{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:29:32Z","timestamp":1782890972399,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000900","name":"European Commission Joint Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sustainable Cities and Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T19:17:11Z","timestamp":1638040631000},"page":"103564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":446,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Marando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi P.","family":"Heris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Zulian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Ud\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Mentaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nektarios","family":"Chrysoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Parastatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0001","first-page":"137","article-title":"Characteristics of the urban heat island in the city of Salamanca, Spain","volume":"16","author":"Alonso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atm\u00f3sfera"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65578","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.6.e65578","article-title":"Adopting a cross-scale approach for thedeployment of a green infrastructure","volume":"6","author":"Zulian","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Ecosystem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib84","series-title":"Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure: Perspectives from Spatial Planning in Italy","article-title":"Urban Green Infrastructure: Opportunities and Challenges at the European scale","author":"Zulian","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.03.008","article-title":"Evaluating the cooling effects of green infrastructure: A systematic review of methods, indicators and data sources","volume":"166","author":"Bartesaghi-Koc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Solar Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.03.009","article-title":"Assessment of urban heat island based on the relationship between land surface temperature and land use\/land cover in Tehran","volume":"23","author":"Bokaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29873-x","article-title":"Urban energy exchanges monitoring from space","volume":"8","author":"Chrysoulakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.03.008","article-title":"MODIS detected surface urban heat islands and sinks: Global locations and controls","volume":"134","author":"Clinton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0013","unstructured":"Dijkstra, L., & Poelman, H. (2012). Cities in Europe, the new OECD-EC definition. Brussels."},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0014.1","unstructured":"European Commission, (2013). Green infrastructure"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0014.2","unstructured":"(GI) - enhancing Europe's natural capital. COM (2013), 249. http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/resource.html?uri=cellar:D41348f2-01d5-4abe-b817-4c73e6f1b2df.0014.03\/DOC_1&format=PDF."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0015","unstructured":"European Commission, (2019). Review of progress on implementation of the EU green infrastructure strategy. COM (2019), 236 final. 10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:52019SC0184&rid=9."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0016","unstructured":"European Commission, (2020). EU biodiversity strategy for 2030: Bringing nature back into our lives. COM (2020) 380 Final https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0380."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0017","series-title":"Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions; a handbook for practitioners","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0018","series-title":"Healthy environment, healthy lives: How the environment influences health and well-being in europe","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0019","unstructured":"Eurostat, Urban Audit, (2020). https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/gisco\/geodata\/reference-data\/administrative-units-statistical-units\/urban-audit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0020","unstructured":"EuroStat, (2016). Urban Europe. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/products-statistical-books\/-\/ks-01-16-691."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0021","series-title":"Methodological manual on city statistics \u20132017 edition","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo866","article-title":"Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves","volume":"3","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11407-6","article-title":"Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Athens (Greece), during an extremely hot summer","volume":"7","author":"Founda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0025","series-title":"Geospatial data in a changing world","article-title":"Development of new open and free multi-temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution","author":"Freire","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0026","unstructured":"Frost, J. (2017). Confidence intervals vs prediction intervals vs tolerance intervals. Statistics by Jim. Retrieved from http:\/\/statisticsbyjim.com\/hypothesis-testing\/confidence-prediction-tolerance-intervals\/ Accessed September 9, 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.10.013","article-title":"Urban and peri-urban forests in the metropolitan area of Rome: Ecophysiological response of Quercus ilex L. in two green infrastructures in an ecosystem services perspective","volume":"14","author":"Fusaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Forestry and Urban Greening"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1974","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.1974","article-title":"Use of satellite leaf area index estimating evapotranspiration and gross assimilation for Australian ecosystems","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111510","article-title":"Annual maps of global artificial impervious area (GAIA) between 1985 and 2018","volume":"236","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haines-Young, R., & Potschin, M. (2018). Common international classification of ecosystem services (CICES) V 5.1. Guidance on the Application of the Revised Structure https:\/\/cices.eu\/content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/01\/Guidance-V51-01012018.pdf.","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.3.e27108"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2020.101226","article-title":"Piloting urban ecosystem accounting for the United States","volume":"48","author":"Heris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecosystem Services"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-006-0259-z","article-title":"Near surface climate in an urban vegetated park and its surroundings","volume":"89","author":"Jansson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202406","article-title":"Spatial and Seasonal Patterns in Vegetation Growth-Limiting Factors over Europe","volume":"11","author":"Karnieli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0032","series-title":"Heat waves: Risks and responses. Regional office for Europe","article-title":"London school of hygiene and tropical medicine, European commission","author":"Koppe","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-016-2031-3","article-title":"Climate change scenarios of heat waves in central Europe and their uncertainties","volume":"131","author":"Lhotka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102425","article-title":"Socioeconomic drivers of urban heat island effect: Empirical evidence from major Chinese cities","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3897\/oneeco.3.e24720","article-title":"Ecosystem services are inclusive and deliver multiple values. A comment on the concept of nature\u2019s contributions to people","volume":"3","author":"Maes","year":"2018","journal-title":"One Ecosystem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib74","series-title":"Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services: Urban ecosystems","first-page":"4","author":"Maes","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.03.009","article-title":"Regulating ecosystem services of forests in ten Italian metropolitan cities: air quality improvement by PM10 and O3 removal","volume":"67","author":"Manes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecological indicators"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917554117","article-title":"Seasonal hysteresis of surface urban heat islands","volume":"117","author":"Manoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2018.11.011","article-title":"Regulating ecosystem services and green infrastructure: assessment of urban heat island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome, Italy","volume":"392","author":"Marando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2009.07.006","article-title":"An investigation of urban heat island intensity (UHII) as an indicator of urban heating","volume":"94","author":"Memon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mentaschi, L., Duveiller, G., Zulian, G., Corbane, C., Pesaresi, M., Maes, J. et\u00a0al. (2021). Global long-term mapping of surface temperature shows intensified intra-city urban heat island extremes.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-251967\/v1"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/2\/024005","article-title":"Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas","volume":"10","author":"Mishra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127277","article-title":"Urban-hazard risk analysis: Mapping of heat-related risks in the elderly in major Italian cities","volume":"10","author":"Morabito","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103613","article-title":"The blue water footprint of urban green spaces: An example for Adelaide, Australia","volume":"190","author":"Nouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0041","series-title":"Boundary layer climates","first-page":"435","author":"Oke","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0042","series-title":"Urban climates","author":"Oke","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0043","first-page":"1","article-title":"The energetic basis of the urban heat island","volume":"108","author":"Oke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2015.05.009","article-title":"Urban heat island (UHI) mitigating strategies: A case-based comparative analysis","volume":"19","author":"O'Malley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(92)90124-3","article-title":"Estimation of land surface temperature with NOAA9 data","volume":"40","author":"Ottl\u00e9","year":"1992","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9121208","article-title":"Online global land surface temperature estimation from Landsat","volume":"9","author":"Parastatidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote sensing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1330","article-title":"Climatic behavior of various urban parks during hot and humid summer in the Mediterranean city of Tel Aviv, Israel","volume":"26","author":"Potchter","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2017.07.009","article-title":"Experimental studies on the effects of green space and evapotranspiration on urban heat island in a subtropical megacity in China","volume":"68","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Habitat international"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.A., Armson, D., & Ennos, A.R. (.2015). A comparison of the growth and cooling effectiveness of five commonly planted urban tree species Urban Ecosystems 18, pp. 371\u2013389.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-014-0407-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2018.02.001","article-title":"Urban green infrastructure as a tool for urban heat mitigation: Survey of research methodologies and findings across different climatic regions","volume":"24","author":"Saaroni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0944-z","article-title":"Human-biometeorological conditions and thermal perception in a Mediterranean coastal park","volume":"59","author":"Saaroni","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0051","article-title":"GHS population grid multitemporal ((1975), 1990, 2000, 2015) R2019A","author":"Schiavina","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.01.001","article-title":"Relationship of land surface and air temperatures and its implications for quantifying urban heat island indicators\u2014an application for the city of Leipzig (Germany)","volume":"18","author":"Schwarz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2020.126938","article-title":"Mismatch of regulating ecosystem services for sustainable urban planning: PM10 removal and urban heat island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome (Italy)","volume":"57","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Forestry and Urban Greening"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7788(99)00018-3","article-title":"Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street. An empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees","volume":"31","author":"Shashua-Bar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.02.018","article-title":"Impact of land use change and urbanization on urban heat island in Lucknow city, Central India. A remote sensing based estimate","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.716548","article-title":"Evaluation of the surface urban heat island effect in the city of Madrid by thermal remote sensing","volume":"34","author":"Sobrino","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0057","unstructured":"Somarakis, G., Stagakis, S., & Chrysoulakis, N. (2019).(Eds.)., Thinknature nature-based solutions handbook (10.26225\/jerv-w202)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0058","series-title":"An introduction to error analysis: The study of uncertainties in physical measurements","author":"Taylor","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.11.013","article-title":"Climate change impact assessment\u2014a simulation experiment with Norway spruce for a forest district in Central Europe","volume":"346","author":"Thiele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115898","article-title":"The impacts of existing and hypothetical green infrastructure scenarios on urban heat island formation","volume":"274","author":"Tiwari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2009.12.021","article-title":"Assessment and energy implications of street air temperature cooling by shade trees in Athens (Greece) under extremely hot weather conditions","volume":"35","author":"Tsiros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136193","article-title":"Linking green infrastructure to urban heat and human health risk mitigation in Oslo, Norway","volume":"709","author":"Venter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0063","unstructured":"Von Der Leyen, U. (2019). A union that strives for more my agenda for Europe, political guide-lines for the next European Commission 2019\u20132024, p 24. Available at: Https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/sites\/beta-political\/files\/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.04.013","article-title":"The effects of street tree planting on urban heat island mitigation in Montreal","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.04.015","article-title":"Analysis of urban heat island phenomenon and mitigation solutions evaluation for Montreal","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.09.004","article-title":"Evaluation of effect of tree canopy on thermal environment, thermal sensation, and mental state","volume":"14","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Climate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.07.002","article-title":"How can urban green spaces be planned for climate adaptation in subtropical cities?","volume":"82","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.05.005","article-title":"An urban heat island study in Nanchang City, China based on land surface temperature and social-ecological variables","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.12.031","article-title":"Coupled estimation of 500 m and 8-day resolution global evapotranspiration and gross primary production in 2002\u20132017","volume":"222","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of city size and urban form in the surface urban heat island","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib75","unstructured":"Zulian, G., Thijssen, M., G\u00fcnther, S., & Maes, J., 2018. Enhancing Resilience Of Urban Ecosystems through Green Infrastructure (EnRoute)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564_bib76","unstructured":"Maes, J., Zulian, G., G\u00fcnther, S., Thijssen, M., & Raynal, J., 2019. Enhancing resilience of urban ecosystems through green infrastructure (EnRoute). Inception Report."}],"container-title":["Sustainable Cities and Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210670721008301?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210670721008301?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T06:41:30Z","timestamp":1761892890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2210670721008301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S2210670721008301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6707","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sustainable Cities and Society","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103564","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103564"}}