{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:58:17Z","timestamp":1786996697653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-NHRI11301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-NHRI11301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-1137315C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1137315C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-YM1130105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-YM1130105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-113G211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-113G211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-NCHU1137618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-NCHU1137618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T06:02:02Z","timestamp":1750831322000},"page":"179975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prenatal exposure to air pollution and pediatric acute leukemia: A nationwide study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"992","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Chien","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Szu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Chia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Che","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101604","article-title":"Air pollution and childhood leukaemia: a nationwide case-control study in Italy","volume":"70","author":"Badaloni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000893","article-title":"Natural history and cell of origin of TC F3-ZN F384 and PTPN11 mutations in monozygotic twins with concordant BCP-ALL","volume":"134","author":"Bueno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0015","article-title":"Particulate matter, an intrauterine toxin affecting foetal development and beyond","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.03.029","article-title":"Maternal exposure to particulate matter alters early post-natal lung function and immune cell development","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016454","article-title":"Tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Chunxia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408582","article-title":"In utero and early-life exposure to ambient air toxics and childhood brain tumors: a population-based case-control study in California, USA","volume":"124","author":"von Ehrenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70265-7","article-title":"Risk of late effects of treatment in children newly diagnosed with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort","volume":"15","author":"Essig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4381","article-title":"Association between outdoor air pollution and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and dose-response Meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Filippini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0045","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113025","article-title":"Prenatal air pollution exposure and placental DNA methylation changes: implications on fetal development and future disease susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"Ghazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt129","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of early childhood cancers","volume":"178","author":"Ghosh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0060","author":"Health Promotion Administration MoHaW"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-019-09841-1","article-title":"Insights into the prenatal origin of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Hein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","article-title":"Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165392","article-title":"Effects of indoor air quality and home environmental characteristics on allergic diseases among preschool children in the greater Taipei area","volume":"897","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.06.025","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in placental vascular development and function","volume":"32","author":"Krause","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.01.004","article-title":"Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of early childhood cancers: a population-based study in Ontario","volume":"100","author":"Lavigne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Canada. Environ Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61151-7","article-title":"Forecasting air quality in Taiwan by using machine learning","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07010","article-title":"Endogenous nitric oxide can enhance oxidative stress caused by air pollutants and explain higher susceptibility of individuals with inflammatory disorders","volume":"58","author":"Lelieveld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.10.109","article-title":"Impact of ambient PM(2.5) on adverse birth outcome and potential molecular mechanism","volume":"169","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00031","article-title":"Heme oxygenase\/carbon monoxide system and development of the heart","volume":"15","author":"Mahan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medical Gas Research."},{"issue":"10230","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)33018-1","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"395","author":"Malard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0115","author":"Ministry of Environment RoCT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0120","author":"Ministry of the Interior DoS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0125","author":"Ministry of the Interior RoCT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40748-017-0072-y","article-title":"Serum nitric oxide levels in healthy pregnant women: a case-control study in a tertiary facility in Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Owusu Darkwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108960","article-title":"Association between air pollution exposure and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics","volume":"181","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00245","article-title":"The effect of chronic ozone exposure on the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in rat hippocampus","volume":"8","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.06.011","article-title":"Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation","volume":"167","author":"Ryter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos15070751","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and childhood leukemia incidence","volume":"15","author":"Sanz Olea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0155","series-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change","author":"Seinfeld","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0160","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computation of the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI)","author":"(Singapore) NEA","year":"2014","journal-title":"National Environment Agency"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010236","article-title":"In utero origins of acute leukemia in children","volume":"12","author":"de Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans","volume":"1","author":"Smoke","year":"2004","journal-title":"IARC, Lyon."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183314","article-title":"Exposure to fine particulate matter in the air alters placental structure and the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"12","author":"Soto","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00664-0","article-title":"Association of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular disease risks in people with type 2 diabetes: a Bayesian spatial survival analysis","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12547","article-title":"Research recommendations for selected IARC-classified agents: impact and lessons learned","volume":"131","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9727-1","article-title":"Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM 10 from vehicular traffic: a case\u2013control study in an Italian population","volume":"27","author":"Vinceti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7958","article-title":"Nitric oxide in hematological cancers: partner or rival?","volume":"34","author":"Vivarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00038","article-title":"Why Do intrauterine exposure to air pollution and cigarette Smoke increase the risk of asthma?","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0205","article-title":"Maternal mortality in Taiwan: a Nationwide Data Linkage Study","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.981","article-title":"Inflammatory health effects of indoor and outdoor particulate matter","volume":"141","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.837101","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution and immune thrombocytopenia: a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"10","author":"Yen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725016158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725016158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T14:07:58Z","timestamp":1756390078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969725016158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0048969725016158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution and pediatric acute leukemia: A nationwide study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179975","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"179975"}}