{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:01:21Z","timestamp":1781078481419,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005711","name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research: Cognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:12:46Z","timestamp":1774437166000},"page":"100435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Severity matters: Using network analysis to explain low and high levels of persecutory beliefs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Denecke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Strakeljahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.M.","family":"Lincoln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-021-00189-6","article-title":"Dynamic contextual influences on social motivation and behavior in schizophrenia: a case-control network analysis","volume":"7","author":"Badal","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000939","article-title":"Confidence, accuracy judgments and feedback in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a time series network analysis","volume":"53","author":"Badal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.119032","article-title":"The structure of paranoia in the general population","volume":"202","author":"Bebbington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102392","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"67","author":"Berendsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116349","article-title":"Exploring delusional themes and other symptoms in first episode psychosis: a network analysis over two timepoints","volume":"344","author":"Berisha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9514-x","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: the DERS-16","volume":"38","author":"Bjureberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375","article-title":"A network theory of mental disorders","volume":"16","author":"Borsboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X17002266","article-title":"Brain disorders? Not really: why network structures block reductionism in psychopathology research","volume":"42","author":"Borsboom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.03.014","article-title":"Fearing the unknown: a short version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale","volume":"21","author":"Carleton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019913","article-title":"The aberrant salience inventory: a new measure of psychosis proneness","volume":"22","author":"Cicero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(88)90076-9","article-title":"Prediction of insomnia from arousability predisposition scores: scale development and cross-validation","volume":"26","author":"Coren","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102510","article-title":"Bridging perspectives - a review and synthesis of 53 theoretical models of delusions","volume":"114","author":"Denecke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-025-00311-9","article-title":"Using machine learning to predict persecutory beliefs based on aetiological models of delusions identified in a systematic literature search","volume":"3","author":"Denecke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.03.022","article-title":"Do paranoid delusions exist on a continuum with subclinical paranoia? A multi-method taxometric study","volume":"190","author":"Elahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0085","author":"Epskamp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0095","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models","volume":"23","author":"Foygel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2023-300880","article-title":"Explaining paranoia: cognitive and social processes in the occurrence of extreme mistrust","volume":"26","author":"Freeman","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.5.427","article-title":"Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population","volume":"186","author":"Freeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719003155","article-title":"The revised Green et al., paranoid thoughts scale (R-GPTS): psychometric properties, severity ranges, and clinical cut-offs","volume":"51","author":"Freeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.09.001","article-title":"The development and initial validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire","volume":"45","author":"Gillanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246581000055X","article-title":"The development and validation of the Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (short form)","volume":"39","author":"Gumley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Cogn. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12199","article-title":"Paranoia and interpersonal functioning across the continuum from healthy to pathological \u2013 network analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hajd\u00fak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001300","article-title":"A network analysis of post-traumatic stress and psychosis symptoms","volume":"51","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0135","author":"Haslbeck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01243.x","article-title":"Two predictions about paranoid ideation: deluded, depressed and normal participants\u2019 subjective frequency and consensus judgments for positive, neutral and negative events","volume":"36","author":"Kaney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001844","article-title":"What kinds of things are psychiatric disorders?","volume":"41","author":"Kendler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0150","article-title":"Testing the effectiveness of the internet-based instrument PsyToolkit: a comparison between web-based (PsyToolkit) and lab-based (E-Prime 3.0) measurements of response choice and response time in a complex psycholinguistic task","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0155","first-page":"33","article-title":"Nonclinical participants\u2019 reports of hallucinatory experiences","volume":"37","author":"Lar\u00f8i","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Behav. Sci. Rev. Can. Sci. Comport."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102687","article-title":"The \u2018made-up mind\u2019. Deriving new hypotheses on delusions from general psychological models of belief maintenance","volume":"123","author":"Lincoln","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0170","series-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process","first-page":"4768","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01450","article-title":"Does Cognitive Behavior Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) show a sustainable effect on delusions? A meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Mehl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby116","article-title":"Liberal acceptance bias, momentary aberrant salience, and psychosis: an experimental experience sampling study","volume":"45","author":"Reininghaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000271","article-title":"Who gets ostracized? A personality perspective on risk and protective factors of ostracism","volume":"118","author":"Rudert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0190","series-title":"Causal Discovery Analysis Reveals Insights into Psychosis Proneness, Brain Function, and Environmental Factors among Young Individuals","author":"Sahin-Ilikoglu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000645","article-title":"A systematic review of self-report measures of paranoia","volume":"31","author":"Statham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0200","series-title":"Applying Causal Discovery to Intensive Longitudinal Data","author":"Stevenson","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.4.1096","article-title":"PsyToolkit: a software package for programming psychological experiments using Linux","volume":"42","author":"Stoet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628316677643","article-title":"PsyToolkit: a novel web-based method for running online questionnaires and reaction-time experiments","volume":"44","author":"Stoet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Teach. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research: Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215001326000181?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2215001326000181?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:34:19Z","timestamp":1781076859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2215001326000181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2215001326000181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435","relation":{},"ISSN":["2215-0013"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2215-0013","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Severity matters: Using network analysis to explain low and high levels of persecutory beliefs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research: Cognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scog.2026.100435","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100435"}}