{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:36:18Z","timestamp":1781591778811,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T15:15:27Z","timestamp":1344957327000},"page":"665-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The efficacy and safety of retigabine and other adjunctive treatments for refractory partial epilepsy: A systematic review and indirect comparison"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marrissa","family":"Martyn-St James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Glanville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"McCool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Hugel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0053-7","article-title":"New molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs: alpha(2)delta, SV2A, and K(v)7\/KCNQ\/M potassium channels","volume":"8","author":"Rogawski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0010","series-title":"NICE clinical guidelines CG137: the epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01251.x","article-title":"The new antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of their efficacy and tolerability","volume":"38","author":"Marson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0020","series-title":"Single technology appraisal (STA): specification for manufacturer\/sponsor submission of evidence","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0030","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for sytematic reviews of interventions","article-title":"Chapter 9: analysing and presenting results","author":"Deeks","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fd6170","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of adjunctive ezogabine (retigabine) in refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"75","author":"Brodie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182194bd3","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ezogabine (retigabine) in partial epilepsy","volume":"76","author":"French","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259034.45049.00","article-title":"Randomized, multicenter, dose-ranging trial of retigabine for partial-onset seizures","volume":"68","author":"Porter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.01.014","article-title":"Eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy in adult patients with partial epilepsy","volume":"89","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01946.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III study","volume":"50","author":"Elger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01218.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 800 and 1200mg eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures","volume":"120","author":"Gil-Nagel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01188.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures","volume":"48","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02496.x","article-title":"Lacosamide as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01951.x","article-title":"Adjunctive lacosamide for partial-onset seizures: efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Halasz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00082-X","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tiagabine given three-times daily as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures. Northern European Tiagabine Study Group","volume":"30","author":"Kalviainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550170069016","article-title":"Tiagabine therapy for complex partial seizures. A dose-frequency study. The Tiagabine Study Group","volume":"54","author":"Sachdeo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.1.56","article-title":"Tiagabine for complex partial seizures: a randomized, add-on, dose\u2013response trial","volume":"55","author":"Uthman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0095","first-page":"31","article-title":"Dose-dependent safety and efficacy of zonisamide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with refractory partial seizures","volume":"46","author":"Brodie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.11403.x","article-title":"Randomized, controlled clinical trial of zonisamide as adjunctive treatment for refractory partial seizures","volume":"45","author":"Sackellares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(93)90011-U","article-title":"Zonisamide for add-on treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: a European double-blind trial","volume":"15","author":"Schmidt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.31203.x","article-title":"Pregabalin add-on treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose\u2013response study in adults with partial seizures","volume":"45","author":"Arroyo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150932.48688.BE","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of two pregabalin regimens for add-on treatment of partial epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Beydoun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00341.x","article-title":"Pregabalin add-on treatment in patients with partial seizures: a novel evaluation of flexible-dose and fixed-dose treatment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Elger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068024.20285.65","article-title":"Dose\u2013response trial of pregabalin adjunctive therapy in patients with partial seizures","volume":"60","author":"French","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01954.x","article-title":"Pregabalin add-on therapy using a flexible, optimized dose schedule in refractory partial epilepsies: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.04.002","article-title":"Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making: report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices: part 1","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.6.431","article-title":"Meta-analysis: its strengths and limitations","volume":"75","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b1147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1147","article-title":"Methodological problems in the use of indirect comparisons for evaluating healthcare interventions: survey of published systematic reviews","volume":"338","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10093","article-title":"Topiramate titration and tolerability","volume":"35","author":"Biton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02915.x","article-title":"Factors determining response to antiepileptic drugs in randomized controlled trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Rheims","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000159956.87511.67","article-title":"Meta-analysis and indirect comparisons of levetiracetam with other second-generation antiepileptic drugs in partial epilepsy","volume":"28","author":"Otoul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03047.x","article-title":"Clinical comparability of the new antiepileptic drugs in refractory partial epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.025","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug therapy: does mechanism of action matter?","volume":"21","author":"Brodie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.03.037","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug discovery: does mechanism of action matter?","volume":"21","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.004","article-title":"Combining antiepileptic drugs \u2013 rational polytherapy?","volume":"20","author":"Brodie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.008","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug combinations \u2013 have newer agents altered clinical outcomes?","volume":"98","author":"Stephen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"}],"container-title":["Seizure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131112001884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131112001884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:41:11Z","timestamp":1761010871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1059131112001884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1059131112001884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The efficacy and safety of retigabine and other adjunctive treatments for refractory partial epilepsy: A systematic review and indirect comparison","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.07.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}