{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:14:10Z","timestamp":1790741650484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1602933206000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Catastrophising and repetitive negative thinking tendencies in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Whitfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liat","family":"Levita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.09.035","article-title":"Alterations of consciousness in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: emotion, emotion regulation and dissociation","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2009.06.004","article-title":"The etiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: toward a biopsychosocial model","author":"Reuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.01.003","article-title":"Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.12.037","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared with epilepsy","author":"Diprose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01222.x","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy: a population-based analysis","author":"Tellez-Zenteno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.05.014","article-title":"Comorbid depression and associated factors in PNES versus epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Walsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.06.003","article-title":"Towards an integrative theory of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)","volume":"47","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.1999.0334","article-title":"Headaches and other pain symptoms among patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","author":"Ettinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.12.007","article-title":"A spell in the epilepsy clinic and a history of \u201cchronic pain\u201d or \u201cfibromyalgia\u201d independently predict a diagnosis of psychogenic seizures","author":"Benbadis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.4.524","article-title":"The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0060","article-title":"Stress and other psychosocial characteristics of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","author":"Lumley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0065","unstructured":"T. E, U. Z, K. W, K. W, S. S, A. E. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.06.014","article-title":"The relationship between worry, rumination, and comorbidity: evidence for repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic construct","author":"McEvoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005587311498","article-title":"Craske MG. Worry and rumination: repetitive thought as a concomitant and predictor of negative mood","author":"Segerstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222675","article-title":"Avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing: shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders","author":"MacDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.07.018","article-title":"Summed score of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was a reliable and valid method for depression screening in chronically ill elderly patients","author":"Lamers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0100","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural science","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0110","series-title":"Multiple Imputation for nonresponse in surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0115","unstructured":"IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk NIC. No Title, n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.03.007","article-title":"Emotion processing and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a cross-sectional comparison of patients and healthy controls","volume":"29","author":"Novakova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.03.013","article-title":"Illness beliefs and locus of control","author":"Stone","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.02.016","article-title":"Anxiety and avoidance in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: the role of implicit and explicit anxiety","volume":"33","author":"Dimaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.06.006","article-title":"Automatic avoidance tendencies in patients with Psychogenic Non Epileptic Seizures","author":"Bakvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.09.007","article-title":"Catastrophising and normalising in patient\u2019s accounts of their seizure experiences","volume":"21","author":"Robson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000310","article-title":"Interpretation training to target repetitive negative thinking in generalized anxiety disorder and depression","author":"Hirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00147-8","article-title":"Cognitions in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder patients. A prospective approach","author":"Breitholtz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200103000-00008","article-title":"Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.090282","article-title":"Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for residual depression: Phase II randomised controlled trial","author":"Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14768320500105346","article-title":"Daily worrying and somatic health complaints: testing the effectiveness of a simple worry reduction intervention","author":"Brosschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2013.769621","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing as repetitive negative thinking: a development of the conceptualization","author":"Flink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.035","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","author":"Rawlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.02.016","article-title":"Anxiety and avoidance in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: the role of implicit and explicit anxiety","author":"Dimaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.06.014","article-title":"Deconstructing stigma in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: an exploratory study","author":"Rawlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.01.001","article-title":"Health related quality of life of people with non-epileptic seizures: the role of socio-demographic characteristics and stigma","author":"Robson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.020","article-title":"Heart rate variability measures as biomarkers in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: potential and limitations","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0205","article-title":"Basal cortisol is positively correlated to threat vigilance in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","author":"Bakvis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.019","article-title":"Management of patients with nonepileptic attack disorder in the United Kingdom: a survey of health care professionals","author":"Mayor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.09.022","article-title":"Narrative analysis of written accounts about living with epileptic or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","author":"Rawlings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317748897","article-title":"Written accounts of living with epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a thematic comparison","author":"Rawlings","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"}],"container-title":["Seizure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131120303319?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131120303319?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:56:05Z","timestamp":1761011765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1059131120303319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1059131120303319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Catastrophising and repetitive negative thinking tendencies in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or epilepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}