{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:04:57Z","timestamp":1790211897580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:24:46Z","timestamp":1786508686000},"page":"182168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative life cycle assessment of a year-round grazing system vs. a hay-feeding system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1049","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1261-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.R.","family":"Trumpp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"J.C.B.","family":"Dubeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Martin-Ryals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Portuguez","family":"Acu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8557-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.L.","family":"Bretas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0005","first-page":"252","article-title":"Life cycle assessment for evaluating mixed farming systems: a review and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Abdallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Ser. D. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12172227","article-title":"Supplementation of molasses-based liquid feed for cattle fed on limpograss hay","volume":"12","author":"Abreu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1002\/agj2.21081","article-title":"Canopy characterization and nutritive value of stockpiled \u2018Floralta\u2019 limpograss","volume":"114","author":"Abreu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2017.08.003","article-title":"Assessment of grazing management on-farm greenhouse gas intensity of beef production systems in the Canadian Prairies using life cycle assessment","volume":"158","author":"Alemu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2494.2010.00780.x","article-title":"An international terminology for grazing lands and grazing animals","volume":"66","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Grass Forage Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3763\/ijas.2009.0356","article-title":"Comparing the environmental impacts of pasture-based and confinement-based dairy systems in Nova Scotia (Canada) using life cycle assessment","volume":"7","author":"Arsenault","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0035","series-title":"The Management and Use of Bahiagrass (Bulletin 1362)","author":"Baxter","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0040","series-title":"Strategies to Bridge the Fall Forage Gap Using Stockpiled Limpograss, Supplementation, and Forage Legumes","author":"Bernardini","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2003.12.010","article-title":"Nitrogen cycling in Brachiaria pastures: the key to understanding the process of pasture decline","volume":"103","author":"Boddey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/gfs.12498","article-title":"Forage legumes in grass pastures in tropical Brazil and likely impacts on greenhouse gas emissions: a review","volume":"75","author":"Boddey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Grass Forage Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0055","series-title":"International Grasslands Congress Proceedings (1985-2023)","article-title":"Forage legumes in tropical regions: recent advances and future challenges","author":"Casagrande","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2012.08.0485","article-title":"Strip planting a legume into warm-season grass pasture: defoliation effects during the year of establishment","volume":"53","author":"Castillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0065","series-title":"Florida Beef Cattle Short Course","first-page":"74","article-title":"Bahiagrass: the foundation of cow-calf nutrition in Florida","author":"Chambliss","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.03.013","article-title":"Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle","volume":"113","author":"Chizzotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab224","article-title":"Methane emissions and \u03b413C composition from beef steers consuming increasing proportions of Sericea lespedeza hay on bermudagrass hay diets","volume":"99","author":"van Cleef","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2003.09.018","article-title":"Legume versus fertilizer sources of nitrogen: ecological tradeoffs and human needs","volume":"102","author":"Crews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0085","series-title":"Understanding Product Environmental Footprint and Organization Environmental Footprint Methods","author":"Damiani","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2014.01.080","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of beef cattle production in two typical grassland systems of southern Brazil","volume":"96","author":"Dick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2006.09.0581","article-title":"Nutrient cycling in warm-climate grasslands","volume":"47","author":"Dubeux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2008.08.0509","article-title":"Animal behavior and soil nutrient redistribution in continuously stocked Pensacola bahiagrass pastures managed at different intensities","volume":"49","author":"Dubeux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2016.09.0810","article-title":"Biological N2 fixation, belowground responses, and forage potential of rhizoma peanut cultivars","volume":"57","author":"Dubeux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0110","series-title":"Sustainable Nitrogen Management in Agrifood Systems","author":"FAO","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0115","series-title":"Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future","author":"Galloway","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1002\/agj2.20675","article-title":"Nutrient excretion from cattle grazing nitrogen-fertilized grass or grass\u2013legume pastures","volume":"113","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(00)00160-2","article-title":"Comparing intensive, extensified, and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment","volume":"83","author":"Hass","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0130","series-title":"Good Agricultural Practice in Asia and Oceania","first-page":"98","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of agricultural production systems: current issues and future perspectives","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60794-4","article-title":"Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem","volume":"49","author":"Haynes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0140","series-title":"What Is Sustainability? The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century\u2019s Sustainability Crises","author":"Heinberg","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1071\/RJ14109","article-title":"Quantifying carbon sequestration on sheep grazing land in Australia for life cycle assessment studies","volume":"37","author":"Henry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rangel. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0150","series-title":"AN266","article-title":"Comparison of hay or round bale silage as a means to conserve forage","volume":"1","author":"Hersom","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0155","series-title":"AN326","article-title":"Implications of round bale dimensions on hay use","volume":"1","author":"Hersom","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-021-10169-y","article-title":"N-fertiliser application or legume integration enhances N cycling in tropical pastures","volume":"121","author":"Homem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6583","article-title":"Special topics-mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options","volume":"91","author":"Hristov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0170","series-title":"2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories","author":"IPCC","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0175","series-title":"Environmental management \u2013 Life cycle assessment \u2013 Principles and framework","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"ISO 14040","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2012.0210","article-title":"Nitrogen source effects on ammonia volatilization as measured with semi-static chambers","volume":"104","author":"Jantalia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2018.01.0036","article-title":"Annual and perennial peanut species as alternatives to nitrogen fertilizer in bermudagrass hay production systems","volume":"110","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1002\/csc2.20568","article-title":"Water footprint, herbage, and livestock responses for nitrogen-fertilized grass and grass\u2013legume grazing systems","volume":"61","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-011-0056-7","article-title":"Legumes for mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. A review","volume":"32","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0200","series-title":"Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks and Role in Global Change","first-page":"219","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2006.03.028","article-title":"Livestock methane emission: from the individual grazing animal through national inventories to the global methane cycle","volume":"142","author":"Lassey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(20)60077-7","article-title":"A simple and easy method to measure ammonia volatilization: accuracy under field conditions","volume":"31","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.02.006","article-title":"Environmental impacts of cow-calf beef systems with contrasted grassland management and animal production strategies in the Massif Central, France","volume":"144","author":"Morel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0220","series-title":"Climate Change 2013-The Physical Science Basis","first-page":"659","article-title":"Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing","author":"Myhre","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.11.004","article-title":"A life cycle assessment of seasonal grass-based and confinement dairy farms","volume":"107","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.07.004","article-title":"A life cycle assessment of the effect of intensification on the environmental impacts and resource use of grass-based sheep farming","volume":"148","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0235","article-title":"Environmental impact of grass-based cattle farms: a life cycle assessment of nature-based diversification scenarios","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Sustain."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0240","article-title":"Limpograss [Hemarthria altissima] silage and protein supplementation as an alternative feed option for growing heifers in North Florida","volume":"14","author":"Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.09.008","article-title":"Soil gaseous N2O and CH4 emissions and carbon pool due to integrated crop-livestock in a subtropical Ferralsol","volume":"190","author":"Piva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0255","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of contrasting grazing systems within a yearling stocker stage of beef cattle production","author":"Portuguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136766","article-title":"A comprehensive environmental assessment of beef production and combustion in the United States","volume":"402","author":"Putman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0265","series-title":"Limpograss","first-page":"809","volume":"45","author":"Quesenberry","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.657936","article-title":"CH4 and N2O emissions from cattle excreta: a review of main drivers and mitigation strategies in grazing systems","volume":"5","author":"Rivera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su11184870","article-title":"An approach for describing the effects of grazing on soil quality in life-cycle assessment","volume":"11","author":"Roesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2004.0523","article-title":"Whole-farm perspectives of nutrient flows in grassland agriculture","volume":"45","author":"Rotz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cft2.20140","article-title":"Herbage accumulation and nutritive value of stockpiled Limpograss and \u2018Tifton 85\u2019 Bermudagrass","volume":"8","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crop Forage Turfgrass Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20474","article-title":"Integrated crop-livestock systems result in less nitrate leaching than ungrazed crop systems in North Florida","volume":"52","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0295","series-title":"Research Report No 297","article-title":"Comparative greenhouse gas emissions of New Zealand\u2019s and the UK\u2019s dairy industry","author":"Saunders","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2024.101646","article-title":"Opportunities to integrate ecosystem services into life cycle assessment (LCA): a case study of milk production in Brazil","volume":"69","author":"da Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74709-1","article-title":"Economic and environmental impact of four levels of concentrate supplementation in grazing dairy herds","volume":"84","author":"Soder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0310","series-title":"Proceedings of the Brazilian Society of Animal Science Meeting, 51st, Barra dos Coqueiros, Brazil","article-title":"Changing emphases in soil-plant-animal research in pastures","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2015.02.0070","article-title":"Challenges, opportunities, and applications of grazing research","volume":"55","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37496\/rbz5120210198","article-title":"Warm-climate, legume-grass forage mixtures versus grass-only swards: an ecosystem services comparison","volume":"51","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2018.09.0594","article-title":"Grassland management affects delivery of regulating and supporting ecosystem services","volume":"59","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb3000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2004.0216","article-title":"Reporting forage allowance in grazing experiments","volume":"45","author":"Sollenberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.12.021","article-title":"The nitrogen cycle","volume":"26","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2006.0167","article-title":"Herbage and animal responses to management intensity of continuously stocked bahiagrass pastures","volume":"99","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2017.05.0317","article-title":"Resilience in forage and grazinglands","volume":"58","author":"Tracy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0345","series-title":"Forage Legumes as a Tool to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Beef Cattle Systems","author":"Trumpp","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0350","series-title":"SS-AGR-489","article-title":"Sustainable nitrogen in livestock systems: forage legumes vs. N fertilizers","volume":"1","author":"Trumpp","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2025.127708","article-title":"Integrating forage legumes reduces dependence on N fertilizer and increases the stability of grazing systems","author":"Trumpp","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/grs.12054","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of beef cow-calf systems with and without grazing on abandoned cultivated lands in Japan","volume":"60","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Grassl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0365","author":"USDA, U. S. Department of Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0370","series-title":"The 21st Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition","article-title":"Forage evaluation and quality in Florida","author":"Vendramini","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.5039\/agraria.v9i2a3730","article-title":"Nutrient cycling in tropical pasture ecosystems","volume":"9","author":"Vendramini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Agrar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0380","series-title":"SS-AGR-320","article-title":"Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima): overview and management","volume":"1","author":"Vendramini","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168_bb0385","series-title":"Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fl\u00fcgge): overview and pasture management","first-page":"1","author":"Wallau","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972600834X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972600834X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:23:08Z","timestamp":1790209388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004896972600834X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S004896972600834X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative life cycle assessment of a year-round grazing system vs. a hay-feeding system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182168","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"182168"}}