{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:30:00Z","timestamp":1776360600284,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T01:38:48Z","timestamp":1557711528000},"page":"251-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outcomes of pregnant women with refractory epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Kusznir Vitturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Barreto Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristine","family":"Mella Cukiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2004.07.004","article-title":"Pregnancy in women who have epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Pennell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02128.x","article-title":"Management issues for women with epilepsy-Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): I. Obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency","volume":"50","author":"Harden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163771.96962.1F","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring","volume":"64","author":"Artama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.142","article-title":"Affect of seizures during gestation on pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.02.020","article-title":"The impact of seizures on pregnancy and delivery","volume":"28","author":"Sveberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.15104.x","article-title":"Navigating toward fetal and maternal health: the challenge of treating epilepsy in pregnancy","volume":"45","author":"Tomson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12302","article-title":"Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry","volume":"54","author":"Vajda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000195888.51845.80","article-title":"Seizure control and treatment in pregnancy: observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry","volume":"66","author":"Tomson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.128644","article-title":"Approaches to refractory epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Engel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02525.x","article-title":"Pregnancy registries: differences, similarities, and possible harmonization","volume":"51","author":"Tomson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.06.003","article-title":"Adherence to treatment in patients with epilepsy: associations with seizure control and illness beliefs","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000129496.05898.02","article-title":"The concordance of self-report with other measures of medication adherence: a summary of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Garber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.09.008","article-title":"Epilepsy in pregnancy","volume":"37","author":"Harden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000431383.14061.e6","article-title":"Pregnancy, epilepsy, and women\u2019s issues","volume":"19","author":"Pennell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01105010063","article-title":"Pregnant women with epilepsy in a developing country","volume":"5","author":"Kochen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Neurol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-0974-0","article-title":"The course of epilepsy and seizure control in pregnant women","volume":"118","author":"Shahla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03439.x","article-title":"Predictors of seizures during pregnancy in women with epilepsy","volume":"53","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12302","article-title":"Seizure control and treatment changes in pregnancy: Observations from the EURAP epilepsy pregnancy registry","volume":"54","author":"Battino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.10.017","article-title":"Predicting epileptic seizure control during pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Vajda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12479","article-title":"Does pregnancy per se make epilepsy worse?","volume":"133","author":"Vajda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2007.11.015","article-title":"Seizure control and pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs in pregnant women with epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Brodtkorb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01412.x","article-title":"Seizure control in antiepileptic drug-treated pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Vajda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.06.026","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug clearance and seizure frequency during pregnancy in women with epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Reisinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1985.tb01942.x","article-title":"Risk Factors for the Increased Seizure Frequency during Pregnancy and Puerperium","volume":"39","author":"Otani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285615623934","article-title":"Management of epilepsy during pregnancy: an update","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13586","article-title":"Medication adherence in women with epilepsy who are planning pregnancy","volume":"57","author":"Ernst L de","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.02.006","article-title":"Factors associated with treatment non-adherence in patients with epilepsy in Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3189108","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug nonadherence and its predictors among people with epilepsy","author":"Getnet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.03.034","article-title":"Status epilepticus associated with pregnancy: a cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.07.002","article-title":"Status epilepticus in pregnancy: etiology, management, and clinical outcomes","volume":"76","author":"Rajiv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.007","article-title":"Status epilepticus in pregnant women with epilepsy after valproate adjustment: a case series","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03004.x","article-title":"Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy: a hospital-based, retrospective study","volume":"118","author":"Borthen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0170","first-page":"108","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome of 149 pregnancies in women with epilepsy: experience from a tertiary care hospital","volume":"7","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interv Med Appl Sci"},{"issue":"10006","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00045-8","article-title":"Epilepsy in pregnancy and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"386","author":"Viale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.01.007","article-title":"Seizure occurrence, pregnancy outcome among women with active convulsive epilepsy: one year prospective study","volume":"26","author":"Watila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00386.x","article-title":"Community-based, prospective, controlled study of obstetric and neonatal outcome of 179 pregnancies in women with epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Viinikainen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02141.x","article-title":"The management of epilepsy in pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a6b2f8","article-title":"Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy - Focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology A","volume":"73","author":"Harden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2017051007054","article-title":"Caesarean birth rates in public and privately funded hospitals: a cross-sectional study","volume":"51","author":"Alonso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S118336","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs prescribed in pregnancy and prevalence of major congenital malformations: comparative prevalence studies","volume":"9","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02147.x","article-title":"Pregnancy, delivery, and outcome for the child in maternal epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Veiby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70107-7","article-title":"Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry","volume":"10","author":"Tomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30107-8","article-title":"Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry","volume":"17","author":"Tomson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70103-5","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs","volume":"11","author":"Tomson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182574f39","article-title":"Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01359.x","article-title":"Foetal malformations and seizure control: 52 Months data of the Australian Pregnancy Registry","volume":"13","author":"Vajda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.156109","article-title":"Folic acid use and major congenital malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and pregnancy register","volume":"80","author":"Morrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1228","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006240","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug clearances during pregnancy and clinical implications for women with epilepsy","volume":"91","author":"Voinescu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Seizure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105913111930216X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105913111930216X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:55:10Z","timestamp":1761011710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S105913111930216X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S105913111930216X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outcomes of pregnant women with refractory epilepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}