{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:22:29Z","timestamp":1788355349735,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004814","name":"State Water Resources Control Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-007-190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-007-190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:06:39Z","timestamp":1782457599000},"page":"181970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Correlation between microbial source tracking markers and pathogens at beaches and estuaries in southern California"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1046","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Loflen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Verbyla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0005","series-title":"Water and sanitation for the 21st century: health and microbiological aspects of excreta and wastewater management (global water pathogen project)","article-title":"Human and animal enteric viral markers for tracking the sources of faecal pollution","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139960","article-title":"Comparison of virus concentration methods for the RT-qPCR-based recovery of murine hepatitis virus, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 from untreated wastewater","volume":"739","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135390","article-title":"Sewage-associated marker genes illustrate the impact of wet weather overflows and dry weather leakage in urban estuarine waters of Sydney, Australia","volume":"705","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149386","article-title":"Comparative analysis of rapid concentration methods for the recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and quantification of human enteric viruses and a sewage-associated marker gene in untreated wastewater","volume":"799","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119093","article-title":"Distribution of human fecal marker genes and their association with pathogenic viruses in untreated wastewater determined using quantitative PCR","volume":"226","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165008","article-title":"Reduction of human fecal markers and enteric viruses in Sydney estuarine waters receiving wet weather overflows","volume":"896","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171389","article-title":"Assessing the nucleic acid decay of human wastewater markers and enteric viruses in estuarine waters in Sydney, Australia","volume":"926","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172448","article-title":"Site-specific risk-based threshold (RBT) concentrations for sewage-associated markers in estuarine swimming waters","volume":"929","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01948","article-title":"Can we swim yet? Systematic review, meta-analysis, and risk assessment of aging sewage in surface waters","volume":"52","author":"Boehm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10210","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01767","article-title":"The environmental microbiology minimum information (EMMI) guidelines: qPCR and dPCR quality and reporting for environmental microbiology","volume":"55","author":"Borchardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-022-05542-8","article-title":"Persistence of fecal indicators and microbial source tracking markers in water flushed from riverbank soils","volume":"233","author":"Calderon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0060","series-title":"Regional Assessment of Human Fecal Contamination in Southern California Coastal Drainages","author":"Cao YiPing","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.9b00468","article-title":"Quantitative microbial risk assessment of swimming in sewage impacted waters using CrAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus in a customizable model","volume":"6","author":"Crank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35463","article-title":"Association between detection rate of norovirus GII and climatic factors in the Northwest Amazon region","volume":"10","author":"de Almeida","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.07.096","article-title":"Regrowth of enterococci indicator in an open recycled-water impoundment","volume":"468\u2013469","author":"Derry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.3c00758","article-title":"Ratio of HF183 to PMMoV in sewage and its change when exposed to different temperatures and sunlight conditions","volume":"4","author":"Fani","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS EST Water"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00309","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00309-18","article-title":"Human-associated Lachnospiraceae genetic markers improve detection of fecal pollution sources in urban waters","volume":"84","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0090","series-title":"Method 1615 Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR","author":"Fout","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.058","article-title":"Occurrence of microbial indicators, pathogenic bacteria and viruses in tropical surface waters subject to contrasting land use","volume":"150","author":"Goh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116507","article-title":"Relationships among microbial indicators of fecal pollution, microbial source tracking markers, and pathogens in Costa Rican coastal waters","volume":"188","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wroa.2020.100067","article-title":"Persistence of emerging viral fecal indicators in large-scale freshwater mesocosms","volume":"9","author":"Greaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Research X"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.10.021","article-title":"Evaluation of pepper mild mottle virus, human picobirnavirus and torque Teno virus as indicators of fecal contamination in river water","volume":"45","author":"Hamza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02354-13","article-title":"Occurrence of pepper mild mottle virus in drinking water sources in Japan","volume":"79","author":"Haramoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140405","article-title":"First environmental surveillance for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and river water in Japan","volume":"737","author":"Haramoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0125","series-title":"General and host-associated bacterial indicators of faecal pollution","author":"Harwood","year":"2017"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.014","article-title":"Variability of fecal indicator bacteria in flowing and ponded waters in southern California: implications for bacterial TMDL development and implementation","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0135","series-title":"Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R","volume":"77","author":"Helsel","year":"2011"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.09.001","article-title":"Evaluation of human adenovirus and human polyomavirus as indicators of human sewage contamination in the aquatic environment","volume":"47","author":"Hewitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00028-17","article-title":"Cross-comparison of human wastewater-associated molecular markers in relation to fecal indicator bacteria and enteric viruses in recreational beach waters","volume":"83","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wroa.2020.100071","article-title":"CrAssphage for fecal source tracking in Chile: covariation with norovirus, HF183, and bacterial indicators","volume":"9","author":"Jennings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Research X"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.6.3131-3136.2005","article-title":"Quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection of human adenoviruses and identification of serotypes 40 and 41","volume":"71","author":"Jothikumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0160","series-title":"Water and sanitation for the 21st century: health and microbiological aspects of excreta and wastewater management (global water pathogen project)","article-title":"Norovirus and other Caliciviruses","author":"Katayama","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0165","series-title":"Relationships between microbial indicators and pathogens in recreational water settings. Mdpi.Com","author":"Korajkic","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117378","article-title":"Sources of low level human fecal markers in recreational waters of two Santa Barbara, CA beaches: roles of WWTP outfalls and swimmers","volume":"202","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.660368","article-title":"Synergistic application of molecular markers and community-based microbial source tracking methods for identification of fecal pollution in river water during dry and wet seasons","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02670-14","article-title":"Alternative fecal indicators and their empirical relationships with enteric viruses, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in surface waters of a tropical urban catchment","volume":"81","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141245","article-title":"Primary concentration\u2013the critical step in implementing the wastewater based epidemiology for the COVID-19 pandemic: a mini-review","volume":"747","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0190","first-page":"65","article-title":"The ecology of enteroviruses in natural waters","volume":"10","author":"Melnick","year":"1980","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445","article-title":"Seasonality of respiratory viral infections","volume":"7","author":"Moriyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annual Review of Virology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00265","article-title":"Chemical and microbial markers for discriminating sanitary sewer contamination in coastal, urban streams","volume":"2","author":"Pinongcos","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.03.051","article-title":"Surveillance of enteric viruses and coliphages in a tropical urban catchment","volume":"58","author":"Rezaeinejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.12.037","article-title":"Long-term monitoring of molecular markers can distinguish different seasonal patterns of fecal indicating bacteria sources","volume":"71","author":"Riedel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00410-09","article-title":"Pepper mild mottle virus as an indicator of fecal pollution","volume":"75","author":"Rosario","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1048661","article-title":"Realizing the value in \u201cnon-standard\u201d parts of the qPCR standard curve by integrating fundamentals of quantitative microbiology","volume":"14","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712456976","article-title":"Development and performance evaluation of calf diarrhea pathogen nucleic acid purification and detection workflow","volume":"24","author":"Schroeder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00702.x","article-title":"Detection and quantification of the human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater","volume":"7","author":"Seurinck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116014","article-title":"Fecal pollution source characterization at non-point source impacted beaches under dry and wet weather conditions","volume":"182","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.01.056","article-title":"Quantification of pathogens and markers of fecal contamination during storm events along popular surfing beaches in San Diego, California","volume":"136","author":"Steele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02473-06","article-title":"Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source tracking studies","volume":"73","author":"Stoeckel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162716","article-title":"Widespread human waste pollution in surface waters observed throughout the urbanized, coastal communities of Lee County, Florida, USA","volume":"879","author":"Tyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0250","series-title":"Recreational Water Quality Criteria","author":"US EPA","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0255","series-title":"Review of COLIPHAGES as Possible Indicators of Fecal Contamination for Ambient Water Quality","author":"US EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0260","series-title":"Method 1696: Characterization of Human Fecal Pollution in Water by HF183\/BacR287 TaqMan\u00ae Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Assay","author":"US EPA","year":"2019"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05398","article-title":"Managing microbial risks from indirect wastewater reuse for irrigation in urbanizing watersheds","volume":"50","author":"Verbyla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0270","series-title":"WRF Report 5047","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pathogen removal credits for wastewater treatment: Guidance for study plans and reporting","author":"Verbyla","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970_bb0275","article-title":"Viral indicators for tracking domestic wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment","volume":"181","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726006340?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726006340?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:09:19Z","timestamp":1788354559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969726006340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0048969726006340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlation between microbial source tracking markers and pathogens at beaches and estuaries in southern California","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.181970","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"181970"}}