{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:07:41Z","timestamp":1793383661528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Saudi Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T02:19:38Z","timestamp":1614305978000},"page":"424-433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hafiz M.","family":"Moin Anwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamad N.","family":"Albagieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mythili","family":"Kalladka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1953-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmeet K.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaima","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean W.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, S., et al., An empirical study of questionnaires for the diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. In: 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Honolulu, HI, pp. 4097\u20134100.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2018.8513389"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.137","article-title":"et al., Nocturnal enuresis is associated with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in children with snoring","volume":"76","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.1.74","article-title":"Natural history of snoring and related behaviour problems between the ages of 4 and 7 years","volume":"71","author":"Ali","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6586","article-title":"Automated screening of children with obstructive sleep apnea using nocturnal oximetry: an alternative to respiratory polygraphy in unattended settings","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.04.022","article-title":"Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"144","author":"Angelieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthoped."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0030","first-page":"124","article-title":"Relationship between cephalometric characteristics and obstructive sites in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Baik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.02.019","article-title":"Does rapid maxillary expansion have long-term effects on airway dimensions and breathing?","volume":"140","author":"Baratieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthoped."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.04.009","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and orthodontics: An American Association of Orthodontists White Paper","volume":"156","author":"Behrents","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthoped."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1930OC","article-title":"Adenotonsillectomy outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"182","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084956","article-title":"Breastfeeding and snoring: a birth cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Brew","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80231-X","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in infants and children","volume":"100","author":"Brouillette","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pediat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.405","article-title":"Nocturnal pulse oximetry as an abbreviated testing modality for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"105","author":"Brouillette","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.2005136","article-title":"The relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea in whites and in African-Americans","volume":"163","author":"Cakirer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0070","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"69","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2010.53.10.863","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and sequelae","volume":"53","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J. Pediat."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1051\/odfen\/2009035","article-title":"Cranio-facial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea: the role of dento-facial orthopedics","volume":"12","author":"Cohen-L\u00e9vy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dentofacial Anomal. Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.5.523","article-title":"A modified monobloc for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in paediatric patients","volume":"26","author":"Cozza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.034","article-title":"Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short-and long-term effects","volume":"134","author":"De Felippe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.27.2.27934221l1846711","article-title":"Impact of nasal airway obstruction on dentofacial development and sleep disturbances in children: preliminary notes","volume":"27","author":"Defabjanis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediat. Dentist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0636-4","article-title":"A case\u2013control study of craniofacial features of children with obstructed sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200108000-00004","article-title":"Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in very young patients to correct airway obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Denny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.4.397","article-title":"Evaluation of nasal airway resistance during rapid maxillary expansion using acoustic rhinometry","volume":"26","author":"Doruk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.045","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"62","author":"Drager","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. College Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1.19","article-title":"Prevalence of snoring and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children in Istanbul","volume":"126","author":"Ersu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199912000-00002","article-title":"Clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"109","author":"Friedman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-014-0068-3","article-title":"Effects of twin-block appliance on the anatomy of pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) in class II malocclusion subjects","volume":"15","author":"Ghodke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.4.963","article-title":"Snoring, apneic episodes, and nocturnal hypoxemia among children 6 months to 6 years old: an epidemiologic study of lower limit of prevalence","volume":"107","author":"Gislason","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.196","article-title":"Symptoms related to sleep-disordered breathing in white and Hispanic children: the Tucson Children\u2019s Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study","volume":"124","author":"Goodwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.01.013","article-title":"Critical role of myofascial reeducation in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"14","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.8.775","article-title":"Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pediat. Adolescent Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.871","article-title":"Recognition of sleep-disordered breathing in children","volume":"98","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0160","first-page":"953","article-title":"Orthodontic expansion treatment and adenotonsillectomy in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in prepubertal children","volume":"31","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn055","article-title":"Long-term changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions following activator-headgear and fixed appliance treatment","volume":"30","author":"H\u00e4nggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90258-7","article-title":"The effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal airway resistance","volume":"92","author":"Hartgerink","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0175","first-page":"345","article-title":"On the edge between medicine and dentistry: Review of the dentist's role in the diagnosis and treatment of snoring and sleep apnea","volume":"45","author":"Haviv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8122120","article-title":"Transition to adult care for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"8","author":"Heffernan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.11.002","article-title":"Sleep problems are more frequent and associated with problematic behaviors in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"49\u201350","author":"Hirata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0769-0","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"17","author":"Hoth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"003","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0195","article-title":"Short lingual frenulum and obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwasaki, T., et al., 2009. Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 136(3), 318. e311\u2013318. e319.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.02.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.014","article-title":"Tongue posture improvement and pharyngeal airway enlargement as secondary effects of rapid maxillary expansion: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"143","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.104000","article-title":"Quality and readability of online information on dental treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"133","author":"Jo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.08.015","article-title":"Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing and changes in quality of life with rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"144","author":"Katyal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-111MG","article-title":"Pathophysiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Katz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thoracic Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01644.x","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in preschool children with sleep-related breathing disorder and hypertrophy of tonsils","volume":"91","author":"Kawashima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0230","first-page":"985","article-title":"Mallampati score and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med.: JCSM: Off. Publ. Am. Acad. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(01)00070-3","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of behavioral and cognitive sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"3","author":"Lewin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.2.156","article-title":"Use of tonsil size in the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"87","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12593","article-title":"Management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Dent."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70101-X","article-title":"Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity","volume":"107","author":"Lowe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-135MG","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Lumeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thoracic Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0260","first-page":"e465","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion and obstructive sleep apnea: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Machado-J\u00fanior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patolog\u00eda Oral y Cirug\u00eda Bucal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1672","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0270","first-page":"181","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Marino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McColley, S.A., 2005. Primary snoring in children. In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, pp. 263\u2013267.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9458-0.50028-3"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.099","article-title":"Mandibular distraction osteogenesis for pediatric airway management","volume":"68","author":"Miloro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S2173-5735(11)70023-0","article-title":"Dentofacial development abnormalities in paediatric sleep-related breathing disorders","volume":"62","author":"Mor\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-113MG","article-title":"Diagnostic issues in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thoracic Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0295","first-page":"174","article-title":"Dental treatment for paediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Ngiam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.7.903","article-title":"Physical examination: Mallampati score as an independent predictor of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"29","author":"Nuckton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0810","article-title":"Updates on definition, consequences, and management of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"86","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.04.012","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a 12-year follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Pirelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn061","article-title":"Dental arch morphology in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"31","author":"Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-24288-2.00143-4","article-title":"Oropharyngeal growth and skeletal malformations","author":"Quo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Principles Pract. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.5.9809079","article-title":"Risk factors for sleep-disordered breathing in children: associations with obesity, race, and respiratory problems","volume":"159","author":"Redline","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02199.x","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway dimensions after treatment with functional appliances in class II retrognathic children","volume":"38","author":"Restrepo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.2319\/030411-157.1","article-title":"Upper airway expansion after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated with cone beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199906)27:6<403::AID-PPUL7>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome in otherwise healthy children","volume":"27","author":"Rosen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0345","series-title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Causes, Treatment and Health Implications","author":"Sacchetti","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2004.00589.x","article-title":"The German study on sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children: epidemiological approach, representativeness of study sample, and preliminary screening results","volume":"18","author":"Schlaud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2319\/052710-233.1","article-title":"Class II correction improves nocturnal breathing in adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1051\/odfen\/2009033","article-title":"How to detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in children","volume":"12","author":"Seailles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dentofacial Anomal. Orthod."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.5.1709","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of habitual snoring in high school students","volume":"124","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.15331\/jdsm.7046","article-title":"A review of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and the role of the dentist","volume":"5","author":"Stauffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/17.1.57","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea: a cephalometric study. Part II. Uvulo-glossopharyngeal morphology","volume":"17","author":"Tangugsorn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.067","article-title":"Persistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children after adenotonsillectomy","volume":"149","author":"Tauman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.177100","article-title":"Volumetric changes in pharyngeal airway in Class II division 1 patients treated with Forsus-fixed functional appliance: A three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"7","author":"Temani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dentist."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.110122","article-title":"Follow-up of primary snoring in children","volume":"138","author":"Topol","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2017.02.001","article-title":"Efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Vale","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evidence Dent. Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.12.010","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of facial pattern and hyoid bone position in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Vieira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2011031","article-title":"Randomized controlled study of an oral jaw-positioning appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children with malocclusion","volume":"165","author":"Villa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1011-z","article-title":"Oropharyngeal exercises to reduce symptoms of OSA after AT","volume":"19","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0505-1","article-title":"Efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 36 months of follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Villa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.11.019","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion outcomes in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children","volume":"16","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.04.009","article-title":"Changes in airway dimensions following functional appliances in growing patients with skeletal class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Xiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0840-5","article-title":"Effects of twin block appliance on obstructive sleep apnea in children: a preliminary study","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."}],"container-title":["The Saudi Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1013905221000158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1013905221000158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1736166474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1013905221000158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1013905221000158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1013-9052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1013-9052","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Saudi Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}