{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1791260312456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002388","name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T22:39:50Z","timestamp":1740868790000},"page":"178975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Worst case scenario for chronic mixed ecotoxicity, assessment of ecological and human health risks from contaminants in an important economic harbor connected to the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"970","author":[{"given":"Gehan M.","family":"El Zokm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada F.","family":"El-Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"El-Gharabawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Okbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Hamouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111926","article-title":"Groundwater fluoride chemistry and health risk assessment of multi-aquifers in Jilin Qianan, Northeastern China","volume":"211","author":"Adeyeye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(89)90233-7","article-title":"Studies on redistribution during the analytical fractionation of metals in sediments","volume":"87\u201388","author":"Ajay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.02.056","article-title":"Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of organochlorine pesticide residues in processed cereal-based complementary foods for infants and young children in Ghana","volume":"132","author":"Akoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0020","first-page":"39","article-title":"Geochemical characterization of condensates and gases in Abu Qir Concession in the western offshore, Nile Delta, Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Technol. (JPST)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144716","article-title":"Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms","volume":"775","author":"Alvarado-Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136459","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at different growth stages of pacific white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): first report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment","volume":"308","author":"Arisekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1021\/es2034125","article-title":"Predictive environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures: a conceptual framework","volume":"46","author":"Backhaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.114647","article-title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and speciation in coastal invertebrates: implications for trophic magnification in a marine food web","volume":"188","author":"Bradford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151161","article-title":"Environmental risk assessment of neonicotinoids in surface water","volume":"809","author":"Casillas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34548","article-title":"Techniques for quantification of organochlorine pesticides from a validated method by using gas chromatography-electron capture detector","volume":"10","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4236\/ijg.2010.11002","article-title":"Sedimentation processes at the navigation channel of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Port, Nile Delta, Egypt","volume":"1","author":"Deabes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Geosci. (IJG)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.115910","article-title":"Spatial distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of River Ganges, India: occurrence, contamination, source identification, seasonal variations, mapping, and ecological risk evaluation","volume":"198","author":"Debnath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.112217","article-title":"Assessment of the heavy metal pollution degree and potential health risk implications in lakes and fish from northern Romania","volume":"12","author":"Dippong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0070","series-title":"Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment Part II","author":"EC (European Commission)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0075","series-title":"Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment. Chapter R.16: Environmental Exposure Assessment Version 3.0","author":"ECHA (European Chemical Agency)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0080","first-page":"557","article-title":"Assessment of n-alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated in the surface sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast","volume":"1","author":"El Nemr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blue Biotechnol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2175\/106143016X14798353399458","article-title":"Assessment and ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment and molluscs from the Mediterranean Coast","volume":"89","author":"El Nemr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2175\/106143016X14504669767977","article-title":"Risk assessment of organochlorines in mollusk from the Mediterranean and Red Sea Coasts of Egypt","volume":"89","author":"El Nemr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.048","article-title":"The distribution, contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and shellfish from the Red Sea coast, Egypt","volume":"165","author":"El Nemr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34738","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18634-z","article-title":"Seaweed as bioindicators of organic micropollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP)","volume":"29","author":"El Zokm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2022.105687","article-title":"A comparative study, distribution, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and contamination assessment of phenol with heavy metal contents in two coastal areas on the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast","volume":"179","author":"El Zokm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2024.106535","article-title":"A comparative study of surfactant distribution and fate (western and eastern) Egyptian Mediterranean coasts focusing on its environmental toxicity","volume":"198","author":"El Zokm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-024-03750-9","article-title":"Ecological implications of boron and sulfur in sediments from a lake in the Nile Delta: remote sensing, fractionation and ecotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"El Zokm","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116372","article-title":"Impact of land development along the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt regarding surfactant sources, interfering elements and ecotoxicity","volume":"203","author":"El Zokm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-015-0146-1","article-title":"Environmental management of offshore gas platforms in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt","volume":"20","author":"Elbisy","year":"2016","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"issue":"57","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-21880-w","article-title":"Horizontal and vertical segregation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast","volume":"29","author":"El-Maradny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.114658","article-title":"Spatial distribution, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast","volume":"188","author":"El-Maradny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2013.858561","article-title":"Assessment of fluoride in three selected polluted environments along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea: effects on local populations","volume":"20","author":"El-Sadaawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2013.742719","article-title":"Bioavailability of heavy metals in fresh water Tilapia nilotica (Oreachromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758): potential risk to fishermen and consumers","volume":"48","author":"El-Sadaawy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health\/Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.708253","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of key metals and other contaminants by seaweeds from the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea Coast in relation to human health risk","volume":"19","author":"El-Said","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.691839","article-title":"Seasonal variation of boron and fluoride in Tilapia nilotica from an Egyptian fish farm in relation to human health hazard assessment","volume":"19","author":"El-Said","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/02757541003785791","article-title":"A comparative study between the levels of some heavy metals in the sediments of two Egyptian contaminated environments","volume":"26","author":"El-Said","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0160","first-page":"569","article-title":"Incorporation of fluoride and boron into surface sediments along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast","volume":"36","author":"El-Said","year":"2010","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2015.02.004","article-title":"The effect of fluoride on the distribution of some minerals in the surface water of an Egyptian lagoon at the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"41","author":"El-Said","year":"2015","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8102081","article-title":"Anomalous fluctuation of halogens in relation to the pollution status along Lake Mariout","volume":"2020","author":"El-Said","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-021-08935-0","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of some dissolved salts and minerals in Lake Edku connected to Mediterranean Sea: in relation to different pollutant inputs","volume":"193","author":"El-Said","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02126-7","article-title":"Human health implication of major and trace elements present in commercial crustaceans of a traditional seafood marketing region, Egypt","volume":"199","author":"El-Said","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2023.106029","article-title":"Abnormal fluoride distribution, human health risk assessment, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and environmental hazards in an Egyptian lake connected to the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"188","author":"El-Said","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116816","article-title":"Ecotoxicological, ecological, and human health risks of total carbohydrates and some inorganic pollutants on the Nile Delta region along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast","volume":"207","author":"El-Said","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142334","article-title":"Comprehensive risk assessment and interactions of fluoride and boron ions in the water-sediments interface: the Red Sea, Egypt","volume":"359","author":"El-Said","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0200","series-title":"Guide Lines for Environmental Management, Determination for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCPs) in Waste Oil by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector, EPA Victoria, October 2003, Victoria 3006, Australia","first-page":"1","author":"EPA Victoria procedure 6013","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.9734\/jamcs\/2021\/v36i330351","article-title":"Principal component factor analysis of some development factors in Southern Nigeria and its extension to regression analysis","volume":"36","author":"Eze","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Comput. Sci. (JAMCS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2022.105394","article-title":"Characterization, source and risk assessments of sediment contaminants (PCDD\/Fs, DL-PCBs, PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, metals) in the urban water supply area","volume":"143","author":"G\u00fczel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107367","article-title":"A QSAR\u2013ICE\u2013SSD model prediction of the PNECs for alkylphenol substances and application in ecological risk assessment for rivers of a megacity","volume":"167","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0220","series-title":"Standard Operating Procedure for Determination of Trace Metals, A Training Course on the Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological and Sediment Samples for MEDPol","first-page":"46","author":"IAEA","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2015.1107714","article-title":"Apportionment of geochemistry, texture\u2019s properties, and risk assessment of some elements in surface sediments from Bardawil Lagoon, Egypt","volume":"22","author":"Khalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325887","article-title":"Sample preparation and analytical techniques for determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soils","volume":"2","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.06.567","article-title":"Framework for ecotoxicological risk assessment of ionic liquids","volume":"148","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168222","article-title":"Aquatic thresholds for ionisable substances, such as diclofenac, should consider pH-specific differences in uptake and toxicity","volume":"908","author":"Kroll","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147911","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants","volume":"789","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620191028","article-title":"Classifying the probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality quidelines","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.115764","article-title":"Navigating the PAH maze: bioaccumulation, risks, and review of the quality guidelines in marine ecosystems with a spotlight on the Brazilian coastline","volume":"197","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2024.09.008","article-title":"Short-term anomalous ecotoxicity and ecological risks from phosphorus in the surface sediments in Rosetta and Damietta Estuaries, East Mediterranean Egypt","volume":"50","author":"Magdy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-020-00326-5","article-title":"Mixture toxicity in the Erft River: assessment of ecological risks and toxicity drivers","volume":"32","author":"Markert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0275","author":"Nagpal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3917","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-021-03056-0","article-title":"Phosphorus geochemical forms and potential bioavailability in surface sediments from Edku Lagoon, Egypt, regarding diagnostic ratios (Fe:P, S:Fe, and OC:OP)","volume":"21","author":"Okbah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0285","series-title":"A Manual of Chemical and Biological Method for Seawater Analysis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determination of petroleum hydrocarbons","author":"Parsons","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0290","series-title":"Manila Bay: Initial Risk Assessment. PEMSEA Technical Information Report No. 2001\/01","author":"PEMSEA","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117803","article-title":"Prioritization and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals mixtures from Brazilian surface waters","volume":"288","author":"Reis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-7-63","article-title":"Limit of detection and limit of quantification development procedures for organochlorine pesticides analysis in water and sediment matrices","volume":"7","author":"Saadati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4537-z","article-title":"Detection of persistent OCPs and PCBs congeners in the near-shore coastal waters of Alexandria, Egypt","volume":"187","author":"Said","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2017.1316184","article-title":"Distribution of organochlorines and ecological risks in surface sediments from El-Mex Bay, Mediterranean Sea","volume":"23","author":"Said","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2023.e00217","article-title":"Scientometric review: concentration and toxicity assessment in environmental non-targeted LC\/HRMS analysis","volume":"40","author":"Sepman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0320","first-page":"19","article-title":"OCPs and PCBs in seawater from Egyptian Mediterranean coast of Alexandria","volume":"1","author":"Shreadah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Devel. Analyt. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-35648-x","article-title":"Long-term efects of petroleum mulch on concentration, health, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sand dune soils of Khuzestan province, Iran","volume":"32","author":"Soleimani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11070563","article-title":"Optimized derivation of predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using HC10 based on acute toxicity data","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23937-2","article-title":"Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: an ecotoxicological risk assessment in Mili\u00e7 Wetland, Samsun, T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"30","author":"Topaldemir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0340","series-title":"Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. EPA\/600\/R-93\/089.9","author":"USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0345","author":"USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0350","series-title":"Method 3620c, Florisil Cleanup","author":"USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116514","article-title":"Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediments of a river system in T\u00fcrkiye: integrating toxicological risk assessment and source identification","volume":"203","author":"Ustao\u011flu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(03)00359-X","article-title":"The evaluation of the equilibrium partitioning method using sensitivity distributions of species in water and soil","volume":"52","author":"van Beelen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115716","article-title":"Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water environment: a review on toxicity, microbial biodegradation, systematic biological advancements, and environmental fate","volume":"227","author":"Vijayanand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0370","series-title":"Technical Data Report, Human Health Risk Assessment, Enbridge Northern Gateway Project","author":"Yee","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12557","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1421-8","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multi-phases from the drinking water source area of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in South China: distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.11.085","article-title":"Pollution analysis of metals in the sediments of lagoon lakes in T\u00fcrkiye: toxicological risk assessment and source insights","volume":"193","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17023-2","article-title":"Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of \u00c7avu\u015flu stream in Giresun, Turkey: association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation","volume":"29","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116488","article-title":"Appraisal of metallic accumulation in the surface sediment of a fish breeding dam in T\u00fcrkiye: a stochastical approach to ecotoxicological risk assessment","volume":"203","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111473","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the East China Sea: a review","volume":"159","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725006102?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725006102?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T05:53:36Z","timestamp":1741845216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969725006102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0048969725006102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Worst case scenario for chronic mixed ecotoxicity, assessment of ecological and human health risks from contaminants in an important economic harbor connected to the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178975","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"178975"}}