cells and its potential as a virulence factor for chick embryos","volume":"86","author":"Krinos","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(96)00077-2","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of copper and silver ions on inactivation of Legionella pneumophila","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.6.2711-2715.2002","article-title":"Negative effect of high pH on biocidal efficacy of copper and silver ions in controlling Legionella pneumophila","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microb."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1086\/657934","article-title":"Controlling Legionella in hospital drinking water: an evidence-based review of disinfection methods","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Cont. Hosp. Ep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.4.919","article-title":"Controlled evaluation of copper-silver ionization in eradicating Legionella-pneumophila from a hospital water distribution-system","volume":"169","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2020.0092","article-title":"Virus and bacteria inactivation using ultraviolet light-emitting diodes","volume":"38","author":"Martino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0140","series-title":"Molecular Medical Microbiology","first-page":"1611","author":"Nazarian","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0145","series-title":"NSF\/ANSI 55-2022 Ultraviolet Microbiological Water Treatment Systems","author":"NSF International","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2013.08.014","article-title":"Application of UV light emitting diodes to batch and flow-through water disinfection systems","volume":"328","author":"Oguma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2019.022","article-title":"Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water using UV light-emitting diodes","volume":"19","author":"Oguma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.047","article-title":"Inactivation kinetics and efficiencies of UV-LEDs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, and surrogate microorganisms","volume":"130","author":"Rattanakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-014-9162-4","article-title":"Capsid-damaging effects of UV irradiation as measured by quantitative PCR coupled with ethidium monoazide treatment","volume":"6","author":"Sangsanont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Environ. Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.2c00041","article-title":"Bright future of deep-ultraviolet photonics: emerging UVC chip scale light-source technology platforms, benchmarking, challenges, and outlook for UV disinfection","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1139\/s04-045","article-title":"Interpreting collimated beam ultraviolet photolysis rate data in terms of electrical efficiency of treatment","volume":"4","author":"Sharpless","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2016.1144798","article-title":"Comparison of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and low-pressure mercury-arc lamps for disinfection of water","volume":"37","author":"Sholtes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.003","article-title":"Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: a review","volume":"94","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0190","series-title":"Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0195","series-title":"Technologies for Legionella Control in Premise Plumbing Systems: Scientific Literature Review","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4797","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00142","article-title":"Confirmed and potential sources of Legionella reviewed","volume":"49","author":"van Heijnsbergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2016.09.005","article-title":"Efficacy of copper-silver ionisation in controlling Legionella in complex water distribution systems and a cooling tower: over 5 years of practical experience","volume":"13","author":"Walraven","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Water Process. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3390\/w11061131","article-title":"Efficacy of inactivation of human enteroviruses by dual-wavelength germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs)","volume":"11","author":"Woo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water-Sui"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.11.015","article-title":"Application of GaN-based ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes - UV LEDs - for water disinfection","volume":"45","author":"Wurtele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1086\/341087","article-title":"Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups isolated by culture in patients with sporadic community-acquired legionellosis: an international collaborative survey","volume":"186","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6641\/ac27e7","article-title":"Germicidal ultraviolet LEDs: a review of applications and semiconductor technologies","volume":"36","author":"Zollner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semicond. Sci. Tech."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723064082?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723064082?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:48:22Z","timestamp":1785700102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723064082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0048969723064082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inactivation efficacy and mechanisms of wavelength-specific UV sources for various strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167781","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"167781"}}