{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T22:23:33Z","timestamp":1775859813067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Improvement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T11:53:17Z","timestamp":1739015597000},"page":"178717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chemical characterization and phytotoxicity assay of Novolac phenolic foam resin from healthcare services: Challenging environmental liability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"966","author":[{"given":"Sabrina Alves","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danilo Vitorino","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Sgobbi","family":"Zagui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina Filomena Pereira Rosa","family":"Paschoalato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Roberto","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Torelli","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique Soares","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e2nia Elisa Christofoletti","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Aparecida","family":"Marin-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Nadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana In\u00e9s","family":"Segura-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0005","series-title":"ABNT NBR 10004 \u2013 Res\u00edduos S\u00f3lidos \u2013 Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Rio de Janeiro-RJ","author":"ABNT (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Normas T\u00e9cnicas)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0010","series-title":"ABNT NBR 10005 \u2013 Procedimento para obten\u00e7\u00e3o de extrato lixiviado de res\u00edduos s\u00f3lidos. Rio de Janeiro-RJ","author":"ABNT (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Normas T\u00e9cnicas)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0015","series-title":"ABNT NBR 10006 \u2013 Solubiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Res\u00edduos\u2013 Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Rio de Janeiro-RJ","author":"ABNT (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Normas T\u00e9cnicas)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0020","series-title":"ABNT NBR 10007 \u2013 Amostragem de res\u00edduos s\u00f3lidos. Rio de Janeiro-RJ","author":"ABNT (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Normas T\u00e9cnicas)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0025","author":"ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0030","unstructured":"ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). 2016. Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. Formaldehyde. Available in: https:\/\/nj.gov\/health\/eoh\/rtkweb\/documents\/fs\/1487.pdf. 2016 (Accessed december 15 2023)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-012-2431-2","article-title":"Thermal degradation and evolved gas analysis of epoxy (DGEBA)\/novolac resin blends (ENB) during pyrolysis and combustion","volume":"111","author":"Ahamad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0040","author":"Analytica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.06.015","article-title":"Thermogravimetric and calorimetric characteristics during co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste components","volume":"56","author":"Ansah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0050","author":"ANVISA (Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Vigil\u00e2ncia Sanit\u00e1ria)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0055","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA, American Public Health Association","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2174\/1573411013666171003154410","article-title":"A review on phenolic resin and its composites","volume":"14","author":"Asim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0070","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Zinc","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0075","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Aluminum","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0080","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0085","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0090","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Chromium","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0095","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Lead","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0100","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Cobalt (Draft for Public Comment)","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0105","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Copper (Draft for Public Comment)","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0110","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Nickel (Draft for Public Comment)","author":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry)","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60301a050","article-title":"New spectrophotometric method for determination of formaldehyde","volume":"43","author":"Bailey","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0120","series-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de fitotoxicidade atrav\u00e9s de Lepidium sativum no \u00e2mbito de processos de compostagem","author":"Belo","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-020-00680-y","article-title":"The effect of environmental degradation on health status: do institutions matter?","volume":"12","author":"Bouchoucha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Econ."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5428","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225428","article-title":"Characterization of phenolic compounds, vitamin e and fatty acids from monovarietal virgin olive oils of \u201cPicholine marocaine\u201d cultivar","volume":"25","author":"Bouymajane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0135","author":"BRASIL, Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Res\u00edduos S\u00f3lidos (PNRS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2011.06.003","article-title":"The hormesis database: the occurrence of hormetic dose responses in the toxicological literature","volume":"61","author":"Calabrese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reg Tox Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-415220190040","article-title":"An\u00e1lise do monitoramento ambiental da incinera\u00e7\u00e3o de res\u00edduos s\u00f3lidos urbanos na Europa e a necessidade de altera\u00e7\u00f5es na legisla\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira","volume":"26","author":"Cardozo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123036","article-title":"Deriving hazardous concentrations of phenol in soil ecosystems using a species sensitivity distribution approach","volume":"399","author":"Chae","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0170","first-page":"5630","article-title":"Formaldehyde-free and phenol-free non-toxic phenolic resins with high thermostability","volume":"5","author":"Chaussoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb8000","author":"CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0175","author":"CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0180","author":"CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0190","author":"CONAMA. Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0195","author":"CONAMA. Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53661","DOI":"10.1002\/app.53661","article-title":"Bio-based novolac resins from cashew nut processing waste: alternative resource for the development of high-value sustainable products","volume":"13","author":"Da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb5000","first-page":"179","article-title":"Toxic effect of formaldehyde: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Dan","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0205","article-title":"Adi\u00e7\u00e3o de lignina Kraft \u00e0 resina fen\u00f3lica para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de compensados","volume":"10","author":"De Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Ci\u00eancia da Madeira."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb7000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09662-8","article-title":"Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of composted tannery sludge","volume":"27","author":"de Moraes Cunha Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400054","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.202400054","article-title":"Evaluation of phenolic Foam\u2019s toxicity used in floral arrangements","volume":"413","author":"De Sousa","year":"2024","journal-title":"In Macromolecular Symposia."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1515\/ntrev-2020-0018","article-title":"Nano-silica modified phenolic resin film: manufacturing and properties","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.03.089","article-title":"Ecotoxicity of phenol and cresols to aquatic organisms: a review","volume":"157","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safe."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5928","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA09242A","article-title":"Quantification of phenol-formaldehyde curing resin in unvulcanized rubber blend using Py-GC\/MS supplemented by TG-IR analysis","volume":"12","author":"\u010euri\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0245","author":"FISPQ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0250","series-title":"Ficha de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Produto Qu\u00edmico (FISPQ): Phenol (W322318)","volume":"vol. V. 6.6","author":"FISPQ","year":"2021"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9130","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c01690","article-title":"Photoinduced electron transfer modulated photoelectric signal: toward an organic small molecule-based photoelectrochemical platform for formaldehyde detection","volume":"95","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5014","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00324","article-title":"Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer-driven photon-gating for photoelectrochemical sensing of CO-releasing molecule-3","volume":"96","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0265","author":"Grand View Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0270","series-title":"Ficha de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Produto Qu\u00edmico (FISPQ), Gelo Espuma (Ice Foam)","first-page":"05","author":"Grupo Polar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0275","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in soils of urban allotment gardens (Toru\u0144, Poland)","volume":"1-12","author":"Hulisz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soil. Sediment."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.04.073","article-title":"Vermicomposting eliminates the toxicity of Lantana (Lantana camara) and turns it into a plant friendly organic fertilizer","volume":"298","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0285","author":"IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0290","author":"INCA (Instituto Nacional do C\u00e2ncer)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2015.03.023","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of novolac phenol\u2013formaldehyde resins with enzymatic hydrolysis lignin","volume":"54","author":"Jing","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-99452-1.00003-6","article-title":"Phenolic resin: preparation, structure, properties, and applications","volume":"383-420","author":"Joseph","year":"2024","journal-title":"In Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45124","DOI":"10.1002\/app.45124","article-title":"Replacing 100% of phenol in phenolic adhesive formulations with lignin","volume":"134","author":"Kalami","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.105012","article-title":"Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety","volume":"9","author":"Kishor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061976","article-title":"Advancing global health through environmental and public health tracking","volume":"17","author":"Lauriola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0325","article-title":"Dynamic control of pollution of municipal solid waste incineration","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-008-9409-6","article-title":"Human cancer risk from the inhalation of formaldehyde in different indoor environments in Guiyang City, China","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.04.038","article-title":"Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition","volume":"409","author":"Lithner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-017-1386-z","article-title":"Phytotoxicity test applied to sewage sludge using Lactuca sativa L. and Lepidium sativum L. seeds","volume":"15","author":"Ma\u00f1as","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-41522019100204","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica, densidade e porosidade do latossolo vermelho em contato com lixiviado de res\u00edduos s\u00f3lidos urbanos","volume":"24","author":"Mangieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engenharia Sanit\u00e1ria e Ambiental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.01.012","article-title":"Ecotoxicological tests asssessment of soils polluted by chromium (VI) or pentachlorophenol","volume":"378","author":"Mart\u00ed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.08.033","article-title":"Effects of biostimulation by sugarcane bagasse and coffee grounds on sewage sludges, focusing agricultural use: microbial characterization, respirometric assessment and toxicity reduction","volume":"118","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c01598","article-title":"Curing efficiency of novolac-type phenol\u2013formaldehyde resins from viscoelastic properties","volume":"54","author":"Milazzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0365","article-title":"Thermal and mechanical characterization of alumina modified multifunctional novolac epoxy nanocomposites","volume":"30","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polym. Compos."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0370","first-page":"1362","article-title":"Presence of phenol in wastewater effluent and its removal: an overview","volume":"102","author":"Mohd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.12.050","article-title":"Phenolic foams: a review of mechanical properties, fire resistance and new trends in phenol substitution","volume":"164","author":"Mougel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1177\/0954008313482955","article-title":"Synthesis, spectral and thermal degradation kinetics of novolac resins derived from cardanol","volume":"25","author":"Natarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"High Perform. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0385","series-title":"Scanning Microscopies 2012: Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences","first-page":"27","article-title":"Faults and foibles of quantitative scanning electron microscopy\/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM\/EDS)","volume":"8378","author":"Newbury","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0390","author":"NIOSH. (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0395","author":"NIOSH. (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.01.013","article-title":"Formaldehyde degradation in an anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor","volume":"38","author":"Oliveira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0405","author":"OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0410","author":"OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.12.084","article-title":"Lethal and teratogenic effects of phenol on Bufo arenarum embryos","volume":"167","author":"Paisio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0420","article-title":"Soil organic matter qualification with FTIR spectroscopy under different soil types in Estonia","volume":"28","author":"P\u00e4rnpuu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma Reg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb4000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129304","article-title":"A review of plants formaldehyde metabolism: Implications for hazardous emissions and phytoremediation","volume":"436","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb3000","series-title":"Sustainability and Toxicity of Building Materials","first-page":"389","article-title":"Sustainability and toxicity of formaldehyde-based resins for composite wood products like plywood, particleboard and medium density fibreboard","author":"Petrovi\u0107","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0425","first-page":"238","article-title":"Characterization of phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer resins by in line FT-IR spectroscopy","volume":"52","author":"Poljansek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Chim. Slov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010165","article-title":"The carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde occupational exposure: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Protano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0435","series-title":"CORE TEAM. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (Version 4.1.2) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 202. 1.Vienna, Austria [software]","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262802","article-title":"Determinants of life expectancy in most polluted countries: exploring the effect of environmental degradation","volume":"17","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2018.07.001","article-title":"Formaldehyde metabolism and its impact on human health","volume":"9","author":"Reingruber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0450","article-title":"Formaldehyde Risk Assessment in Indoor\/Outdoor Environment in Cairo","volume":"35-37","author":"Saleh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glohj.2022.01.003","article-title":"Environmental health perspectives for low-and middle-income countries","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0465","first-page":"374","article-title":"Physicochemical and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of fine fraction from a municipal solid waste dumpsite for potential reclamation of materials","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2022.07.029","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbonization of the wet fraction from mixed municipal solid waste: Hydrochar characteristics and energy balance","volume":"151","author":"\u015aliz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0480","series-title":"Ensayo de toxicidad aguda con semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) Ensayos toxicol\u00f3gicos y m\u00e9todos de evaluaci\u00f3n de calidad de aguas. IDRC\/IMTA. Canad\u00e1","first-page":"71","volume":"4","author":"Sobrero","year":"2004"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2010.07.014","article-title":"Studies on the synthesis and curing of epoxidized novolac vinyl ester resin from renewable resource material","volume":"46","author":"Sultania","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-022-00435-0","article-title":"Oxidative degradation of phenols and substituted phenols in the water and atmosphere: a review","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4510","DOI":"10.3390\/en14154510","article-title":"Municipal solid waste thermal analysis\u2014pyrolysis kinetics and decomposition reactions","volume":"14","author":"Sygu\u0142a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.12.024","article-title":"Phenol induced physiological stress in hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)\u2014part 2","volume":"232","author":"Tadi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2006.05.042","article-title":"Physico-chemical characterization of lignins from different sources for use in phenol-formaldehyde resin synthesis","volume":"98","author":"Tejado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.02.040","article-title":"Reduction of compost phytotoxicity during the process of decomposition","volume":"79","author":"Tiquia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135826","article-title":"Foaming at the mouth: ingestion of floral foam microplastics by aquatic animals","volume":"705","author":"Trestrail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0520","author":"UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0525","author":"USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0530","author":"USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb9000","series-title":"What should I know about formaldehyde and indoor air quality?","author":"USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0535","series-title":"Method 3030E. Nitric Acid Digestion. 23\u00b0 Edition","author":"USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0545","author":"WHO (World Health Organization)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0550","series-title":"Selected pollutants. WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality","first-page":"103","article-title":"Formaldehyde","author":"WHO (World Health Organization)","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0570","article-title":"Characteristics and kinetics of pyrolysis of municipal solid waste","volume":"1-13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Sources, Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106137","article-title":"Enhanced cytotoxicity of photoaged phenol-formaldehyde resins microplastics: combined effects of environmentally persistent free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and conjugated carbonyls","volume":"145","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16091255","article-title":"An overview of recycling phenolic resin","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725003511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725003511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T11:28:28Z","timestamp":1760786908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969725003511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0048969725003511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chemical characterization and phytotoxicity assay of Novolac phenolic foam resin from healthcare services: Challenging environmental liability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178717","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178717"}}