{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:22:53Z","timestamp":1788355373740,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,1]],"date-time":"2027-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1814400000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OIA-1656006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIA-1656006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021295","name":"Kansas Board of Regents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006829","name":"State of Kansas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:27:33Z","timestamp":1782944853000},"page":"181960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Soil anaerobic microsites mediate land use and precipitation effects on soil organic carbon on a regional scale"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1046","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9861-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terrance D.","family":"Loecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan N.","family":"Koenigsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Sikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"VanderPutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Leininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Avocat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon A.","family":"Billings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5562-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew F.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0005","author":"Barto\u0144"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39338-z","article-title":"A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene","volume":"14","author":"Beillouin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-024-01177-5","article-title":"Persistent biogeochemical signals of land use-driven, deep root losses illuminated by C and O isotopes of soil CO2 and O2","volume":"167","author":"Billings","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0025","author":"Daly, Christopher & National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/saj2.20007","article-title":"Soil health recovery after grassland reestablishment on cropland: the effects of time and topographic position","volume":"84","author":"De","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116493","article-title":"Relationship between soil CO2 fluxes and soil moisture: anaerobic sources explain fluxes at high water content","volume":"434","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(98)00243-9","article-title":"Biogenic iron mineralization accompanying the dissimilatory reduction of hydrous ferric oxide by a groundwater bacterium","volume":"62","author":"Fredrickson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-006-9010-y","article-title":"Land-use intensity effects on soil organic carbon accumulation rates and mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Grandy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-016-0251-3","article-title":"Drivers and patterns of iron redox cycling from surface to bedrock in a deep tropical forest soil: a new conceptual model","volume":"130","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-015-0120-5","article-title":"Reducing conditions, reactive metals, and their interactions can explain spatial patterns of surface soil carbon in a humid tropical forest","volume":"125","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1021\/es00058a023","article-title":"Speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in contaminated aquifer sediments using chemical-extraction techniques","volume":"28","author":"Heron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1201100407","article-title":"Causal mediation analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hicks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15100","article-title":"Trade-offs in soil carbon protection mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.12.002","article-title":"Anoxic microsites in upland soils dominantly controlled by clay content","volume":"118","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-015-0180-6","article-title":"Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils?","volume":"127","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anaerobic microsites have an unaccounted role in soil carbon stabilization","volume":"8","author":"Keiluweit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun.; London"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-38.x","article-title":"Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction","volume":"44","author":"Konert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2963","article-title":"Hotspots of soil N2O emission enhanced through water absorption by plant residue","volume":"10","author":"Kravchenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0074","article-title":"Impact of prairie age and soil order on carbon and nitrogen sequestration","volume":"71","author":"Kucharik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11459","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c01882","article-title":"Microbial proxies for anoxic microsites vary with management and partially explain soil carbon concentration","volume":"58","author":"Lacroix","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2025.117165","article-title":"Soil carbon concentration drives anoxic microsites across horizons, textures, and aggregate position in a California grassland","volume":"454","author":"Lacroix","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JG006674","article-title":"Mineral protection and resource limitations combine to explain profile-scale soil carbon persistence","volume":"127","author":"Lacroix","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146572","article-title":"Effects of moisture and physical disturbance on pore-scale oxygen content and anaerobic metabolisms in upland soils","volume":"780","author":"Lacroix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12512","article-title":"piecewiseSEM: piecewise structural equation modelling in r for ecology, evolution, and systematics","volume":"7","author":"Lefcheck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1984.03615995004800040019x","article-title":"Aerobic and anaerobic microbial populations in no-till and Plowed soils","volume":"48","author":"Linn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.51.4.683-689.1986","article-title":"Organic matter mineralization with reduction of ferric iron in anaerobic sediments","volume":"51","author":"Lovley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb4000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987","article-title":"Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments","volume":"53","author":"Lovley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-199910000-00002","article-title":"Carbon storage after long-term grass establishment on degraded soils","volume":"164","author":"Potter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0155","author":"R Core Team"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1986.03615995005000040039x","article-title":"Estimating generalized soil-water characteristics from texture","volume":"50","author":"Saxton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1985.03615995004900030024x","article-title":"Direct measurement of oxygen profiles and denitrification rates in soil Aggregates1","volume":"49","author":"Sexstone","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.1992.10415077","article-title":"Relative effectiveness of short-range ordered Mn(IV), Fe(III), Al, and Si oxides in the synthesis of humic acids from phenolic compounds","volume":"38","author":"Shindo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(00)00179-6","article-title":"Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture","volume":"32","author":"Six","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2018.10.020","article-title":"Using high-frequency soil oxygen sensors to predict greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands","volume":"128","author":"Smyth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116569","article-title":"Root distributions, precipitation, and soil structure converge to govern soil organic carbon depth distributions","volume":"437","author":"Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60289a016","article-title":"Ferrozine\u2014a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron","volume":"42","author":"Stookey","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02205580","article-title":"Anaerobic processes in soil","volume":"76","author":"Tiedje","year":"1984","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"Mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00873.x","article-title":"Anaerobic redox cycling of iron by freshwater sediment microorganisms","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-022-00929-5","article-title":"Surface soil organic carbon sequestration under post agricultural grasslands offset by net loss at depth","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241072","article-title":"Third-variable effect analysis with multilevel additive models","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726006248?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726006248?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:11:07Z","timestamp":1788354667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969726006248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0048969726006248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Soil anaerobic microsites mediate land use and precipitation effects on soil organic carbon on a regional scale","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181960","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"181960"}}