{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:59:13Z","timestamp":1793829553855,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008253","name":"Shaoxing University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T20:28:54Z","timestamp":1714249734000},"page":"172744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing vulnerability assessment through spatially explicit modeling of mountain social-ecological systems exposed to multiple environmental hazards"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"930","author":[{"given":"Saied","family":"Pirasteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Mafi-Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Abulibdeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Nouri-Kamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Khonsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006","article-title":"Vulnerability","volume":"16","author":"Adger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10509-023-04223-0","article-title":"Structures of dust-ion acoustic waves in the lunar dark side induced by interaction with Earth\u2019s magnetosphere","volume":"368","author":"Afify","year":"2023","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0020","first-page":"113","article-title":"Simulated dust storm effect on dry mass, chlorophylls a, b and chlorophyll fluorescence of C 3 (Triticum aestivum L.) and C 4 (Zea mays L.) plants","volume":"10","author":"Alavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biharean Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association\u2014LISA","volume":"27","author":"Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHST.2021.116239","article-title":"Urban flood vulnerability mapping using integral value ranked fuzzy AHP and GIS","volume":"12","author":"Atijosan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.025","article-title":"Suitability estimation for urban development using multi-hazard assessment map","volume":"575","author":"Bathrellos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0040","first-page":"345","article-title":"Environmental stressors and forest vulnerability: a review of current literature","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb9005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00300-2","article-title":"Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP","volume":"95","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.06.031","article-title":"Interpreting aerosol lidar profiles to better estimate surface PM2. 5 for columnar AOD measurements","volume":"79","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-015-0201-2","article-title":"Assessing vulnerability of forests to climate change in South Korea","volume":"27","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0055","series-title":"Hazards Vulnerability and Environmental Justice","first-page":"143","article-title":"Social vulnerability to environmental hazards","author":"Cutter","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0060","first-page":"597","article-title":"Evaluation of ecological vulnerability in Chelgard mountainous landscape","volume":"5","author":"Darabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pollution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2013.09.021","article-title":"Mangroves can provide protection against wind damage during storms","volume":"134","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2013.10.001","article-title":"Social vulnerability assessment of the Cologne urban area (Germany) to heat waves: links to ecosystem services","volume":"6","author":"Depietri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154041","article-title":"A conceptual framework for quantitatively understanding the impacts of floods\/droughts and their management on the catchment's social-ecological system (C-SES)","volume":"828","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15143641","article-title":"Assessment of spatiotemporal patterns and the effect of the relationship between meteorological drought and vegetation dynamics in the Yangtze River Basin based on remotely sensed data","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab6498","article-title":"Wildfire risk science facilitates adaptation of fire-prone social-ecological systems to the new fire reality","volume":"15","author":"Dunn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-015-1552-5","article-title":"Assessment of climate change downscaling and non-stationarity on the spatial pattern of a mangrove ecosystem in an arid coastal region of southern Iran","volume":"126","author":"Etemadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0095","first-page":"509","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal variation of satellite-based aerosol optical depth in Marmara region of T\u00fcrkiye during 2000\u20132021","volume":"48","author":"Ettehadi Osgouei","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISPRS Archives"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1139\/X09-209","article-title":"The changing effects of Alaska\u2019s boreal forests on the climate system","volume":"40","author":"Euskirchen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0105","series-title":"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report","author":"FAO","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-008-0277-8","article-title":"Streamflow drought time series forecasting: a case study in a small watershed in Northwest Spain","volume":"23","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0115","first-page":"92","article-title":"Incorporating socio-economic indicators into predictive modeling of Colorado lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) mortality","volume":"375","author":"Fischer","year":"2016","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0120","first-page":"389","article-title":"A framework for assessing the vulnerability of communities in the Canadian Arctic to risks associated with climate change","author":"Ford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0125","series-title":"Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists","author":"Fortin","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15028","article-title":"Mapping tree species vulnerability to multiple threats as a guide to restoration and conservation of tropical dry forests","volume":"26","author":"Fremout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-006-0329-3","article-title":"Climate change vulnerability assessments: an evolution of conceptual thinking","volume":"75","author":"F\u00fcssel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004","article-title":"Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity","volume":"16","author":"Gallop\u00edn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0145","first-page":"2677","article-title":"An extension on \u201cstatistical comparisons of classifiers over multiple data sets\u201d for all pairwise comparisons","volume":"9","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0150","series-title":"Watershed Management Plan and Cooperative Management of Forest Areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province","author":"General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (CHBNRWM)","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x","article-title":"The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics","volume":"24","author":"Getis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800131-8.00001-7","article-title":"The global dispersion of pathogenic microorganisms by dust storms and its relevance to agriculture","volume":"127","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0165","first-page":"15","article-title":"Vegetation, climate and soil of the unique Purdiaea forest of southern Ecuador","volume":"14","author":"Gradstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecotropica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0170","first-page":"189","article-title":"Predicting pest vulnerability in forest ecosystems using machine learning techniques","volume":"212","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61164-2","article-title":"Hurricane-induced rainfall is a stronger predictor of tropical forest damage in Puerto Rico than maximum wind speeds","volume":"10","author":"Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"G1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0180","article-title":"Changing temperatures influence suitability for modeled mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks in the western United States","volume":"117","author":"Hicke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/044009","article-title":"An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries","volume":"7","author":"Hosonuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6909","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0715-6","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of aerosols and their trends over mainland China with the recent Collection 6 MODIS and OMI satellite datasets","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2017.11.005","article-title":"Estimate global risks of a forest disease under current and future climates using species distribution model and simple thermal model\u2013Pine Wilt disease as a model case","volume":"409","author":"Ikegami","year":"2018","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0200","author":"Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0205","author":"Iranian Census and Housing (ICH)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-022-05397-6","article-title":"Anthropogenic activities amplify wildfire occurrence in the Zagros eco-region of western Iran","volume":"114","author":"Jaafari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.105051","article-title":"A spatiotemporal analysis using expert-weighted indicators for assessing social resilience to natural hazards","volume":"100","author":"Jaafari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0220","first-page":"567","article-title":"Assessing model performance in environmental risk assessment: a review","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10104","article-title":"Spatial analysis of the occurrence of the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe based on multiple environmental variables","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-022-03268-0","article-title":"The effect of meteorological and hydrological drought on groundwater storage under climate change scenarios","volume":"37","author":"Kamali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.06.014","article-title":"Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015","volume":"352","author":"Keenan","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0240","first-page":"5","article-title":"Social and economic dimensions of vulnerability to climate change in the context of adaptation: a review of the literature","volume":"133","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125552","article-title":"Convolu- tional neural network approach for spatial prediction of flood hazard at national scale of Iran","volume":"591","author":"Khosravi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07642","article-title":"Emission of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere by sediments and open waters in two Tanzanian mangrove forests","volume":"370","author":"Kristensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgeop.2019.05.003","article-title":"Analyzing the impacts of forest ecosystem services on livelihood security and sustainability: a case study of Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Geoheritage Parks"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2010.10.009","article-title":"Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability to global environmental change: challenges and pathways for an action-oriented research agenda for middle-income and low-income countries","volume":"2","author":"Lahsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"issue":"6630","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp8622","article-title":"The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation","volume":"379","author":"Lapola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2019.108299","article-title":"Global patterns of forest loss across IUCN categories of protected areas","volume":"241","author":"Leberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10399","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-10399-2010","article-title":"Global evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS dark-target aerosol products over land","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0280","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global inequality in spatial access to forests and protected areas","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0285","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human fingerprint on structural density of forests globally","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12217","article-title":"Rapid warming accelerates tree growth decline in semi-arid forests of Inner Asia","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2020.07.001","article-title":"Meteorological conditions and their effects on the relationship between aerosol optical depth and macro-physical properties of warm clouds over Shanghai based on MODIS","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-019-00903-x","article-title":"Maximum air temperature controlled by landscape topography affects plant species composition in temperate forests","volume":"34","author":"Macek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113573","article-title":"Fuzzy-based vulnerability assessment of coupled social-ecological systems to multiple environmental hazards and climate change","volume":"299","author":"Mafi-Gholami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0305","series-title":"Modeling and Monitoring Extreme Hydrometeorological Events","first-page":"90","article-title":"Analysis methods for hydrological drought","author":"Maftei","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2010.12.008","article-title":"Assessment and management of coastal multi-hazard vulnerability along the Cuddalore\u2013Villupuram, east coast of India using geospatial techniques","volume":"54","author":"Mahendra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9008","DOI":"10.3390\/su15119008","article-title":"Livelihood analysis and a new inferential model for development of forest-dependent rural communities","volume":"15","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0320","first-page":"77","article-title":"Temporal and spatial monito- ring and forecasting of suspended dust using google earth engine and remote sensing data (case study: Qazvin Province)","volume":"10","author":"Mansourmoghaddam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desert Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0325","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Conf. on Appl. Clim","article-title":"The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales","volume":"vol. 17(22)","author":"McKee","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-014-0742-1","article-title":"A comparison of three methods to assess land use impacts on biodiversity in a case study of forestry plantations in New Zealand","volume":"19","author":"Michelsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0335","series-title":"ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis","article-title":"The ESRI guide to GIS analysis, volume 2: spartial measurements and statistics","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Mitchel","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0340","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential","author":"Mo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-006-0058-1","article-title":"Streamflow drought time series forecasting","volume":"21","author":"Modarres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0350","author":"M\u00fcller"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0355","author":"National Cartography Center of Iran (NCC)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2020.06.013","article-title":"Evaluation of deep learning algorithms for national scale landslide susceptibility mapping of Iran","volume":"12","author":"Ngo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geosci. Front."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.04.069","article-title":"Vulnerability of Vietnam to typhoons: a spatial assessment based on hazards, exposure and adaptive capacity","volume":"682","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071244","article-title":"Social vulnerability in patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-017-0505-5","article-title":"Assessing vulnerability of a forest ecosystem to climate change and variability in the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey","volume":"29","author":"\u00d6zcan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0380","first-page":"5163","article-title":"A novel approach to identify the characteristics of drought under future climate change scenario","volume":"36","author":"Padhiary","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12061022","article-title":"Performance evaluation of machine learning methods for forest fire modeling and prediction","volume":"12","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2021.101389","article-title":"Na\u00efve Bayes ensemble models for groundwater potential mapping","volume":"64","author":"Pham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0395","article-title":"Remote sensing of multi-decadal spatial extents and biomass changes of mangroves in response to climate change and anthropogenic impacts","volume":"102","author":"Pirasteh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-019-00710-y","article-title":"Assessing forest cover vulnerability in Uttarakhand, India using analytical hierarchy process","volume":"6","author":"Pokhriyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Model. Earth Syst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.203","article-title":"Multi-hazard probability assessment and mapping in Iran","volume":"692","author":"Pourghasemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"S4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/14004080410034083","article-title":"Identification of forest vegetation units in support of government management objectives in Zagros forests, Iran","volume":"19","author":"Pourhashemi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94266-6","article-title":"A multi-hazard map-based flooding, gully erosion, forest fires, and earthquakes in Iran","volume":"11","author":"Pouyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14058","article-title":"Identifying socioeconomic and biophysical factors driving forest loss in protected areas","volume":"37","author":"Powlen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-012-2029-y","article-title":"Effects of disturbance intensities on vegetation patterns in oak forests of Kumaun, west Himalaya","volume":"9","author":"Rawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0430","article-title":"Alien pathogens on the horizon: opportunities for predicting their threat to wildlife","volume":"12","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0435","series-title":"Kobe, Japan","first-page":"69","article-title":"The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for decision making","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Saaty","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0440","article-title":"Vulnerability assess- ment of forest ecosystem based on exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve, India: a geospatial analysis","volume":"80","author":"Sajjad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0445","first-page":"27","article-title":"Vulnerability to environmental risks and effects on community resilience in mid-west Nepal and south-east Pakistan","volume":"3","author":"Schilling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Nat. Resour. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0450","first-page":"302","article-title":"Disturbance legacies increase the resilience of forest ecosystem structure, composition, and functioning","volume":"27","author":"Seidl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-017-0894-4","article-title":"Vulnerability of forests in India: a national scale assessment","volume":"60","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2023.192","article-title":"Estimation of possible extreme droughts for a dam catchment in Korea using a regional-scale weather model and long short-term memory network","volume":"54","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hydrol. Res."},{"issue":"Special issue","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0465","first-page":"69","article-title":"Determining carbon stock: a case study from T\u00fcrko\u011flu planning unit","volume":"14","author":"Sivrikaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bart\u0131n Orman Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-8003-4","article-title":"Multi-hazard assessment modeling via multi-criteria analysis and GIS: a case study","volume":"78","author":"Skilodimou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0475","first-page":"45","article-title":"Application of machine learning techniques in environmental risk assessment: current trends and future prospects","volume":"28","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-023-06349-x","article-title":"The effect of dust deposition on the morphology and physiology of tree foliage","volume":"234","author":"Soheili","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2012.04.019","article-title":"Poverty, sustainability, and household livelihood strategies in Zagros, Iran","volume":"79","author":"Soltani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0490","first-page":"301","article-title":"Climatic variation in the high mountains of central Mexico: temperature and precipitation indices at Nevado de Toluca volcano","volume":"33","author":"Soto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atm\u00f3sfera"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/17550874.2012.698660","article-title":"Mountain biodiversity","volume":"4","author":"Spehn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Ecol. Divers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.026","article-title":"Categorizing social vulnerability patterns in Chinese coastal cities","volume":"116","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.11591\/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp1102-1113","article-title":"Analysis of wind speed characteristics using different distribution models in Medan City, Indonesia","volume":"12","author":"Suwarno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0515","series-title":"Forests of Iran. A treasure From the Past, a Hope for the Future","volume":"vol. 10","author":"Talebi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0520","article-title":"Vulnerability assessments of mountain forest ecosystems: a global synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Thakur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trees For. People"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-017-2010-4","article-title":"Climate change vulnerability assessment of forests in the Southwest USA","volume":"148","author":"Thorne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1231335100","article-title":"A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science","volume":"100","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crm.2015.08.002","article-title":"Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment of forests in the Indian Western Himalayan region: a case study of Himachal Pradesh, India","volume":"10","author":"Upgupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clim. Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-018-2625-z","article-title":"Modelling climate change effects on Zagros forests in Iran using individual and ensemble forecasting approaches","volume":"137","author":"Valavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0550","article-title":"Sand and dust storm events in Iraq","volume":"2013","author":"Varoujan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.065","article-title":"Vulnerability of forest vegetation to anthropogenic climate change in China","volume":"621","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108644","article-title":"Statistical analysis of low-occurrence strong wind speeds at the pedestrian level around a simplified building based on the Weibull distribution","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0570","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Spatial autocorrelation analysis of forest resources in China based on GIS technology","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0580","first-page":"123","article-title":"Modeling environmental vulnerabilities using machine learning approaches: a review","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2012.07.005","article-title":"Integrated analysis of societal vulnerability in an extreme precipitation event: a Fort Collins case study","volume":"26","author":"Wilhelmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.03.007","article-title":"Forests, livelihoods, and conservation: broadening the empirical base","volume":"64","author":"Wunder","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0595","author":"WWF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.107274","article-title":"Spatio-temporal changes of ecological vulnerability across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"123","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.08.007","article-title":"Carbon fluxes, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in China","volume":"182","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5932","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31597-6","article-title":"Assessing ecosystem vulnerability under severe uncertainty of global climate change","volume":"13","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0615","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predicting the potential global distribution of a harmful pest, Bagrada hilaris, using the MaxEnt and GARP models","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01858-z","article-title":"Evaluating the utility of various drought indices to monitor meteorological drought in Tropical Dry Forests","volume":"64","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969724028912?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969724028912?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:11:01Z","timestamp":1788149461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969724028912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["S0048969724028912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing vulnerability assessment through spatially explicit modeling of mountain social-ecological systems exposed to multiple environmental hazards","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172744","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"172744"}}