{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:19:23Z","timestamp":1792199963125,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001298","name":"Presbyterian Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001298","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019652","name":"Oklahoma State Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T20:31:22Z","timestamp":1747773082000},"page":"179707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Wastewater surveillance as a tool for understanding West Nile virus transmission and distribution in Oklahoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"983","author":[{"given":"Katrin Gaardbo","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilson","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Bohanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LeMac\u2019","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaine","family":"Bolding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Maytubby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0005","series-title":"Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater: Methods Optimisation and Quality Control Are Crucial for Generating Reliable Public Health Information","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01328-14","article-title":"Isolation of West Nile virus from urine samples of patients with acute infection","volume":"52","author":"Barzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00386-X","article-title":"Wastewater concentrations of human influenza, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and seasonal coronavirus nucleic-acids during the COVID-19 pandemic: a surveillance study","volume":"4","author":"Boehm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_642_19","article-title":"Global emergence of West Nile virus: threat & preparedness in special perspective to India","volume":"154","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0025","author":"Data and Maps | West Nile Virus | CDC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01940-x","article-title":"Wastewater surveillance of pathogens can inform public health responses","volume":"28","author":"Diamond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxad275","article-title":"The detection of Japanese encephalitis virus in municipal wastewater during an acute disease outbreak","volume":"134","author":"Fanok","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-147","article-title":"Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: a comparison of methods","volume":"14","author":"Gibbons","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070589","article-title":"West Nile virus: an update on pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control and \u201cone health\u201d implications","volume":"9","author":"Habarugira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015437","article-title":"Economic conditions predict prevalence of West Nile virus","volume":"5","author":"Harrigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307860","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for wastewater monitoring of influenza viruses during the multistate outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and poultry","volume":"114","author":"Honein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12619","article-title":"Detection limits of quantitative and digital PCR assays and their influence in presence-absence surveys of environmental DNA","volume":"17","author":"Hunter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307141","article-title":"Wastewater surveillance\u2014\u201cmessy\u201d science with public health potential","volume":"113","author":"Keck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307760","article-title":"Optimizing wastewater surveillance: the necessity of standardized reporting and proficiency for public health","volume":"114","author":"Keenum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e976","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00170-5","article-title":"Wastewater monitoring can anchor global disease surveillance systems","volume":"11","author":"Keshaviah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac175","article-title":"Wastewater surveillance for infectious disease: a systematic review","volume":"192","author":"Kilaru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz151","article-title":"Introduction, spread, and establishment of West Nile virus in the Americas","volume":"56","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151431","article-title":"Predicting COVID-19 cases in diverse population groups using SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring across Oklahoma City","volume":"812","author":"Kuhn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092193","article-title":"Using wastewater surveillance to monitor gastrointestinal pathogen infections in the state of Oklahoma","volume":"11","author":"Kuhn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115899","article-title":"Coronavirus in water environments: occurrence, persistence and concentration methods - a scoping review","volume":"179","author":"La Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118904","article-title":"Monitoring human arboviral diseases through wastewater surveillance: challenges, progress and future opportunities","volume":"223","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.128","article-title":"Modeled and measured SARS-CoV-2 virus in septic tank systems for wastewater surveillance","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.8.1218","article-title":"West Nile virus in new York City","volume":"92","author":"Lopez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011880","article-title":"West Nile virus spread in Europe: Phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.1.2.145","article-title":"West Nile virus infection and its neurological manifestations","volume":"1","author":"Madden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClary-Gutierrez, J.S., Mattioli, M.C., Marcenac, P., Silverman, A.I., Boehm, A.B., Bibby, K., Balliet, M., Reyes, F.L. De Los, Gerrity, D., Griffith, J.F., Holden, P.A., Katehis, D., Kester, G., LaCross, N., Lipp, E.K., Meiman, J., Noble, R.T., Brossard, D., McLellan, S.L., n.d. SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance for Public Health Action - Volume 27, Number 9\u2014September 2021 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2709.210753.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210753"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-03407-6","article-title":"Dengue is spreading in Europe: how worried should we be?","author":"Naddaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.07.005","article-title":"Genome-wide real-time PCR for West Nile virus reduces the false negative rate and facilitates new strain discovery","volume":"169","author":"Papin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.90.2333.258","article-title":"Poliomyelitic virus in sewage","volume":"90","author":"Paul","year":"1939","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz085","article-title":"Epidemiology of West Nile virus in the United States: implications for Arbovirology and public health","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.128124.111","article-title":"Cost-effective, high-throughput DNA sequencing libraries for multiplexed target capture","volume":"22","author":"Rohland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15022","article-title":"Evaluation of a new West Nile virus nucleic acid test for screening of blood donations","volume":"59","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164495","article-title":"Monitoring influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in wastewater. Beyond COVID-19","volume":"892","author":"Toribio-Avedillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitehouse, E.R., Gerloff, N., English, R., Reckling, S.K., Alazawi, M.A., Fuschino, M., George, K.S., Lang, D., Rosenberg, E.S., Omoregie, E., Rosen, J.B., Kitter, A., Korban, C., Pacilli, M., Jeon, T., Coyle, J., Faust, R.A., Xagoraraki, I., Miyani, B., Williams, C., Wendt, J., Owens, S.M., Wilton, R., Poretsky, R., Sosa, L., Kudish, K., Juthani, M., Zaremski, E.F., Kehler, S.E., Bayoumi, N.S., Kidd, S., n.d. Wastewater Surveillance for Poliovirus in Selected Jurisdictions, United States, 2022\u20132023 - Volume 30, Number 11\u2014November 2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - CDC. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid3011.240771.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3011.240771"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0175","author":"Wolfe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wastewater detection of emerging arbovirus infections: Case study of Dengue in the United States."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2213882","article-title":"Use of wastewater for Mpox outbreak surveillance in California","volume":"388","author":"Wolfe","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105020","article-title":"Case report: Zika surveillance complemented with wastewater and mosquito testing","volume":"101","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725013488?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725013488?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T04:26:35Z","timestamp":1778473595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969725013488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0048969725013488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wastewater surveillance as a tool for understanding West Nile virus transmission and distribution in Oklahoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179707","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179707"}}