{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:52:27Z","timestamp":1790218347656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T11:50:17Z","timestamp":1613735417000},"page":"123-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New understanding about the relationship among neurocysticercosis, seizures, and epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5821-6379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Carpio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Allen","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Kelvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0005","series-title":"World Health Organization Epilepsy: a public health imperative","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Beghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0015","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0020","series-title":"Landscape analysis: management of neurocysticercosis with an emphasis on low- and middle-income countries","author":"Winkler","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24732","article-title":"New diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis: reliability and validity","volume":"80","author":"Carpio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005646","article-title":"Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: demographic, clinicoradiological, and inflammatory features","volume":"11","author":"Marcin-Sierra","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0035","series-title":"Cysticercosis of the central nervous system","first-page":"27","article-title":"The pathology of neurocysticercosis","author":"Escobar","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100048757","article-title":"A proposal for a classification of neurocysticercosis","volume":"21","author":"Carpio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Neuro Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz073","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of albendazole treatment effect on neurocysticercosis cyst evolution using multistate models","volume":"113","author":"Montgomery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.05.004","article-title":"Imaging of neurocysticercosis","volume":"22","author":"Lerner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02285.x","article-title":"Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic seizure","volume":"51","author":"Beghi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x","article-title":"Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Thurman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01945.x","article-title":"Is a first acute symptomatic seizure epilepsy? Mortality and risk for recurrent seizure","volume":"50","author":"Hesdorffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000271","article-title":"Management of a first seizure","volume":"22","author":"Bergey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16302","article-title":"Exploring the complex associations over time among albendazole treatment, cyst evolution, and seizure outcomes in neurocysticercosis","volume":"60","author":"Carpio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12299","article-title":"Immunopathology in Taenia solium neurocysticercosis","volume":"38","author":"Fleury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001932","article-title":"Model systems for investigating disease processes in neurocysticercosis","volume":"146","author":"de Lange","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000036320.69823.EA","article-title":"Prognosis for seizure recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed neurocysticercosis","volume":"59","author":"Carpio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.10.036","article-title":"Seizure in people with newly diagnosed active or transitional neurocysticercosis","volume":"20","author":"Kelvin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16571","article-title":"Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune-associated epilepsy: conceptual definitions","volume":"61","author":"Steriade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000144","article-title":"Occasional resolution of multiple parenchymal brain calcifications in patients with neurocysticercosis","volume":"5","author":"Meneses Quiroz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091202500406","article-title":"Intracranial calcifications. A pictorial review","volume":"25","author":"Grech","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000068748","article-title":"High prevalence of calcified silent neurocysticercosis in a rural village of Mexico","volume":"22","author":"Fleury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.06.001","article-title":"An epidemiological study of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in a pig farming community in northern India","volume":"105","author":"Prasad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.10.936","article-title":"Computed tomography in neurocysticercosis","volume":"46","author":"Minguetti","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0130","first-page":"1011","article-title":"MR imaging in neurocysticercosis: a study of 56 cases","volume":"10","author":"Martinez","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0135","first-page":"79","article-title":"Persistent MR contrast enhancement of calcified neurocysticercosis lesions","volume":"19","author":"Sheth","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.21302.x","article-title":"Demonstration of scolex within calcified cysticercus cyst: its possible role in the pathogenesis of perilesional edema","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70243-6","article-title":"Perilesional brain oedema and seizure activity in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis: a prospective cohort and nested case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Nash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.024","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and seizure outcomes of epilepsy due to calcific clinical stage of neurocysticercosis: study in a rural community in south India","volume":"98","author":"Murthy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2008.00352.x","article-title":"Transient seizure-related MRI abnormalities","volume":"19","author":"Ong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2013.05.020","article-title":"Seizure-induced brain lesions: a wide spectrum of variably reversible MRI abnormalities","volume":"82","author":"Cianfoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130471.19171.D8","article-title":"Seizure outcome in patients with a solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma","volume":"62","author":"Rajshekhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01180.x","article-title":"Natural history of solitary cerebral cysticercosis cases after albendazole therapy: a longitudinal follow-up study from India","volume":"121","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0175","article-title":"Frequency and determinant factors for calcification in neurocysticercosis","author":"Bustos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8663","article-title":"A multistate joint model for interval-censored event-history data subject to within-unit clustering and informative missingness, with application to neurocysticercosis research","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b90a8","article-title":"Drug therapy for solitary cysticercus granuloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Otte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.04.013","article-title":"Seizure and radiological outcomes in children with solitary cysticercosis granulomas with and without albendazole therapy: a retrospective case record analysis","volume":"108","author":"Gulati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031294","article-title":"A trial of antiparasitic treatment to reduce the rate of seizures due to cerebral cysticercosis","volume":"350","author":"Garcia","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004418","article-title":"Albendazole and corticosteroids for the treatment of solitary cysticercus granuloma: a network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.05.033","article-title":"Controversies in the treatment of seizures associated with neurocysticercosis","volume":"76","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0210","series-title":"10 facts about neurocysticercosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01128.x","article-title":"Do helminths cause epilepsy?","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168828.83461.09","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: association between seizures, serology, and brain CT in rural Peru","volume":"65","author":"Montano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.799","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in an Andean community","volume":"28","author":"Cruz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13892","article-title":"On the relationship between calcified neurocysticercosis and epilepsy in an endemic village: a large-scale, computed tomography-based population study in rural Ecuador","volume":"58","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0235","first-page":"537","article-title":"Risk factors for epilepsy in rural Lao PDR: a case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Tran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-379.x","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: a major aetiological factor of late-onset epilepsy in Madagascar","volume":"2","author":"Andriantsimahavandy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.55302.x","article-title":"Cysticercosis as a major risk factor for epilepsy in Burundi, east Africa","volume":"44","author":"Nsengiyumva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.36504.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador","volume":"46","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of epilepsy in resource\u2010limited communities in Punjab, Northwest India","volume":"00","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9015","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65768-6","article-title":"Comorbidities of epilepsy in low and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Muhigwa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0270","first-page":"31","article-title":"Granuloma en parenquima cerebral. Un modelo humano para el estudio de la epilepsia","volume":"125","author":"Sotelo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2006000600003","article-title":"The role of the irritative zone and of the number and distribution of calcifications in the severity of epilepsy associated with intracranial calcifications","volume":"64","author":"Kowacs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1086\/656395","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism and its association with symptomatic neurocysticercosis","volume":"202","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002489","article-title":"Substance P causes seizures in neurocysticercosis","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3346","article-title":"T1-weighted dynamic contrast enhanced MR evaluation of different stages of neurocysticercosis and its relationship with serum MMP-9 expression","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2020.1188","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and pharmaco-resistant epilepsy: possible role of calcified lesions in epileptogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Schmid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12849","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: a natural human model of epileptogenesis","volume":"56","author":"Nash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12299","article-title":"Epilepsy biomarkers","volume":"54","author":"Engel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0310","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis: the good, the bad, and the missing","volume":"14","author":"Carpio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.01.030","article-title":"Epidemiology of neurocysticercosis and epilepsy, is everything described?","volume":"76","author":"Tellez-Zenteno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0245-y","article-title":"The causal relationship between neurocysticercosis infection and the development of epilepsy \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Gripper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03189.x","article-title":"Perilesional gliosis around solitary cerebral parenchymal cysticerci and long-term seizure outcome: a prospective study using serial magnetization transfer imaging","volume":"52","author":"de Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003980","article-title":"Taenia solium: development of an experimental model of porcine neurocysticercosis","volume":"9","author":"Fleury","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.2.2704811","article-title":"Cerebral cysticercosis: documentation of natural history with CT","volume":"171","author":"Kramer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007290","article-title":"Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans","volume":"121","author":"Horton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008005","article-title":"Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Prodjinotho","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.144899","article-title":"Effects of albendazole treatment on neurocysticercosis: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Carpio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv078","article-title":"The effect of albendazole treatment on seizure outcomes in patients with symptomatic neurocysticercosis","volume":"109","author":"Romo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy157","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: 2017 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70779-0","article-title":"Efficacy of combined antiparasitic therapy with praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199808000-00007","article-title":"Albendazole therapy in children with focal seizures and single small enhancing computerized tomographic lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trial","volume":"17","author":"Baranwal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0375","first-page":"419","article-title":"Short course of oral prednisolone on disappearance of lesion and seizure recurrence in patients of solitary cysticercal granuloma with single small enhancing CT lesion: an open label randomized prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Kishore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.07.001","article-title":"Seizure recurrence in patients with solitary cystic granuloma or single parenchymal cerebral calcification: a comparative evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0070","article-title":"Predictors of lesion calcification in patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma and new onset seizures","volume":"95","author":"Mahajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.10.012","article-title":"A prospective cohort study to assess the frequency and risk factors for calcification in single lesion parenchymal neurocysticercosis","volume":"83","author":"Suthar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.11.013","article-title":"Risk of seizure recurrence in patients of new-onset partial seizure having a solitary cysticercus granuloma of brain or normal neuroimaging","volume":"301","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.03.013","article-title":"Antiparasitic treatment of neurocysticercosis \u2013 the effect of cyst destruction in seizure evolution","volume":"76","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.8.1585","article-title":"Seizures in acute stroke: predictors and prognostic significance","volume":"28","author":"Reith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.10.1406","article-title":"Epilepsy after penetrating head injury. I. Clinical correlates: a report of the Vietnam Head Injury Study","volume":"35","author":"Salazar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.9.1407","article-title":"The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis","volume":"38","author":"Annegers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(99)00092-3","article-title":"Single-enhancing CT lesions in Indian patients with seizures: a review","volume":"38","author":"Garg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00156-7","article-title":"Prognosis of epilepsy associated with single CT enhancing lesion: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"159","author":"Murthy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.09.004","article-title":"Role of antiparasitic therapy for seizures and resolution of lesions in neurocysticercosis patients: an 8 year randomised study","volume":"14","author":"Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.09.010","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of albendazole in new onset epilepsy and MRI confirmed solitary cerebral cysticercal lesion: effect on long-term seizure outcome","volume":"276","author":"de Souza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Seizure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131121000534?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131121000534?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T02:01:48Z","timestamp":1761012108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1059131121000534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S1059131121000534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New understanding about the relationship among neurocysticercosis, seizures, and epilepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.02.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}