{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:23:58Z","timestamp":1791973438426,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,3]],"date-time":"2005-12-03T07:16:55Z","timestamp":1133594215000},"page":"166-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Rheumatic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Emergence of a New Syndrome of Immune Reconstitution and Changing Patterns of Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Leonard H.","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabin","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00005","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced HIV disease","volume":"135","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib3","first-page":"1","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS epidemic update"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1086\/320164","article-title":"Changing spectrum of mortality due to human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"32","author":"Valdez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1086\/313843","article-title":"Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus associated opportunistic infections in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"1","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9239","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02854-3","article-title":"Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"356","author":"Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003","article-title":"A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors","volume":"12","author":"Carr","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra025261","article-title":"Acquired and inherited lipodystrophies","volume":"350","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00004","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical aspects of the metabolic complications of HIV infection the fat redistribution syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Wanke","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200205000-00005","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Shelburne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-6-200009190-00013","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in HIV-1-infected persons after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"133","author":"DeSimone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000131375.21070.06","article-title":"Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy","volume":"18","author":"French","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib13","first-page":"5","article-title":"Autoimmune and rheumatic aspects of infection with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"2","author":"Calabrese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02771754","article-title":"Rheumatologic manifestations of HIV infections","volume":"14","author":"Kaye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-2-158","article-title":"Rheumatologic manifestations of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","volume":"111","author":"Kaye","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2000.0094","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of HIV-AIDS","volume":"14","author":"Cuellar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90503-7","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"85","author":"Berman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.16527","article-title":"The changing spectrum of rheumatic disease in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"30","author":"Reveille","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00003-2","article-title":"Articular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"17","author":"Mody","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib20","first-page":"1811","article-title":"SLE nephropathy in a patient with HIV infection","volume":"23","author":"Kudva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib21","unstructured":"Blanche P, Passeron A, Gombert B, et al. Sarcoidosis and HIV infection: influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Br J Dermatol 1185;140(6):1185."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9807152","article-title":"Sarcoid-like pulmonary disorder in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy","volume":"159","author":"Naccache","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"935","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.935.535","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and HIV infection","volume":"79","author":"Trevenzoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"2 Pt. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70364-6","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in a patient with AIDS","volume":"41","author":"Mirmirani","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00020","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and interstitial nephritis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Viani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1086\/317422","article-title":"Sarcoidosis after antiretroviral therapy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Gomez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.3.978","article-title":"Recurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"119","author":"Lenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.1.r01ja25242","article-title":"Newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients","volume":"218","author":"Haramati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1258\/095646202760159747","article-title":"A case of immune reconstitution rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib30","first-page":"2232","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis after 9 years of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"29","author":"Wegrzyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9108","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79022-X","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"351","author":"Behrens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib32","first-page":"2711","article-title":"Emergence of systemic lupus erythematosus after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Diri","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203321605585","article-title":"Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Calza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1086\/375091","article-title":"Reiter\u2019s syndrome as a manifestation of an immune reconstitution syndrome in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"36","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199804)41:4<740::AID-ART25>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Arthralgias and cryoglobulinemia during protease inhibitor therapy in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus","volume":"41","author":"Monsuez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00562-3","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-associated polymyositis during immune restoration with combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"109","author":"Sellier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib37","first-page":"393","article-title":"Progression of autoimmune thyroiditis in an HIV-infected woman on HAART","volume":"9","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS Reader"},{"issue":"9144","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60398-4","article-title":"Delayed occurrence of Graves\u2019 disease after immune restoration with HAART","volume":"352","author":"Gilquin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.11.4254","article-title":"Sequential occurrence of thyroid autoantibodies and Graves\u2019 disease after immune restoration in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected patients","volume":"85","author":"Jubault","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib40","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992;41(RR-17)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(89)90043-7","article-title":"The rheumatic manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"18","author":"Calabrese","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib42","first-page":"S146","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the rheumatic complications in patients infected with HIV","volume":"39","author":"Calabrese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib43","first-page":"699","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"8","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg071","article-title":"Immune reconstitution with antiretroviral therapies in chronic HIV-1 infection","volume":"51","author":"Lange","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5322","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.112","article-title":"Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease","volume":"277","author":"Autran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00096-X","article-title":"Effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the expression of rheumatic illness","volume":"17","author":"Furie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib47","unstructured":"Berman A, Cahn P, Perez H, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of rheumatic manifestations in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus undergoing antiretroviral therapy. J Rheumatol 2492;24(12):2492."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib48","first-page":"741","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus-associated rheumatic disorders in the HAART era","volume":"31","author":"Marquez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg316","article-title":"Paucity of Sjogren-like syndrome in a cohort of HIV-1-positive patients in the HAART era","volume":"42","author":"Panayiotakopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib50","first-page":"175","article-title":"HIV-associated musculoskeletal involvement","volume":"14","author":"Marquez","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Reader"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib51","first-page":"1164","article-title":"The changing spectrum of rheumatic disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"36","author":"Reville","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200009010-00003","article-title":"Osteonecrosis in HIV","volume":"25","author":"Scribner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00008","article-title":"High prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in HIV-infected adults","volume":"137","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1086\/367566","article-title":"Emerging bone problems in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"36","author":"Mondy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200003100-00005","article-title":"Accelerated bone mineral loss in HIV-infected patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy","volume":"14","author":"Tebas","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200307010-00001","article-title":"HIV infection\u2014a risk factor for osteoporosis","volume":"33","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib57","first-page":"71","article-title":"Osteopenia in HIV infection","volume":"13","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Clin Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.5.2020","article-title":"Osteopenia in eugonadal men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Fairfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.1.82","article-title":"Rheumatological complications associated with the use of indinavir and other protease inhibitors","volume":"61","author":"Florence","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017205000533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017205000533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T14:49:36Z","timestamp":1683298176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017205000533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049017205000533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}