{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:56:42Z","timestamp":1781287002124,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9232003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9232003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L211027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L211027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71871037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71871037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sustainable Cities and Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T12:05:41Z","timestamp":1686571541000},"page":"104702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sustainable urban mobility: Flexible bus service network design in the post-pandemic era"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Zhijia","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-901X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Long","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commtr.2023.100090","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission in U.S. transit buses: A scenario-based approach with agent-based simulation modeling (ABSM)","volume":"3","author":"Borjigin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Communications in Transportation Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-2615(86)90047-0","article-title":"Bus network design","volume":"20","author":"Ceder","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part B (Methodological)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2022.102631","article-title":"Real-time optimization for train regulation and stop-skipping adjustment strategy of urban rail transit lines","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2021.126244","article-title":"Customized bus passenger boarding and deboarding planning optimization model with the least number of contacts between passengers during COVID-19","volume":"582","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physica A. Statistical Mechanics and its Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b5","series-title":"New system to reduce crowding on all buses","author":"Chicago","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.03.001","article-title":"Joint optimization of scheduling and capacity for mixed traffic with autonomous and human-driven buses: A dynamic programming approach","volume":"114","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C (Emerging Technologies)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.103723","article-title":"Data-driven analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on Madrid\u2019s public transport during each phase of the pandemic","volume":"127","author":"Fernandez Pozo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2020.1857886","article-title":"Public transport planning adaption under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: Literature review of research needs and directions","volume":"41","author":"Gkiotsalitis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102422","article-title":"Transfer-based customized modular bus system design with passenger-route assignment optimization","volume":"153","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.102864","article-title":"Building back better: The COVID-19 pandemic and transport policy implications for a developing megacity","volume":"69","author":"Hasselwander","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"7820","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2404-8","article-title":"The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"584","author":"Hsiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104468","article-title":"Optimal headway-based bus dispatching strategy under the influence of epidemic outbreaks","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2015.03.002","article-title":"Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review","volume":"77","author":"Ibarra-Rojas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part B (Methodological)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.103714","article-title":"The daily urban dynamic indicator: Gauging the urban dynamic in porto during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"79","author":"Jardim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg3691","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg3691","article-title":"Safe traveling in public transport amid COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104411","article-title":"Modeling the resilience of urban mobility when exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative system dynamics approach","volume":"91","author":"Lara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b17","article-title":"Sustainability assessment of regional transportation: an innovative fuzzy group decision-making model","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE T. Intell. Transp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2022.07.014","article-title":"Skip-Stop Strategy Patterns optimization to enhance mass transit operation under physical distancing policy due to COVID-19 pandemic outbreak","volume":"126","author":"Limsawasd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112970","article-title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of Chinese cities\u2019 air quality and the impact of high-speed rail","volume":"170","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2013.06.004","article-title":"Bus stop-skipping scheme with random travel time","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C (Emerging Technologies)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2022.07.006","article-title":"An incentive subsidy mechanism for bus lines based on service level","volume":"126","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.103770","article-title":"Assessing the impact of mobility on the incidence of COVID-19 in Dublin city","volume":"80","author":"Manzira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2020.10.013","article-title":"Determining an efficient and precise choice set for public transport based on tracking data","volume":"142","author":"Marra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part A (Policy and Practice)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2022.102724","article-title":"Peak-easing strategies for urban subway operations in the context of COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"161","author":"Muren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part E-Logistics and Transportation Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrtpm.2022.100333","article-title":"A Bi-objective optimization model for the last train timetabling problem","volume":"23","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2021.01.008","article-title":"Connecting urban transportation systems with the spread of infectious diseases: A Trans-SEIR modeling approach","volume":"145","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part B (Methodological)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2022.04.001","article-title":"Dedicated bus lanes, bus speed and traffic congestion in rome","volume":"160","author":"Russo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transportation Research, Part A (Policy and Practice)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b28","article-title":"Low carbon technology for carbon neutrality in sustainable cities: A survey","volume":"92","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sust. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.120188","article-title":"Balancing the GHG emissions and operational costs for a mixed fleet of electric buses and diesel buses","volume":"328","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b30","article-title":"Evacuating metro passengers via the urban bus system under uncertain disruption recovery time and heterogeneous risk-taking behaviour","volume":"119","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C (Emerging Technologies)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b31","series-title":"METRO service modifications and safety measures in response to COVID-19","author":"Texas","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.22.1.1","article-title":"COVID-19 and public transportation: Current assessment, prospects, and research needs","volume":"22","author":"Tirachini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Public Transportation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b33","series-title":"Weekend: Metro to again run limited bus, rail service for essential travel only","author":"Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.104315","article-title":"Quantitative resilience assessment of the network-level metro rail service\u2019s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"}],"container-title":["Sustainable Cities and Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221067072300313X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221067072300313X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:05:19Z","timestamp":1761894319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221067072300313X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S221067072300313X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6707","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sustainable urban mobility: Flexible bus service network design in the post-pandemic era","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sustainable Cities and Society","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104702","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104702"}}