{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:15:59Z","timestamp":1788246959695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81901736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81901736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81729003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81729003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016691","name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20210324115810030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324115810030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016691","name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QN01Y986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QN01Y986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20220530160005012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220530160005012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201812005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201812005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Children's Hospital","award":["ynkt2021-zz11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ynkt2021-zz11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Pear River Talent Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seizure-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:13:25Z","timestamp":1750331605000},"page":"132-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pediatric refractory epilepsy related to tuberous sclerosis complex: A retrospective-cohort study of diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Rongbo","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bixia","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4229-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9769-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxiang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0764-z","article-title":"Early diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex: a race against time. How to make the diagnosis before seizures?","volume":"13","author":"S\u0142owi\u0144ska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055323","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"355","author":"Crino","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0003","first-page":"1029","article-title":"MR and CT of tuberous sclerosis: linear abnormalities in the cerebral white matter","volume":"11","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.05.003","article-title":"Epileptic spasms in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"106","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilep Res"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.02.007","article-title":"Influence of seizures on early development in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"70","author":"Capal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilep Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280579.04974.c0","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in tuberous sclerosis complex is a multifactorial condition","volume":"70","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.037","article-title":"Long-term neurological outcome in children with early-onset epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Cusmai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilep Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.03.010","article-title":"Antiepileptic treatment before the onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"15","author":"J\u00f3\u017awiak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25956","article-title":"Prevention of epilepsy in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex in the EPISTOP trial","volume":"89","author":"Kotulska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16284","article-title":"Increased electroencephalography connectivity precedes epileptic spasm onset in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"60","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5535-2","article-title":"MRI findings reveal three different types of tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"257","author":"Gallagher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157396","article-title":"Novel histopathological patterns in cortical tubers of epilepsy surgery patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fchlebner","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1216","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200027","article-title":"Association of early MRI characteristics with subsequent epilepsy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"98","author":"Hulshof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12529","article-title":"The epileptogenic zone in children with tuberous sclerosis complex is characterized by prominent features of focal cortical dysplasia","volume":"6","author":"Hulshof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilep Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0015","series-title":"2020 6th International Conference on Big Data and Information Analytics (BigDIA)","article-title":"Machine learning in epilepsy drug treatment outcome prediction using multi-modality data in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 Iinternational Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference","volume":"49","author":"Northrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.07.011","article-title":"Updated international tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria and surveillance and management recommendations","volume":"123","author":"Northrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025407","article-title":"Use of the Griffiths mental development scale-Chinese in the assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder and global developmental delay\/intellectual disability","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2015-103154","article-title":"Intellectual ability in tuberous sclerosis complex correlates with predicted effects of mutations on TSC1 and TSC2 proteins","volume":"52","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2015.10.002","article-title":"Genotype\/phenotype correlations in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"22","author":"Curatolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2016.85","article-title":"Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"24","author":"Overwater","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-0823-4","article-title":"TSC2 pathogenic variants are predictive of severe clinical manifestations in TSC infants: results of the EPISTOP study","volume":"22","author":"Og\u00f3rek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.11.010","article-title":"Different MRI-defined tuber types in tuberous sclerosis complex: quantitative evaluation and association with disease manifestations","volume":"40","author":"Jesmanas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.03.001","article-title":"Early predictors of clinical and mental outcome in tuberous sclerosis complex: a prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Benova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1911643","article-title":"Prescription patterns of antiseizure drugs in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated epilepsy: a multicenter cohort study from Germany and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Strzelczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606","article-title":"Vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI and other neurological symptoms in patients with West syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Reyes Valenzuela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0027","article-title":"Early treatment with Vigabatrin does not decrease focal seizures or improve cognition in tuberous sclerosis complex: the PREVeNT trial","volume":"28","author":"Bebin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"9861","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61134-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of everolimus for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (EXIST-1): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"381","author":"Franz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.10.028","article-title":"Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Curatolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/cns3.20070","article-title":"Preventative treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex with sirolimus: phase I safety and efficacy results","volume":"2","author":"Capal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Child Neurol Soc"}],"container-title":["Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131125001669?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1059131125001669?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:43:52Z","timestamp":1788245032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1059131125001669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1059131125001669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-1311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-1311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric refractory epilepsy related to tuberous sclerosis complex: A retrospective-cohort study of diagnosis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2025.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}