{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:02:25Z","timestamp":1776960145275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":360,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020424","name":"Weill Cornell Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018896","name":"Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T09:43:33Z","timestamp":1735292613000},"page":"178217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Wastewater based measures of COVID-19 and associations with children's absenteeism at grade schools"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"959","author":[{"given":"Helena M.","family":"Solo-Gabriele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaaz","family":"Amirali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Babler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia C.","family":"Beaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Comerford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha Schaefer","family":"Solle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gwynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0005","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170452","article-title":"Wastewater based surveillance can be used to reduce clinical testing intensity on a university campus","volume":"918","author":"Amirali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0015","series-title":"Managing Infectious Diseases in Child Care and Schools: A Quick Reference Guide","author":"Aronson","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.676718","article-title":"Face masks in young children during the COVID-19 pandemic: parent\u2019 and pediatrician\u2019 point of view","volume":"9","author":"Assathiany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00047","article-title":"Comparison of electronegative filtration to magnetic bead-based concentration and V2G-qPCR to RT-qPCR for quantifying viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater","volume":"2","author":"Babler","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161423","article-title":"Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater","volume":"867","author":"Babler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7171\/3fc1f5fe.dfa8d906","article-title":"Expanding a wastewater-based surveillance methodology for DNA isolation from a workflow optimized for SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification","volume":"34","author":"Babler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165459","article-title":"Detection of the clinically persistent, pathogenic yeast spp. Candida auris from hospital and municipal wastewater in Miami-Dade County, Florida","volume":"898","author":"Babler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00340-2","article-title":"A measles outbreak in a school","volume":"24","author":"Bagcchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab230","volume":"73","author":"van den Berg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146408","article-title":"COVID-19 containment on a college campus via wastewater-based epidemiology, targeted clinical testing and an intervention","volume":"779","author":"Betancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0065","article-title":"Inferring SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding into wastewater relative to the time of infection","volume":"150","author":"Cavany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0070","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0075","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25825","article-title":"The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cys061","article-title":"Factors influencing hand washing behaviour in primary schools: process evaluation within a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Chittleborough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139423","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1139423","article-title":"Actionable wastewater surveillance: application to a university residence hall during the transition between Delta and Omicron resurgences of COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Corchis-Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.26447","article-title":"Assessment of a program for SARS-CoV-2 screening and environmental monitoring in an urban public school district","volume":"4","author":"Crowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274961","article-title":"Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in stool samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 patients in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"17","author":"Daou","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.10768","article-title":"Year-long wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 signals in combined and separate sanitary sewers","volume":"94","author":"Fahrenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0110","article-title":"Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schools","volume":"19","author":"Fielding-Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.13124","article-title":"Systematic review: impact of parental decision on paediatric COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"49","author":"Garbin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.20517\/jeea.2023.16","article-title":"The role of smart technologies in wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"2","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Expo. Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286259","article-title":"Wastewater monitoring for detection of public health markers during the COVID-19 pandemic: near-source monitoring of schools in England over an academic year","volume":"18","author":"Hassard","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0130","first-page":"27","article-title":"Public health benefits and ethical aspects in the collection and open sharing of wastewater-based epidemic data on COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Honda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Data Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26180","article-title":"Epidemiological features and viral shedding in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"92","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001097","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic and its potential enduring impact on children","volume":"34","author":"Irwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002209","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1002209","article-title":"Community voices on factors influencing COVID-19 concerns and health decisions among racial and ethnic minorities in the school setting","volume":"10","author":"Kenworthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1226207","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 excretion kinetics in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from the pediatric population","volume":"10","author":"Khemiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15079","article-title":"Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at K-12 schools: comparison to pooled clinical testing data","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa372","article-title":"Racial disparity of coronavirus disease 2019 in African American communities","volume":"222","author":"Kullar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129848","article-title":"Correlation between SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater and COVID-19 cases in community: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"441","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161935","article-title":"Monitoring COVID-19 spread in selected Prague\u2019s schools based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater","volume":"871","author":"Lopez Marin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa474","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: disparate health impact on the Hispanic\/Latinx population in the United States","volume":"222","author":"Macias Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0180","series-title":"Ventilation Improvements Among K-12 Public School Districts- United States, August\u2013December 2022: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"372","volume":"72","author":"Mark-Carew","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.13142","article-title":"A multi-layered strategy for COVID-19 infection prophylaxis in schools: a review of the evidence for masks, distancing, and ventilation","volume":"32","author":"McLeod","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00357","article-title":"Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in sewage and correlation with reported COVID-19 prevalence in the early stage of the epidemic in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Medema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073432","article-title":"Mental health of children and adolescents amidst COVID-19 and past pandemics: a rapid systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Meherali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00061","article-title":"Diurnal variability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in hourly grab samples of wastewater influent during low COVID-19 incidence","volume":"2","author":"Mendoza Grijalva","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0205","series-title":"NBC News. February 23, 2024. Accessed July 5","article-title":"Seven cases of measles confirmed in Florida outbreak that began in an elementary school","author":"Mogg","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2021.105870","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 in residential rooms of two self-isolating persons with COVID-19","volume":"159","author":"Nannu Shankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0215","series-title":"Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01416-1","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in non-discretionary risk factors for COVID-19 among patients in an early COVID-19 hotspot","volume":"10","author":"Newton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211019854","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the global lockdown and its far-reaching effects","volume":"104","author":"Onyeaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0684-z","article-title":"Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater tracks community infection dynamics","volume":"38","author":"Peccia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-022-01539-6","article-title":"Remote and in-person learning: utility versus social experience","volume":"4","author":"Photopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0240","article-title":"Modeling impacts of ventilation and filtration methods on energy use and airborne disease transmission in classrooms","volume":"57","author":"Pistochini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115942","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area","volume":"181","author":"Randazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0250","series-title":"Medical News Today. June 5","article-title":"Racial inequities in COVID-19 \u2013 the impact on black communities","author":"Sandoiu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0255","author":"Schwartz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149177","article-title":"Lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 measurements in wastewater","volume":"798","author":"Sharkey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164289","article-title":"Monkeypox viral nucleic acids detected using both DNA and RNA extraction workflows","volume":"890","author":"Sharkey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111329","article-title":"Addressing COVID-19 contagion through the HVAC systems by reviewing indoor airborne nature of infectious microbes: will an innovative air recirculation concept provide a practical solution?","volume":"199","author":"Sodiq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"Supplement_2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad072","article-title":"School absenteeism as a marker for community COVID-19 rates","volume":"12","author":"Stark","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0280","author":"U.S. Department of Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0285","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0290","author":"UNESCO"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001174","article-title":"Feasibility of social distancing practices in US schools to reduce influenza transmission during a pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Uscher-Pines","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Public Health Manag. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15912-4","article-title":"Racial-ethnic disparities in psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: the role of experienced discrimination and perceived racial bias","volume":"23","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8311","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148311","article-title":"Barriers to COVID-19 intervention implementation in K-5 classrooms: a survey of teachers from a district with mask mandates despite a statewide mask mandate ban","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119648","article-title":"Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in preK-12 schools shows school, community, and citywide infections","volume":"231","author":"Wolken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0817-4","article-title":"Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0320","article-title":"Simulation-based trade-off modeling for indoor infection risk of airborne diseases, energy consumption, and thermal comfort","volume":"76","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00045","article-title":"Relationships between SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and COVID-19 clinical cases and hospitalizations, with and without normalization against indicators of human waste","volume":"2","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES T Water"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.3c00032","article-title":"Correlative analysis of wastewater trends with clinical cases and hospitalizations through five dominant variant waves of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS ES T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217_bb0335","article-title":"Mitigating aerosol infection risk in school buildings: the role of natural ventilation, volume, occupancy and CO2 monitoring","volume":"204","author":"Zivelonghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Built Environ."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972408375X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972408375X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T03:44:11Z","timestamp":1762227851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004896972408375X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S004896972408375X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wastewater based measures of COVID-19 and associations with children's absenteeism at grade schools","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178217","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178217"}}