{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T09:29:34Z","timestamp":1786958974635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515110947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515110947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41827804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41827804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCBS20221008093123058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCBS20221008093123058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1111360001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111360001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1703722357000},"page":"169555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of antioxidants on PM2.5 oxidative potential, radical level, and cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"912","author":[{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunbo","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohua","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzung-May","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhuai","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0005","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on protecting ambient PM2.5-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells","author":"Bo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.12.2653","article-title":"Human plasma levels of vitamin E and carotenoids are associated with genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism","volume":"137","author":"Borel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-01026-y","article-title":"Safety of N-acetylcysteine at high doses in chronic respiratory diseases: a review","volume":"44","author":"Calverley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.12.021","article-title":"Impacts of antioxidants on hydroxyl radical production from individual and mixed transition metals in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"45","author":"Charrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9317","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01606","article-title":"Rates of hydroxyl radical production from transition metals and quinones in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"49","author":"Charrier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7010","DOI":"10.1021\/es501011w","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide formation in a surrogate lung fluid by transition metals and quinones present in particulate matter","volume":"48","author":"Charrier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.03.019","article-title":"Beyond PM2.5: the role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution","volume":"1860","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0040","first-page":"185","article-title":"Oxidants, antioxidants, and respiratory-tract lining fluids","volume":"102","author":"Cross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21795","article-title":"Pyruvate remediation of cell stress and genotoxicity induced by haloacetic acid drinking water disinfection by-products","volume":"54","author":"Dad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9348","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.7b07065","article-title":"Is vitamin a an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant?","volume":"121","author":"Dao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8822","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01675","article-title":"Thiol reactivity analyses to predict mammalian cell cytotoxicity of water samples","volume":"52","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9772-8","article-title":"Vitamin supplement use and risk for breast cancer: the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study","volume":"111","author":"Dorjgochoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.03.063","article-title":"Determination of antioxidants in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with electrochemical detection","volume":"1074","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.07.015","article-title":"Stability of cosmetic formulations containing esters of Vitamins E and A: chemical and physical aspects","volume":"327","author":"Guaratini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0075","first-page":"15","article-title":"Retinol as electron carrier in redox signaling, a new frontier in vitamin A research","volume":"5","author":"Hammerling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301501","article-title":"Effect of vitamin-E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung-cancer and other cancers in male smokers","volume":"330","author":"Heinonen","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666231158563","article-title":"The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002739","article-title":"High-dose vitamin C supplement use is associated with self-reported histories of breast cancer and other illnesses in the UK Women\u2019s Cohort Study","volume":"14","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.307","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine attenuates PM2.5-induced apoptosis by ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway in human embryonic stem cells","volume":"666","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327105ht493oa","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical formation resulting from the interaction of nickel complexes of L-histidine, glutathione or L-cysteine and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"24","author":"Joshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.039","article-title":"Air pollution and skin diseases: adverse effects of airborne particulate matter on various skin diseases","volume":"152","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0110","first-page":"887","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplement use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kristal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0115","series-title":"Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. 40","first-page":"485","article-title":"Chapter 15- natural antioxidants in cosmetics","author":"Kusumawati","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00958","article-title":"Assessing additivity of cytotoxicity associated with disinfection byproducts in potable reuse and conventional drinking waters","volume":"54","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2006.01.075","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of antioxidants and preservatives in cosmetics by supercritical fluid extraction combined with liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"1120","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(02)00073-6","article-title":"Copper redox-dependent activation of 2-tert-butyl (1, 4) hydroquinone: formation of reactive oxygen species and induction of oxidative DNA damage in isolated DNA and cultured rat hepatocytes","volume":"518","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.\/Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10302","DOI":"10.1021\/es301834r","article-title":"Interactive enhancements of ascorbic acid and iron in hydroxyl radical generation in quinone redox cycling","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.02.006","article-title":"Mitochondrial damage: an important mechanism of ambient PM2.5 exposure-induced acute heart injury in rats","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.01.116","article-title":"Oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in the coastal cities of the Bohai Sea, northern China: seasonal variation and source apportionment","volume":"236","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.04.064","article-title":"1,25-Vitamin D3 protects against cooking oil fumes-derived PM2.5-induced cell damage through its anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes","volume":"179","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00188-2","article-title":"Antioxidants and vitamins in cosmetics","volume":"19","author":"Lupo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0160","first-page":"173","article-title":"The relationship of dietary intake and serum levels of retinol and beta-carotene with breast cancer","volume":"61","author":"Marubini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Results of a case-control study. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142522","article-title":"Personal PM2.5 exposure and lung function: potential mediating role of systematic inflammation and oxidative damage in urban adults from the general population","volume":"755","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.12.018","article-title":"An in vitro and in vivo investigation of the effects of diesel exhaust on human airway lining fluid antioxidants","volume":"423","author":"Mudway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115365","article-title":"Determinants of plasma levels of beta-carotene and retinol","volume":"130","author":"Nierenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9010028","article-title":"4-Pyridoxic acid\/pyridoxine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes is related to global cardiovascular risk scores","volume":"9","author":"Obeid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(91)90029-7","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of quinone cytotoxicity","volume":"80","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605023341802","article-title":"Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"334","author":"Omenn","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12514","DOI":"10.1021\/es403171b","article-title":"Human cell toxicogenomic analysis linking reactive oxygen species to the toxicity of monohaloacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproducts","volume":"47","author":"Pals","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00598-6","article-title":"Carotenoids as scavengers of free radicals in a Fenton reaction: antioxidants or pro-oxidants?","volume":"31","author":"Polyakov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117083119","article-title":"Passage of exogeneous fine particles from the lung into the brain in humans and animals","volume":"119","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760290019354","article-title":"Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effect of the thiolic compounds N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation","volume":"36","author":"Sagrist\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2014.898040","article-title":"Oxidative stress and respiratory system: pharmacological and clinical reappraisal of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"11","author":"Santus","year":"2014","journal-title":"COPD: J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)80046-9","article-title":"Dietary consumption and plasma concentrations of vitamin E in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia","volume":"175","author":"Schiff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.12.079","article-title":"Airborne quinones induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human lung epithelial A549 cells: the role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"100","author":"Shang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.336","article-title":"Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin-C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly - a prospective-study","volume":"66","author":"Shibata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2013.741757","article-title":"Intakes of fruits, vegetables, and related vitamins and lung cancer risk: results from the Shanghai Men\u2019s Health Study (20022009)","volume":"65","author":"Takata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0245","first-page":"L289","article-title":"Determination of low-molecular-mass antioxidant concentrations in human respiratory tract lining fluids","volume":"276","author":"van der Vliet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0250","first-page":"6089","article-title":"Superoxide radical anion adduct of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). 2. The thermodynamics of decay and EPR spectral properties","volume":"109","author":"Villamena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.02.025","article-title":"Assessing the cytotoxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM) using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and its relationship with the PM chemical composition and oxidative potential","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0260","first-page":"185","article-title":"Gestational B-vitamin supplementation alleviates PM2.5-induced autism-like behavior and hippocampal neurodevelopmental impairment in mice offspring","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139511","article-title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interactions among organic and metallic components of the ambient particulate matter (PM) for the cytotoxicity measured by Chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"736","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05731","article-title":"Complexation of iron and copper in ambient particulate matter and its effect on the oxidative potential measured in a surrogate lung fluid","volume":"53","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7234","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04334","article-title":"Iron-facilitated organic radical formation from secondary organic aerosols in surrogate lung fluid","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29016","article-title":"Vitamin E intake and the lung cancer risk among female nonsmokers: a report from the Shanghai Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.17","article-title":"Intakes of folate, methionine, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in a large cohort study","volume":"110","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160771","article-title":"Seasonal variation of driving factors of ambient PM2.5 oxidative potential in Shenzhen, China","volume":"862","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6507","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01272","article-title":"Rethinking the dithiothreitol (DTT) based PM oxidative potential: measuring DTT consumption versus ROS generation","volume":"51","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0300","first-page":"256","article-title":"ROS-generation potential of humic-like substances (HULIS) in ambient PM2.5 in urban Shanghai: association with HULIS concentration and light absorbance","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.11.011","article-title":"N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorates the PM2.5-induced oxidative stress by regulating SIRT-1 in rats","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04261","article-title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interactions among the particulate matter components in generating reactive oxygen species based on the dithiothreitol assay","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2019.1693492","article-title":"A semi-automated multi-endpoint reactive oxygen species activity analyzer (SAMERA) for measuring the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 aqueous extracts","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128839","article-title":"Oxidative potential associated with water-soluble components of PM2. 5 in Beijing: the important role of anthropogenic organic aerosols","volume":"433","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.054","article-title":"Seasonal variations and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Wuhan, central China","volume":"518-519","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4891","article-title":"Effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118493","article-title":"Personal PM2.5-bound PAH exposure, oxidative stress and lung function: the associations and mediation effects in healthy young adults","volume":"293","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38541","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA02843H","article-title":"Generation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical resulting from oxygen-dependent oxidation of l-ascorbic acid via copper redox-catalyzed reactions","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz002","article-title":"Vitamin B6 catabolism and lung cancer risk: results from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)","volume":"30","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723081858?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969723081858?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T09:13:35Z","timestamp":1786958015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969723081858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0048969723081858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of antioxidants on PM2.5 oxidative potential, radical level, and cytotoxicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169555","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"169555"}}