{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:50:50Z","timestamp":1784922650944,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T16:32:17Z","timestamp":1490200337000},"page":"36-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of VPA on bone: From clinical studies to cell cultures\u2014The molecular mechanisms revisited"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Dimitris A.","family":"Pitetzis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha G.","family":"Spilioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Yovos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria P.","family":"Yavropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0005","first-page":"385","article-title":"On the propyl derivatives and decomposition products of ethylacetate","volume":"3","author":"Burton","year":"1882","journal-title":"Am Chem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0010","first-page":"435","article-title":"Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s pharmacodynamiques de l\u2019\u00e1cide n-propylac\u00e9tique","volume":"18","author":"Meunier","year":"1963","journal-title":"Th\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0015","first-page":"577","article-title":"Communication concerning 1 st clinical tests of the anticonvulsive activity of N-dipropylacetic acid (sodium salt)","volume":"122","author":"Carraz","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0020","article-title":"Anti-convulsant drug valproic acid in cancers and in combination anti-cancer therapeutics 2","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Chem Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0025","first-page":"204","article-title":"Osteoclastogenesis\u2013current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Yavropoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.3.377","article-title":"The cell biology of osteoclast function","volume":"113","author":"Vaananen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1365.035","article-title":"Bone remodeling","volume":"1092","author":"Hadjidakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80257-3","article-title":"Osf2\/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation","volume":"89","author":"Ducy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190412331279890","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.07.016","article-title":"Bone remodeling: Multiple cellular interactions required for coupling of bone formation and resorption","volume":"19","author":"Sims","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.2929","article-title":"TGF-beta and BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0479-3","article-title":"Cellular communications in bone homeostasis and repair","volume":"67","author":"Nakahama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240550303","article-title":"Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling: the spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone","volume":"55","author":"Parfitt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0597-7","article-title":"Potential effects of valproate and oxcarbazepine on growth velocity and bone metabolism in epileptic children- a medical center experience","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(03)00036-2","article-title":"Bone mineral density in an outpatient population receiving enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs","volume":"4","author":"Pack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70304-7","article-title":"Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone mineral density","volume":"127","author":"Sheth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.1999.0301","article-title":"Bone density and antiepileptic drugs: a case-controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Stephen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.13002.x","article-title":"Increased bone turnover in prepubertal: pubertal, and postpubertal patients receiving carbamazepine","volume":"43","author":"Verrotti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2006.11.007","article-title":"A 6-month longitudinal study of bone mineral density with antiepileptic drug monotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2002.01561.x","article-title":"Bone mineral status in ambulatory pediatric patients on long-term anti-epileptic drug therapy","volume":"44","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.416800.x","article-title":"Long-term valproate and lamotrigine treatment may be a marker for reduced growth and bone mass in children with epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20378","article-title":"Bone mass and turnover in women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Pack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00474.x","article-title":"Epilepsy: osteoporosis and fracture risk \u2013 a meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380401900105011","article-title":"Effects of valproic acid on longitudinal bone growth","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-3-36","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs and bone metabolism","volume":"3","author":"Valsamis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00039-3","article-title":"Evaluation of bone mineral density in children receiving antiepileptic drugs","volume":"19","author":"Akin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.10.001","article-title":"Homocysteine and bone loss in epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2000.13.7.933","article-title":"Evaluation of bone mineral metabolism in children receiving carbamazepine and valproic acid","volume":"13","author":"Erbayat Altay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000310981.44676.de","article-title":"Bone health in young women with epilepsy after one year of antiepileptic drug monotherapy","volume":"70","author":"Pack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.025","article-title":"The bone mineral content alterations in pediatric patients medicated with levetiracetam, valproic acid, and carbamazepine","volume":"51","author":"Serin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210050101","article-title":"Bone mineral status in pediatric outpatients on antiepileptic drug monotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Tekgul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.12.015","article-title":"Effect of long-term valproate monotherapy on bone mineral density in adults with epilepsy","volume":"290","author":"Triantafyllou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.04.019","article-title":"Bone health and vitamin D status in young epilepsy patients on valproate monotherapy","volume":"146","author":"Albaghdadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.5.781","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug-induced bone loss in young male patients who have seizures","volume":"59","author":"Andress","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.03.004","article-title":"Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density","volume":"35","author":"Babayigit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2003.11.011","article-title":"The effect of valproate on bone mineral density in adult epileptic patients","volume":"50","author":"Boluk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.04.013","article-title":"Fractures in epilepsy children","volume":"19","author":"Gniatkowska-Nowakowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00142","article-title":"Bone status in patients with epilepsy: relationship to markers of bone remodeling","volume":"5","author":"Hamed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800205","article-title":"Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density in children between ages 6 and 12 years","volume":"38","author":"Kafali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2006-190411","article-title":"Effect of carbamezapine and valproic acid on bone mineral density: IGF-I and IGFBP-3","volume":"19","author":"Kumandas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00431.x","article-title":"Bone mineral metabolism changes in epileptic children receiving valproic acid","volume":"40","author":"Oner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.6.e107","article-title":"Analysis of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents receiving anticonvulsant monotherapy with valproic acid or carbamazepine","author":"Rieger-Wettengl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.445","article-title":"Decreased bone mass and increased bone turnover with valproate therapy in adults with epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Sato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0220","first-page":"728","article-title":"Effect of carbamazepine and valproate on bone metabolism in children with epilepsy","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500021","article-title":"Effects of antiepileptic drugs on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjopharm.2010.02.003","article-title":"A review of the effect of anticonvulsant medications on bone mineral density and fracture risk","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Pharmacother"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.18804.x","article-title":"Fracture risk associated with use of antiepileptic drugs","volume":"45","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.341","article-title":"Association of antiepileptic drugs with nontraumatic fractures: a population-based analysis","volume":"68","author":"Jette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.04.018","article-title":"Association between use of antiepileptic drugs and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-211","article-title":"The impact of the use of antiepileptic drugs on the growth of children","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.03.008","article-title":"Fish liver oil and propolis as protective natural products against the effect of the anti-epileptic drug valproate on immunological markers of bone formation in rats","volume":"80","author":"Elwakkad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02773.x","article-title":"A 12-month longitudinal study of calcium metabolism and bone turnover during valproate monotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Verrotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.020","article-title":"Early detection of bone metabolism changes under different antiepileptic drugs (ED-BoM-AED)\u2014a prospective multicenter study","volume":"106","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0270","first-page":"338","article-title":"Bone turnover markers in epileptic patients under chronic valproate therapy","volume":"18","author":"Zare","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2002.0671","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzyme activity for the evaluation of bone metabolism in children receiving anticonvulsant monotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Voudris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03402.x","article-title":"Chronic antiepileptic monotherapy: bone metabolism, and body composition in non-institutionalized children","volume":"52","author":"Rauchenzauner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0285","first-page":"112","article-title":"Comparison of 25-hydroxy vitamin D: calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels in epileptic and non-epileptic children","volume":"22","author":"Razazizan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0290","first-page":"16","article-title":"An examination of the mutual effects of valproic acid: carbamazepine, and phenobarbital on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and thyroid function tests","volume":"45","author":"Turan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2310\/7010.2006.00050","article-title":"Effects of anticonvulsant therapy on vitamin D status in children: prospective monitoring study","volume":"21","author":"Nicolaidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050813","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote osteoblast maturation","volume":"20","author":"Schroeder","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-8-362","article-title":"Gene profile analysis of osteoblast genes differentially regulated by histone deacetylase inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Schroeder","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.06.011","article-title":"Valproate reduces collagen and osteonectin in cultured bone cells","volume":"106","author":"Humphrey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071104","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 7 associates with Runx2 and represses its activity during osteoblast maturation in a deacetylation-independent manner","volume":"23","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9418","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16051-0","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"363","author":"Rauch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-221044","article-title":"Osteonectin-null mutation compromises osteoblast formation: maturation, and survival","volume":"144","author":"Delany","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4137\/DTI.S6534","article-title":"The effect of valproic Acid on mesenchymal pluripotent cell proliferation and differentiation in extracellular matrices","volume":"5","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.4.2074","article-title":"Synthesis and localization of fibronectin during collagenous matrix-mesenchymal cell interaction and differentiation of cartilage and bone in vivo","volume":"77","author":"Weiss","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041270318","article-title":"Regulation of cell attachment and cell number by fibronectin and laminin","volume":"127","author":"Terranova","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041530205","article-title":"Growth on type I collagen promotes expression of the osteoblastic phenotype in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells","volume":"153","author":"Andrianarivo","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0169(1999)42:3<241::AID-CM7>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Antiepileptic teratogen valproic acid (VPA) modulates organisation and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton","volume":"42","author":"Walmod","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskelet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000170914.11898.3a","article-title":"Valproic acid-induced skeletal malformations: associated gene expression cascades","volume":"15","author":"Massa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610495","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/610495","article-title":"Migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic Acid","volume":"2014","author":"Marquez-Curtis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p135","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030135","article-title":"The non-genomic actions of vitamin D","volume":"8","author":"Hii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02529.x","article-title":"Clinically relevant drug interactions with antiepileptic drugs","volume":"61","author":"Perucca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.11.008","article-title":"Valproic acid augments vitamin D receptor-mediated induction of CYP24 by vitamin D3: a possible cause of valproic acid-induced osteomalacia?","volume":"200","author":"Vrzal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4530","DOI":"10.1021\/bi030207f","article-title":"Novel metabolism of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with C24-C25 bond cleavage catalyzed by human CYP24A1","volume":"43","author":"Sawada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.014456","article-title":"Valproic acid induces CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by activation of constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor pathways","volume":"35","author":"Cerveny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.02.002","article-title":"Hormonal and reproductive disturbances in epileptic male patients: emerging issues","volume":"31","author":"Verrotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.003","article-title":"Effects of levetiracetam and valproic acid monotherapy on sex-steroid hormones in prepubertal children\u2013results from a pilot study","volume":"88","author":"Rauchenzauner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.1.31","article-title":"Reproductive effects of valproate: carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine in men with epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Rattya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2005.07.003","article-title":"Valproate is an anti-androgen and anti-progestin","volume":"70","author":"Death","year":"2005","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650902752376","article-title":"Carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity","volume":"47","author":"Lheureux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00899.x","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs alter reproductive endocrine hormones in men with epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Roste","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-004-0147-4","article-title":"L-carnitine and isovaleryl L-carnitine fumarate positively affect human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro","volume":"76","author":"Colucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9109-6","article-title":"L: -carnitine fumarate and isovaleryl-L: -carnitine fumarate accelerate the recovery of bone volume\/total volume ratio after experimetally induced osteoporosis in pregnant mice","volume":"82","author":"Patano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213502614","article-title":"The role of carnitine on ovariectomy and inflammation-induced osteoporosis in rats","volume":"238","author":"Orsal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.02.026","article-title":"Dietary l-carnitine supplementation improves bone mineral density by suppressing bone turnover in aged ovariectomized rats","volume":"15","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2165\/11318950-000000000-00000","article-title":"Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) or hyponatraemia associated with valproic Acid: four case reports from the Netherlands and a case\/non-case analysis of vigibase","volume":"33","author":"Beers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0445","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion induced by sodium valproate","volume":"65","author":"Beve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1736","article-title":"Adverse events with use of antiepileptic drugs: a prescription and event symmetry analysis","volume":"18","author":"Tsiropoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811421985","article-title":"Evaluation of subclinical hypothyroidism in ambulatory children with controlled epilepsy on valproate monotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Sahu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823429a7","article-title":"Thyroid adverse effects of psychotropic drugs: a review","volume":"34","author":"Bou Khalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0325","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy during long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate","volume":"160","author":"Verrotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.26003.x","article-title":"Thyroid function in girls with epilepsy with carbamazepine: oxcarbazepine, or valproate monotherapy and after withdrawal of medication","volume":"45","author":"Vainionpaa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951110000697","article-title":"Assessment of low-density lipoprotein oxidation: paraoxonase activity, and arterial distensibility in epileptic children who were treated with anti-epileptic drugs","volume":"20","author":"Yildiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.04.005","article-title":"Thyroid hormone levels in children receiving carbamazepine or valproate","volume":"45","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.627486","article-title":"Thyroid hormones in children on antiepileptic therapy","volume":"20","author":"Aygun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.07.014","article-title":"Reversible effects of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid hormones in men and women with epilepsy: a prospective randomized double-blind withdrawal study","volume":"16","author":"Lossius","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"}],"container-title":["Seizure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131117300109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131117300109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:48:05Z","timestamp":1761011285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1059131117300109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S1059131117300109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of VPA on bone: From clinical studies to cell cultures\u2014The molecular mechanisms revisited","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}