{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:37:01Z","timestamp":1782977821156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1482,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Saudi Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,20]],"date-time":"2009-08-20T08:23:41Z","timestamp":1250756621000},"page":"83-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Surgical management of gingival recession: A clinical update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hamdan","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadir","family":"Babay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Sukumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070414","article-title":"Free gingival grafts to increase keratinized tissue: a retrospective long-term evaluation (10 to 25 years) of outcomes","volume":"79","author":"Agudio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pedicle flaps, gingival grafts, and connective tissue grafts in aesthetic treatment of gingival recession","volume":"5","author":"Allen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pract. Periodont. Aesthet. Dent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib3","first-page":"216","article-title":"Use of the supraperiosteal envelope in soft tissue grafting for root coverage. I. Rationale and technique","volume":"14","author":"Allen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib4","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of connective tissue graft orientation on root coverage and gingival augmentation","volume":"24","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070471","article-title":"Root coverage outcome may be affected by heavy smoking: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"79","author":"Andia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01454.x","article-title":"Oral hygiene, gingivitis and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians","volume":"21","author":"Baelum","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib7","first-page":"126","article-title":"Connective tissue graft technique assuring wide root coverage","volume":"14","author":"Bruno","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.5.741","article-title":"Evidence-based mucogingival therapy. Part 2: ordinary and individual patient data meta-analyses of surgical treatment of recession using complete root coverage as the outcome variable","volume":"74","author":"Clauser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib9","first-page":"398","article-title":"Improved bone regeneration and root coverage using a resorbable membrane with physically assisted cell migration and DFDBA","volume":"20","author":"Dodge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11.1814","article-title":"Acellular dermal matrix for mucogingival surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Gapski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050426","article-title":"Modified semilunar coronally advanced flap","volume":"77","author":"Haghighat","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib12","first-page":"179","article-title":"A comparative study of two root-coverage techniques with regard to interdental papilla dimension as a prognostic factor","volume":"29","author":"Haghighati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib13","first-page":"51","article-title":"A comparative study of root coverage obtained with an acellular dermal matrix versus a connective tissue graft: results of 107 recession defects in 50 consecutively treated patients","volume":"20","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib14","first-page":"55","article-title":"GTR for root coverage: a long-term follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Harris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.5.703","article-title":"Root coverage in molar recession: report of 50 consecutive cases treated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts","volume":"74","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.5.734","article-title":"A short-term and long-term comparison of root coverage with an acellular dermal matrix and a subepithelial graft","volume":"75","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.10.1758","article-title":"A comparison of three techniques to obtain root coverage on mandibular incisors","volume":"76","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib18","first-page":"333","article-title":"Evaluation of root coverage with two connective tissue grafts obtained from the same location","volume":"27","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.10.1729","article-title":"Factors affecting the outcomes of coronally advanced flap root coverage procedure","volume":"76","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.060107","article-title":"Flap thickness as a predictor of root coverage: a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Hwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060428","article-title":"Root coverage in isolated gingival recessions using autograft versus allograft: a pilot study","volume":"78","author":"Joly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080413","article-title":"Qualitative cosmetic evaluation after root-coverage procedures","volume":"80","author":"Kerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1985.56.12.715","article-title":"Subepithelial connective tissue graft technique for root coverage","volume":"56","author":"Langer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.7.779","article-title":"Comparative histologic analysis of coronally advanced flap with and without collagen membrane for root coverage","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.2.168","article-title":"Root coverage: comparison of coronally positioned flap with and without titanium-reinforced barrier membrane","volume":"74","author":"Lins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib27","first-page":"9","article-title":"The value of periodontal plastic surgery-root coverage","volume":"24","author":"Maynard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib28","first-page":"544","article-title":"A combined flap for root coverage","volume":"18","author":"Milano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib29","first-page":"8","article-title":"A classification of marginal tissue recession","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib30","first-page":"14","article-title":"Root coverage using the free soft tissue autograft following citric acid application. III. A successful and predictable procedure in areas of deep-wide recession","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1987.58.10.674","article-title":"Root coverage with the free gingival graft. Factors associated with incomplete coverage","volume":"58","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050047","article-title":"Connective tissue graft for gingival recession treatment: assessment of the maximum graft dimensions at the palatal vault as a donor site","volume":"77","author":"Monnet-Corti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib33","first-page":"171","article-title":"Failure of root coverage of shallow gingival recessions employing GTR and a bioresorbable membrane","volume":"21","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib34","first-page":"461","article-title":"Root coverage with cultured gingival dermal substitute composed of gingival fibroblasts and matrix: a case series","volume":"28","author":"Murata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00797.x","article-title":"The natural history of periodontal disease in humans: risk factors for tooth loss in caries-free subjects receiving no oral health care","volume":"32","author":"Neely","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.9.1064","article-title":"Coronally advanced flap procedure for root coverage. Treatment of root surface: root planning versus polishing","volume":"70","author":"Pini-Prato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1985.56.7.397","article-title":"Covering localized areas of root exposure employing the \u201cenvelope\u201d technique","volume":"56","author":"Raetzke","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib38","first-page":"130","article-title":"The subepithelial connective tissue graft palatal donor site: anatomic considerations for surgeons","volume":"16","author":"Reiser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1976.tb01607.x","article-title":"Prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical toothcleansing procedures","volume":"4","author":"Sangnes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib40","first-page":"77","article-title":"Connective tissue grafting employing the tunnel technique: a case report of complete root coverage in the anterior maxilla","volume":"21","author":"Santarelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1987.0236","article-title":"Root surface caries: a critical literature review","volume":"115","author":"Seichter","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00278.x","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene","volume":"21","author":"Serino","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1997.68.8.770","article-title":"Development and clinical evaluation of a root coverage procedure using a collagen barrier membrane","volume":"68","author":"Shieh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070302","article-title":"Thickness of posterior palatal masticatory mucosa: the use of computerized tomography","volume":"79","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070479","article-title":"Subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage in smokers and non-smokers: a clinical and histologic controlled study in humans","volume":"79","author":"Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1377","article-title":"Gingival recession: epidemiology and risk indicators in a representative urban Brazilian population","volume":"75","author":"Susin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01456.x","article-title":"Semilunar coronally repositioned flap","volume":"13","author":"Tarnow","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib48","first-page":"261","article-title":"The predictability of root coverage by way of free gingival autografts and citric acid application: an evaluation by multiple clinicians","volume":"11","author":"Tolmie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1995.66.1.14","article-title":"Healing response of human buccal gingival recessions treated with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. A retrospective report","volume":"66","author":"Trombelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(01)00035-5","article-title":"Gingival recession \u2013 its significance and management","volume":"29","author":"Tugnait","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02416.x","article-title":"Gingival recession and its association with calculus in subjects deprived of prophylactic dental care","volume":"25","author":"van Palenstein Helderman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib52","first-page":"119","article-title":"Use of bone grafts for the enhancement of a GTR-based root coverage procedure: a pilot case study","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.10.1407","article-title":"Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age","volume":"72","author":"Wara-aswapati","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1996.1.1.671","article-title":"Mucogingival therapy","volume":"1","author":"Wennstrom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib55","first-page":"561","article-title":"Full-thickness flap\/subepithelial connective tissue grafting with intramarrow penetrations: three case reports of lingual root coverage","volume":"25","author":"Wilcko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.12.2286","article-title":"Long-term outcome following treatment of multiple Miller class I and II recession defects in esthetic areas of the mouth","volume":"76","author":"Zucchelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.12.1734","article-title":"Laterally moved, coronally advanced flap: a modified surgical approach for isolated recession-type defects","volume":"75","author":"Zucchelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050038","article-title":"Clinical and anatomical factors limiting treatment outcomes of gingival recession: a new method to predetermine the line of root coverage","volume":"77","author":"Zucchelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080485","article-title":"Hand and ultrasonic instrumentation in combination with root-coverage surgery: a comparative controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Zucchelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."}],"container-title":["The Saudi Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1013905209000078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1013905209000078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T17:21:55Z","timestamp":1736184115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1013905209000078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1013905209000078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2009.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1013-9052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1013-9052","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}