{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:20:04Z","timestamp":1793388004107,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T20:21:16Z","timestamp":1763670076000},"page":"180882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fate of nanoparticles in aqueous environments: Stability, physicochemical interactions, and separation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1007","author":[{"given":"Pegah","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Behin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01003","article-title":"Stabilization of Ag\u2013Au bimetallic nanocrystals in aquatic environments mediated by dissolved organic matter: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"52","author":"Alivio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105591","article-title":"Instability of \u03b2\u2013phase silver iodide nanoparticles in an aqueous medium by ozone","volume":"9","author":"Amiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34838","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12475-y","article-title":"Assessment of aqueous phase ozonation on aggregation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles","volume":"28","author":"Amiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.131995","article-title":"Degradation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated iron oxide nanoparticles through ozonation: steric to electrosteric repulsion and electrostatic interactions","volume":"675","author":"Amiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.378","article-title":"Environmental impacts of an advanced oxidation process as tertiary treatment in a wastewater treatment plant","volume":"694","author":"Arzate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.022","article-title":"Aggregation and disaggregation of iron oxide nanoparticles: influence of particle concentration, pH and natural organic matter","volume":"407","author":"Baalousha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.07.053","article-title":"Speeding up the magnetic sedimentation of surface-modified iron-based nanoparticles","volume":"188","author":"Bakhteeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.02.043","article-title":"Magnetic sedimentation of nonmagnetic TiO2 nanoparticles in water by heteroaggregation with Fe-based nanoparticles","author":"Bakhteeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0045","series-title":"Systems of Nanovesicular Drug Delivery, Chapter 13 - Aquasomes: A Nanoparticulate Approach for Therapeutic Applications","first-page":"207","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148560","article-title":"Behavior of engineered nanoparticles in aquatic environmental samples: current status and challenges","volume":"793","author":"Bathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S185965","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: aggregation behavior in biorelevant conditions and its impact on biological activity","volume":"14","author":"B\u00e9lteky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0060","series-title":"Nanomaterials, Chapter 1.- Introduction","first-page":"1","author":"Benelmekki","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9618","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9016456","article-title":"Differential magnetic catch and release: analysis and separation of magnetic nanoparticles","volume":"81","author":"Beveridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.10.011","article-title":"Interaction of engineered nanoparticles with various components of the environment and possible strategies for their risk assessment","volume":"82","author":"Bhatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12020296","article-title":"Simultaneous influence of gradients in natural organic matter and abiotic parameters on the behavior of silver nanoparticles in the transition zone from freshwater to saltwater environments","volume":"12","author":"\u010carapar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.11.003","article-title":"Aggregation behaviour of engineered nanoparticles in natural waters: characterising aggregate structure using on-line laser light scattering","volume":"284","author":"Chekli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2014.454","article-title":"Stability of Fe-oxide nanoparticles coated with natural organic matter under relevant environmental conditions","volume":"70","author":"Chekli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115217","article-title":"Stability, aggregation, and sedimentation behaviors of typical nano metal oxide particles in aqueous environment","volume":"316","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0095","article-title":"Why only solubility parameters? Liquid-phase exfoliation from the point of view of colloidal chemistry","volume":"38","author":"Damasceno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.02.074","article-title":"Interactions and stability of silver nanoparticles in the aqueous phase: influence of natural organic matter (NOM) and ionic strength","volume":"1218","author":"Delay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1021\/es8023594","article-title":"Aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: role of a fulvic acid","volume":"43","author":"Domingos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12100757","article-title":"Oxidative dissolution and the aggregation of silver nanoparticles in drinking and natural waters: the influence of the medium on the process development","volume":"12","author":"Ershov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2009.07.004","article-title":"A review of polymeric dispersant stabilisation of titania pigment","volume":"151","author":"Farrokhpay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1166\/jcsb.2014.1090","article-title":"Nanoparticle properties, behavior, fate in aquatic systems and characterization methods","volume":"3","author":"Fatehah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Colloid Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0125","article-title":"Global production, environmental release, and risk implications of engineered nanomaterials","volume":"65","author":"Feculak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0130","article-title":"Impact of pH on the stability, dissolution and aggregation kinetics of silver nanoparticles","author":"Fernando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1039\/C3EN00106G","article-title":"Influence of different types of natural organic matter on titania nanoparticle stability: effects of counter ion concentration and pH","volume":"1","author":"Gallego-Urrea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2014.07.015","article-title":"Aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of functionalized nanoparticles","volume":"222","author":"Gambinossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.201700212","article-title":"Cooperative and reversible anisotropic assembly of gold nanoparticles by modulation of noncovalent interparticle interactions","volume":"3","author":"Gentili","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11071154","article-title":"Surface modifications of nanoparticles for stability in biological fluids","volume":"11","author":"Guerrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2022.28123","article-title":"Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the coagulation of ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous matrix","volume":"248","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01496","article-title":"Effects of humic and fulvic acids on silver nanoparticle stability, dissolution, and toxicity","volume":"49","author":"Gunsolus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2020.100242","article-title":"Colloidal stability of capped silver nanoparticles in natural organic matter-containing electrolyte solutions","volume":"19","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2022.110608","article-title":"A study of nanofluid stability in low-salinity water to enhance oil recovery: an extended physicochemical approach","volume":"215","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of surface forces and the DLVO theory","volume":"9","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemTexts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15109","DOI":"10.1021\/la102912u","article-title":"Electrostatic stabilization of charged colloidal particles with adsorbed polyelectrolytes of opposite charge","volume":"26","author":"Hierrezuelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.05.059","article-title":"Transport, retention, and long-term release behavior of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles in saturated quartz sand: the impact of natural organic matters and electrolyte","volume":"229","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0190","series-title":"Fundamentals and Transport Properties of Nanofluids, Chapter 2 - Stability of Nanofluids","first-page":"41","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122267","article-title":"Environmental fate, transport, impacts, and future perspectives of engineered nanoparticles in surface waters","volume":"285","author":"Irumva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0200","series-title":"Ultananocrystalline Diamond, Chapter 14 - Nanodiamond Nanoparticles as Additives to Lubricants","first-page":"457","author":"Ivanov","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.02.068","article-title":"Environmental dynamics of metal oxide nanoparticles in heterogeneous systems: a review","volume":"322","author":"Joo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1021\/es902987d","article-title":"Stability and aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural aqueous matrices","volume":"44","author":"Keller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3390\/pr6090170","article-title":"Influence of organic ligands on the colloidal stability and removal of ZnO nanoparticles from synthetic waters by coagulation","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2014.0288","article-title":"Titanium dioxide nanoparticle removal in primary prefiltration stages of water treatment: Role of coating, natural organic matter, source water, and solution chemistry","volume":"32","author":"Kinsinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1021\/la046911u","article-title":"Super-stoichiometric charge neutralization in particle-polyelectrolyte systems","volume":"21","author":"Kleimann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.62","article-title":"Stability of nanoparticles in water","volume":"5","author":"Labille","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126511","article-title":"Deviation of nanoparticle aggregation from XDLVO theory as explained by dissolved organic matter adsorption and fractionation","volume":"379","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0240","series-title":"Practical Aspects of Vaccine Development","first-page":"225","article-title":"Suspension properties and characterization of aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines","author":"Langford","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2012.11.065","article-title":"A preliminary assessment of the interactions between the capping agents of silver nanoparticles and environmental organics","volume":"435","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.3390\/app10186431","article-title":"Influence of NOM on the stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles in ecotoxicity tests","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.080","article-title":"Influences of water properties on the aggregation and deposition of engineered titanium dioxide nanoparticles in natural waters","volume":"219","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12789","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04130","article-title":"Aqueous aggregation behavior of engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: effects of oxidative surface aging","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121973","article-title":"Interactions of CeO2 nanoparticles with natural colloids and electrolytes impact their aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability","volume":"386","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0270","article-title":"Degradation of nano-sized polystyrene plastics by ozonation or chlorination in drinking water disinfection processes","volume":"427","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.129920","article-title":"Applications of coagulation-sedimentation and ultrafiltration for the removal of nanoparticles from water","volume":"357","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5917","DOI":"10.1021\/es800329c","article-title":"Tannic acid adsorption and its role for stabilizing carbon nanotube suspensions","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.05.006","article-title":"Combining spatially resolved hydrochemical data with in-vitro nanoparticle stability testing: assessing environmental behavior of functionalized gold nanoparticles on a continental scale","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0290","article-title":"Understanding the solvent molecules induced spontaneous growth of uncapped tellurium nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.02.162","article-title":"Effects of phosphate on the dispersion stability and coagulation\/flocculation\/sedimentation removal efficiency of anatase nanoparticles","volume":"224","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154976","article-title":"Aggregation of varied organic coated magnetite nanoparticles: adsorbed mass and thickness of coatings and interactions with natural organic matter","volume":"831","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31275-7","article-title":"Breaking the nanoparticle\u2019s dispersible limit via rotatable surface ligands","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161814","article-title":"Colloidal stability and aggregation behavior of CdS colloids in aquatic systems: Effects of macromolecules, cations, and pH","volume":"869","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.131","article-title":"Effect of polymer coating composition on the aggregation rates of Ag nanoparticles in NaCl solutions and seawaters","volume":"631\u2013632","author":"Lodeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133089","article-title":"Recent developments in the removal of metal-based engineered nanoparticles from the aquatic environments by adsorption","volume":"291","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12142348","article-title":"Testing an iron oxide nanoparticle-based method for magnetic separation of nanoplastics and microplastics from water","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-2054-y","article-title":"Sedimentation and aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles in water by a gradient magnetic field","volume":"15","author":"Medvedeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0335","series-title":"Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, Chapter 4 - Dynamics and Kinetics","first-page":"4","author":"Minor","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23812-0","article-title":"Ozonation\/UV irradiation of dispersed Ag\/AgI nanoparticles in water resources: stability and aggregation","volume":"30","author":"Mokhtarizad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00487F","article-title":"Nanoparticle colloidal stability in cell culture media and impact on cellular interactions","volume":"44","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061933X11020098","article-title":"Interaction of silver nanoparticles with ozone in aqueous solution","volume":"73","author":"Morozov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloid J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-021-01289-6","article-title":"Magnetic nanoadsorbents for micropollutant removal in real water treatment: a review","author":"Mudhoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EN00215F","article-title":"Biological and environmental media control oxide nanoparticle surface composition: the roles of biological components (proteins and amino acids), inorganic oxyanions and humic acid","volume":"2","author":"Mudunkotuwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1039\/c2em00005a","article-title":"Effects of natural organic matter type and concentration on the aggregation of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Nason","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2016.1260588","article-title":"Occurrence and removal of engineered nanoparticles in drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.10.003","article-title":"Influence of water chemistry on the environmental behaviors of commercial ZnO nanoparticles in various water and wastewater samples","volume":"322","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3390\/nano7100326","article-title":"Transformation of CuO nanoparticles in the aquatic environment: Influence of pH, electrolytes and natural organic matter","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129011","article-title":"Nanoplastics removal during drinking water treatment: laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments and modeling","volume":"436","author":"Pulido-Reyes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs6010026","article-title":"Role of solvent polarity on dispersion quality and stability of functionalized carbon nanotubes","volume":"6","author":"Rajendran","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Compos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.11.061","article-title":"An experimental study on the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles under environmentally relevant conditions","volume":"47","author":"Romanello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4236\/anp.2019.82002","article-title":"Removal of stabilized silver nanoparticles from surface water by conventional treatment processes","volume":"8","author":"Salih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nanopart."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2019.102049","article-title":"Role of surfactant in controlling the deposition pattern of a particle-laden droplet: fundamentals and strategies","volume":"275","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.121667","article-title":"The effect of multivalent anions on removal of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from drinking water sources by coagulation-sedimentation processes: efficacy and mechanisms","volume":"298","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EN00659A","article-title":"Nanoparticle size and natural organic matter composition determine aggregation behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated platinum nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Sikder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.279","article-title":"Nanoparticle stability in lake water shaped by natural organic matter properties and presence of particulate matter","volume":"656","author":"Slomberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CP42625K","article-title":"Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101285","article-title":"Removal of a mixture of metal nanoparticles from natural surface waters using traditional coagulation process","volume":"36","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.12.018","article-title":"Removal of colloidal biogenic selenium from wastewater","volume":"125","author":"Staicu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1021\/es102603p","article-title":"Interactions between natural organic matter and gold nanoparticles stabilized with different organic capping agents","volume":"45","author":"Stankus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.07.066","article-title":"Removal of silver nanoparticles by coagulation processes","volume":"261","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-018-1029-8","article-title":"Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119480","article-title":"Enhanced coagulation for TiO2-NPs removal by using a hybrid flocculant","volume":"277","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0460","article-title":"Copper oxide nanoparticles removal by coagulation and optimization by matter\u2013element analysis model","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EN00180G","article-title":"Effects of surface coating character and interactions with natural organic matter on the colloidal stability of gold nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Surette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0470","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of surface area, primary particle size, and crystal phase on titanium dioxide nanoparticle dispersion properties","volume":"27","author":"Suttiponparnit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0475","series-title":"Basic Principles of Interface Science and Colloid Stability, Chapter 13 - Steric Stabilization","first-page":"259","author":"Tadros","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.02.072","article-title":"Influence of natural organic matter on the aggregation and deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles","volume":"189","author":"Thio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onano.2023.100190","article-title":"Nanotoxicity induced by nanomaterials: a review of factors affecting nanotoxicity and possible adaptations","volume":"14","author":"Thu","year":"2023","journal-title":"OpenNano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169331","article-title":"Review on fate, transport, toxicity and health risk of nanoparticles in natural ecosystems: emerging challenges in the modern age and solutions toward a sustainable environment","volume":"912","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.787","article-title":"Stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions","volume":"61","author":"Tso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2014.03.029","article-title":"Effects of pH, ionic strength and humic acid on the removal of TiO2 nanoparticles from aqueous phase by coagulation","volume":"450","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.048","article-title":"Interactions of natural organic matter on the surface of PVP-capped silver nanoparticle under different aqueous environment","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.02.084","article-title":"Effects of interactions between humic acid and heavy metal ions on the aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles in water environment","volume":"248","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.124897","article-title":"High efficient removal of silver nanoparticles by coagulation with tetraethylenepentamine modified silica","volume":"599","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0520","article-title":"Effect of particle size on the capture of uranium oxide colloidal particles from aqueous suspensions via high-gradient magnetic filtration","volume":"1","author":"Wiechert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. C Environ. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128876","article-title":"A comparative study on aggregation and sedimentation of natural goethite and artificial Fe3O4 nanoparticles in synthetic and natural waters based on extended Derjaguin\u2013Landau\u2013Verwey\u2013Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"435","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.07.037","article-title":"Aggregation behavior of engineered nanoparticles and their impact on activated sludge in wastewater treatment","volume":"119","author":"Xiao-hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1021\/la803701b","article-title":"Interactions of humic acid with nanosized inorganic oxides","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.10.031","article-title":"Effect of solvent chain length on the colloidal behavior of alkylamine-protected silver nanoparticles in alkanes: insights from solvent relaxation NMR","volume":"679","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-017-4065-6","article-title":"Agglomeration, colloidal stability, and magnetic separation of magnetic nanoparticles: collective influences on environmental engineering applications","volume":"19","author":"Yeap","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6581","DOI":"10.1021\/es5061287","article-title":"Particle coating-dependent interaction of molecular weight fractionated natural organic matter: impacts on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles","volume":"49","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14528","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b01504","article-title":"Efficient removal of TiO2 nanoparticles by enhanced flocculation\u2013coagulation","volume":"58","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0555","article-title":"Occurrence and removal of engineered nanoparticles in drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes: a review","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.10.025","article-title":"Aggregation and stability of selenium nanoparticles: complex roles of surface coating, electrolytes and natural organic matter","volume":"130","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.005","article-title":"Impact of natural organic matter and divalent cations on the stability of aqueous nanoparticles","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.11.037","article-title":"The effect of natural water conditions on the anti-bacterial performance and stability of silver nanoparticles capped with different polymers","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2022.103083","article-title":"Coagulation removal and recycling strategy of TiO2 nanoparticles based on Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide application","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Water Process Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140147","article-title":"Effects of Cr(VI) oxyanion, humic acid and solution chemistry on the aggregation and colloidal stability of green synthesized chlorapatite nanoparticles","volume":"342","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8131","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC02592E","article-title":"Colloidal stability of nanoparticles stabilized with mixed ligands in solvents with varying polarity","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261412","article-title":"Universal solvent restructuring induced by colloidal nanoparticles","volume":"347","author":"Zobel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725025227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969725025227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T14:29:32Z","timestamp":1764599372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969725025227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["S0048969725025227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fate of nanoparticles in aqueous environments: Stability, physicochemical interactions, and separation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180882","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"180882"}}