{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:33:06Z","timestamp":1793226786311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009888","name":"Tuscany Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:29:23Z","timestamp":1788344963000},"page":"182253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Raman spectroscopy resolves nitrogen-driven metabolic acclimation to urban air pollution in Quercus ilex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1051","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Alderotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Distefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Matteini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13152027","article-title":"Urban air pollution and plant tolerance: omics responses to ozone, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter","volume":"13","author":"Antenozio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-005-1566-9","article-title":"Changes in carotenoid content and distribution in living plant tissue can be observed and mapped in situ using NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy","volume":"222","author":"Baranski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Planta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-008-0289-5","article-title":"Leaf flavonoid content in Quercus ilex L. resprouts and its seasonal variation","volume":"23","author":"Brossa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trees"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.08.036","article-title":"Photosynthetic behavior of woody species under high ozone exposure probed with the JIP-test: a review","volume":"147","author":"Bussotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0030","article-title":"Raman analysis of natural pigments during the ripening process in different types of peppers","volume":"36","author":"Campos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00103627509366547","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid","volume":"6","author":"Cataldo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148605","article-title":"How can vegetation protect us from air pollution? A critical review on green spaces\u2019 mitigation abilities for air-borne particles from a public health perspective-with implications for urban planning","volume":"796","author":"Diener","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08418-8","article-title":"Estimating the frequency of hormesis and other non-monotonic responses in plants experiencing road traffic pollution in urban areas and experimental pollutant exposure","volume":"192","author":"Erofeeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of nitrogen (N) in plant growth, photosynthesis pigments, and N use efficiency: a review","volume":"28","author":"Fathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agrisost ISSN 1025-0247"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185836","article-title":"Functional indicators of response mechanisms to nitrogen deposition, ozone, and their interaction in two Mediterranean tree species","volume":"12","author":"Fusaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2017.07.034","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization by LC-DAD-MS\/MS of the phenolic composition of seven Quercus leaf teas","volume":"63","author":"Garc\u00eda-Villalba","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0070","series-title":"Urban Forests, Climate Change and Environmental Pollution","article-title":"Urban tree responses to climate change and environmental pollution","author":"Gaur","year":"2024"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08646-y","article-title":"Fluorescence emission spectra of target chloroplast metabolites (flavonoids, carotenoids, lipofuscins, pheophytins) as biomarkers of air pollutants and seasonal tropical climate","volume":"27","author":"Giampaoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.11.049","article-title":"Responses of herbaceous plants to urban air pollution: effects on growth, phenology and leaf surface characteristics","volume":"157","author":"Honour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62932-0","article-title":"Harnessing Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of plant diversity","volume":"14","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.04.020","article-title":"Quercus ilex L.: a rich source of polyacylated flavonoid glucosides","volume":"123","author":"Karioti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3053669","article-title":"Quantitative Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of carrot bioactives","volume":"61","author":"Killeen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.06.002","article-title":"Phytotoxic action mechanism of hapalocyclamide in lettuce seedlings","volume":"58","author":"Koodkaew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202500045","article-title":"Advancements in plant diagnostic and sensing technologies","volume":"4","author":"Krishnamoorthi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sensor Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144358","article-title":"Nonlinear responses of foliar phenylpropanoids to increasing O3 exposure: ecological implications in a Populus model system","volume":"767","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0120","article-title":"Assessment of nitrate levels in greenhouse-grown spinaches by Raman spectroscopy: a tool for sustainable agriculture and food security","volume":"21","author":"Matteini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2011.02.004","article-title":"Gas exchange and JIP-test parameters of two Mediterranean maquis species are affected by sea spray and ozone interaction","volume":"73","author":"Mereu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.17107","article-title":"Stress physiology of Moringa oleifera under tropospheric ozone enrichment: an ecotype-specific investigation into growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and polyphenols","volume":"120","author":"Moura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhad074","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy in crop quality assessment: focusing on sensing secondary metabolites: a review","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-021-00781-y","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy enables phenotyping and assessment of nutrition values of plants: a review","volume":"17","author":"Payne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.70540","article-title":"Plant flavonoids: biosynthesis, regulation, and roles in biotic and abiotic stresses","author":"Ren","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169763","article-title":"The cellular consequences of particulate matter pollutants in plants: safeguarding the harmonious integration of structure and function","volume":"914","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su16135474","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy for plant disease detection in next-generation agriculture","volume":"16","author":"Saletnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.573321","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy enables non-invasive and confirmatory diagnostics of salinity stresses, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiencies in rice","volume":"11","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0170","first-page":"91","article-title":"An innovative tool for supporting urban policies: assessing the health of Mediterranean urban greenery with portable optical technologies and vegetation metrics","volume":"1","author":"Sanfilippo","year":"2025","journal-title":"TeMA J. Land Use Mob. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/plants8020045","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen dioxide on biochemical responses in 41 garden plants","volume":"8","author":"Sheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279826","article-title":"Air pollution in the places of Betula pendula growth and development changes the physicochemical properties and the main allergen content of its pollen","volume":"18","author":"Stawoska","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0185","series-title":"Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis","first-page":"321","article-title":"Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient","author":"Strasser","year":"2004"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.03.008","article-title":"Simultaneous in vivo recording of prompt and delayed fluorescence and 820-nm reflection changes during drying and after rehydration of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis","volume":"1797","author":"Strasser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.05.005","article-title":"Ability of various tree species to acclimation in urban environments probed with the JIP-test","volume":"14","author":"Swoczyna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1613503","article-title":"Integrating Raman spectroscopy and optical meters for nitrogen management in broccoli seedlings","volume":"16","author":"Tuccio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117428","article-title":"Hierarchical network design for nitrogen dioxide measurement in urban environments","volume":"228","author":"Weissert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00701","article-title":"Response and adaptation of photosynthesis, respiration, and antioxidant systems to elevated CO2 with environmental stress in plants","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111844","article-title":"A intermediate concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide enhances PSII activity and inhibits PSI activity in expanded leaves of tobacco seedlings","volume":"209","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726009216?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969726009216?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:09:26Z","timestamp":1793225366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969726009216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0048969726009216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Raman spectroscopy resolves nitrogen-driven metabolic acclimation to urban air pollution in Quercus ilex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2026.182253","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"182253"}}