{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:45:06Z","timestamp":1790106306429,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC- 2021\/42\/A\/ST10\/00161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC- 2021\/42\/A\/ST10\/00161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T22:58:49Z","timestamp":1732316329000},"page":"177629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Contrasting environmental impacts of nano-biochar and conventional biochar on various organisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"957","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Raczkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bogusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoshan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patryk","family":"Oleszczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10080484","article-title":"Recent strategies for bioremediation of emerging pollutants: a review for a green and sustainable environment","volume":"10","author":"Bala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.098","article-title":"Sorption, bioavailability and ecotoxic effects of hydrophobic organic compounds in biochar amended soils","volume":"624","author":"Bielsk\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0015","series-title":"Fruit and Vegetable Waste Utilization and Sustainability","first-page":"301","article-title":"Biomass ash as a source of nutrient; a case study on cotton (Gossypium)","author":"Bisane","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0025","series-title":"Small-Scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations","first-page":"107","article-title":"Solid-phase test for sediment toxicity using the luminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri","author":"Doe","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.035","article-title":"Ecotoxicological characterization of biochars: role of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature","volume":"512\u2013513","author":"Domene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2006.12.020","article-title":"Ecotoxicity of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil","volume":"67","author":"Eom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.12.105","article-title":"Residues of bioenergy production chains as soil amendments: immediate and temporal phytotoxicity","volume":"186","author":"Gell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123833","article-title":"THE DARK SIDE OF BLACK GOLD: Ecotoxicological aspects of biochar and biochar-amended soils","volume":"403","author":"Godlewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114224","article-title":"Effect of carrier gas change during sewage sludge or sewage sludge and willow pyrolysis on ecotoxicity of biochar-amended soil","volume":"247","author":"Godlewska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5309","DOI":"10.3390\/su14095309","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of sewage sludge biochar as a soil amendment\u2014a review","volume":"14","author":"Goldan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1515\/pjct-2016-0067","article-title":"Content of PAHs, activities of \u03b3-radionuclides and ecotoxicological assessment in biochars","volume":"18","author":"Gondek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol. J. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0065","series-title":"Contaminants in Agriculture","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of heavy metals on plant growth: an overview","author":"Goyal","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-020-00065-z","article-title":"Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant","volume":"2","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113809","article-title":"Ball milled biochar effectively removes sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine antibiotics from water and wastewater","volume":"258","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.233","article-title":"Wood ash residue causes a mixture of growth promotion and toxicity in Lemna minor","volume":"625","author":"Jagodzinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0085","series-title":"Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications","first-page":"249","article-title":"Effects of environmental pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on photosynthetic processes","author":"Jajoo","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121356","article-title":"Overview of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with detailed analysis of biochar characteristics, heavy metals behaviors, and their ecotoxicity","volume":"384","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2016.10.033","article-title":"Effect of biochar activation by different methods on toxicity of soil contaminated by industrial activity","volume":"136","author":"Ko\u0142towski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137796","article-title":"Carbon dioxide as a carrier gas and mixed feedstock pyrolysis decreased toxicity of sewage sludge biochar","volume":"723","author":"Ko\u0144czak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9649","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ00742F","article-title":"Mass preparation of micro\/nano-powders of biochar with water-dispersibility and their potential application","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14121035","article-title":"Migration rules and mechanisms of nano-biochar in soil columns under various transport conditions","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-018-3619-4","article-title":"How does biochar influence soil N cycle? A meta-analysis","volume":"426","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s44246-022-00007-3","article-title":"Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s42832-021-0099-x","article-title":"Effects of acid deposition on the avoidance behavior of Folsomia candida (Collembola, Isotomidae)","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.08.014","article-title":"Effect of pyrolysis temperature on potential toxicity of biochar if applied to the environment","volume":"218","author":"Lyu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.10.130","article-title":"Experimental and modeling investigations of ball-milled biochar for the removal of aqueous methylene blue","volume":"335","author":"Lyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EN00409C","article-title":"Leaching of organic carbon enhances mobility of biochar nanoparticles in saturated porous media","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160640","article-title":"Ecotoxicological characterization of engineered biochars produced from different feedstock and temperatures","volume":"861","author":"Marci\u0144czyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140721","article-title":"Effect of chemical aging on phosphate adsorption and ecotoxicological properties of magnesium-modified biochar","volume":"349","author":"Marci\u0144czyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198728","article-title":"Biochars from olive mill waste have contrasting effects on plants, fungi and phytoparasitic nematodes","volume":"13","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0160","first-page":"303","article-title":"Vegetative growth performance of five medicinal plants under NaCl salt stress","volume":"42","author":"Muhammad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-04957-1","article-title":"Biochar enhances the growth and physiological characteristics of Medicago sativa, Amaranthus caudatus and Zea mays in saline soils","volume":"24","author":"Murtaza","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.07.084","article-title":"A green method for production of nanobiochar by ball milling- optimization and characterization","volume":"164","author":"Naghdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08473","article-title":"A scoping review on biochar-based fertilizers: enrichment techniques and agro-environmental application","volume":"7","author":"Ndoung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.12.067","article-title":"Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance of Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus, water quality and plant growth of watercress Nasturtium officinale in an aquaponic recirculating system","volume":"503","author":"Nhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0185","series-title":"Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. 211","author":"OECD","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0190","series-title":"Daphnia sp Acute Immobilization Test","article-title":"Guidelines for the testing of chemicals. 202","author":"OECD","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0195","series-title":"Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. 221","author":"OECD","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0200","unstructured":"OECD, 2016. Guidelines for the testing of chemicals. 232. Collembolan reproduction test in soil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.05.044","article-title":"Biochar properties regarding to contaminants content and ecotoxicological assessment","volume":"260","author":"Oleszczuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2016.07.017","article-title":"Characterization of nanoparticles of biochars from different biomass","volume":"121","author":"Oleszczuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124359","article-title":"Impact of ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles in sewage sludge-amended soil on bacteria, plant and invertebrates","volume":"237","author":"Oleszczuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0220","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of biochar as a green sorbent for soil remediation","volume":"100882","author":"Osman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119136","article-title":"Recent advancement of nano-biochar for the remediation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants: mechanism, adsorption kinetic model, plant growth and development","volume":"255","author":"Pathak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s44246-024-00123-2","article-title":"Food waste biochar: a sustainable solution for agriculture application and soil\u2013water remediation","volume":"3","author":"Pradhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0235","article-title":"Size reduction of biochar to nanoscale decrease polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals content and bioavailability in nanobiochar","volume":"173372","author":"Raczkiewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142456","article-title":"Effect of the pyrolysis conditions and type of feedstock on nanobiochars obtained as a result of ball milling","volume":"458","author":"Raczkiewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2020.08.001","article-title":"Accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil-plant systems and their effects on human health","volume":"65","author":"Rajput","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EN00486C","article-title":"Nanobiochar: production, properties, and multifunctional applications","volume":"7","author":"Ramanayaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137694","article-title":"Nanobiochar reduces ammonia emission, increases nutrient mineralization from vermicompost, and improves maize productivity","volume":"414","author":"Rashid","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166881","article-title":"Waste-derived nanobiochar: a new avenue towards sustainable agriculture, environment, and circular bioeconomy","volume":"905","author":"Sani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seh.2024.100095","article-title":"Nano-biochar interactions with contaminants in the rhizosphere and their implications for plant-soil dynamics","volume":"2","author":"Sarma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0270","series-title":"Microtox Manual","author":"SDI","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.193","article-title":"Physicochemical property and colloidal stability of micron- and nano-particle biochar derived from a variety of feedstock sources","volume":"661","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.06.063","article-title":"Addition of biochar to sewage sludge decreases freely dissolved PAHs content and toxicity of sewage sludge-amended soil","volume":"218","author":"Stefaniuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.127","article-title":"Influence of soil type and organic matter content on the bioavailability, accumulation, and toxicity of \u03b1-cypermethrin in the springtail Folsomia candida","volume":"29","author":"Styrishave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7212","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06218","article-title":"Concentration dependent effects of bovine serum albumin on graphene oxide colloidal stability in aquatic environment","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129567","article-title":"Comparative characterisation and phytotoxicity assessment of biochar and hydrochar derived from municipal wastewater microalgae biomass","volume":"386","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210921","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of three terrestrial invertebrate tests to polycyclic aromatic compounds","volume":"21","author":"Sverdrup","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-020-09523-3","article-title":"Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects","volume":"19","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116484","article-title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of sewage sludge-derived biochars-amended soil","volume":"275","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173679","article-title":"Review on biochar as a sustainable green resource for the rehabilitation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil","volume":"941","author":"Vadakkan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2017.09.001","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar \u2013 their formation, occurrence and analysis: a review","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.12.054","article-title":"Properties of biochar","volume":"217","author":"Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.04.008","article-title":"Biochar-based materials as remediation strategy in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil and water: performances, mechanisms, and environmental impact","volume":"138","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.141745","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles and biochar in alleviating copper stress in corn (Zea mays L.)","volume":"355","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.11.042","article-title":"Effects of pH dynamics on solidification\/stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash","volume":"207","author":"Yakubu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2015.12.020","article-title":"Sewage sludge biochar: nutrient composition and its effect on the leaching of soil nutrients","volume":"267","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113409","article-title":"Effects of biochar nanoparticles on seed germination and seedling growth","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629_bb0355","series-title":"Nanomaterial, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8739-0_2","article-title":"Nanoparticle aggregation: principles and modeling","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969724077866?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969724077866?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T14:25:13Z","timestamp":1737296713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969724077866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0048969724077866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contrasting environmental impacts of nano-biochar and conventional biochar on various organisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177629","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177629"}}