{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:29:51Z","timestamp":1792301391616,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,11]],"date-time":"2006-06-11T08:00:42Z","timestamp":1150012842000},"page":"368-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Rheumatoid Pleural Effusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Balbir-Gurman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mordechai","family":"Yigla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham Menahem","family":"Nahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Braun-Moscovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib1","first-page":"518","article-title":"The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Wolfe","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221805","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy","volume":"322","author":"Harris","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(84)90027-1","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Shiel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.1.235","article-title":"Pulmonary manifestations associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"100","author":"Helmers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103293441308","article-title":"Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"344","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03070120033008","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"189","author":"Talbott","year":"1964","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748209098194","article-title":"Prevalence of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to some characteristics of the patients. A radiological and clinical study","volume":"11","author":"Juric","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.26.6.467","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleuritis","volume":"26","author":"Walker","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib9","series-title":"Pleural disease","first-page":"208","author":"Light","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748309102888","article-title":"Pleurisy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Juric","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.5.371","article-title":"Thoracoscopic, histological, and clinical findings in nine case rheumatoid pleural effusion","volume":"40","author":"Faurschou","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748609092595","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis with pleural effusion includes a subgroup with autoimmune features and HLA-B8, Dw3 association","volume":"15","author":"Hakala","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cholesterol pericarditis associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"140","author":"Knobel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208037","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals and IgE-containing immune complexes in rheumatoid pericarditis","volume":"10","author":"Van Offel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270663","article-title":"Pericarditis in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical and radiological study","volume":"6","author":"Juric","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib16","first-page":"934","article-title":"Accelerated nodulosis, pleural effusion, and pericardial tamponade during methotrexate therapy","volume":"21","author":"Abu-Shakra","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib17","first-page":"461","article-title":"Chronic pericardial disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis\u2014a longitudinal study","volume":"75","author":"Kelly","year":"1990","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41551-1","article-title":"Thoracic surgical problems associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Yarbrough","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.72.4.532","article-title":"Pericardial tamponade secondary to sudden steroid withdrawal in chronic rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Mathew","year":"1977","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.9.829","article-title":"A case of steroid responding pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis showing migratory infiltration and normal glucose levels in pleural effusions","volume":"32","author":"Miyagawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220212","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis, and chylous effusions","volume":"22","author":"Baim","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/99.3.261","article-title":"Localized pleural microdeposition of type A amyloid in a patient with rheumatoid pleuritis. Histologic distinction from pleural involvement in systemic amyloidosis","volume":"99","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200203000-00008","article-title":"Pleuritis as a presenting manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"323","author":"Chou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199008000-00030","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleuritis","volume":"83","author":"Graham","year":"1990","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib25","first-page":"427","article-title":"Pleural effusion as initial presentation of rheumatoid arthritis. Cytological diagnosis","volume":"32","author":"Fernandez-Muixi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Bronchoneumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-6-748","article-title":"Immune complexes and other laboratory features of pleural effusions","volume":"92","author":"Halla","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib27","first-page":"673","article-title":"Respiratory failure due to a massive rheumatoid pleural effusion","volume":"17","author":"Pritkin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib28","first-page":"1642","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"331","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib29","first-page":"412","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleural effusion","volume":"13","author":"Russell","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.34.2.181","article-title":"Empyema in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Dieppe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.262","article-title":"Connective tissue disease and the pleura","volume":"104","author":"Joseph","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.128.5.764","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleurisy with effusion","volume":"128","author":"Lillington","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib33","series-title":"Computing tomography of the thorax","first-page":"407","article-title":"The pleura and chest wall","author":"Naidich","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.1.1609716","article-title":"Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion","volume":"159","author":"Yang","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.2.8049838","article-title":"Image comparison of real-time gray-scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound for use in diagnosis of minimal pleural effusion","volume":"150","author":"Wu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.6.2028857","article-title":"Imaging the pleura","volume":"156","author":"McLoud","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70256-2","article-title":"Interventional techniques in the thorax","volume":"20","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90180-5","article-title":"Intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment of multiloculated thoracic empyemas","volume":"37","author":"Robinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70076-9","article-title":"CT and MRI in pleural disease","volume":"19","author":"McLoud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinics in chest medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib40","first-page":"769","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis with bloody and cholesterol pleural effusion","volume":"109","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-4-507","article-title":"Pleural effusions","volume":"77","author":"Light","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000063620","article-title":"Pleural interleukin-1 beta in differentiating transudates and exudates","volume":"69","author":"Alexandrakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1258\/0004563011901082","article-title":"Useful tests on pleural fluid that distinguish transudate from exudates","volume":"38","author":"Porcel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib44","first-page":"395","article-title":"A systematic controlled study of pulmonary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Hyland","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib45","first-page":"302","article-title":"Pleural fluid glucose. Serial observation of its concentration following oral administration of glucose to patients with rheumatoid pleural effusions and malignant effusions","volume":"97","author":"Carr","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.140.9.1237","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleurisy, observations on the development of low pleural fluid pH and glucose level","volume":"140","author":"Sahn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib47","first-page":"971","article-title":"Pleural fluid complement, complement conversion, and immune complexes in immunologic and non-immunologic disease","volume":"90","author":"Hunder","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196612152752404","article-title":"Pleural effusion in rheumatoid arthritis Impaired transport of glucose","volume":"275","author":"Dodson","year":"1966","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib49","first-page":"665","article-title":"The acidosis of low-glucose pleural effusions","volume":"117","author":"Potts","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90623-5","article-title":"Pleural fluid pH","volume":"154","author":"Houston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01645433","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of pleural fluid lactate concentrations","volume":"13","author":"Petterson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib52","series-title":"Pleural disease","first-page":"48","author":"Light","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10051157","article-title":"Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax","volume":"10","author":"Hillerdal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib54","series-title":"Pleural disease","first-page":"210","author":"Light","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib55","series-title":"Pleural disease","first-page":"60","author":"Light","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00006","article-title":"PseudochylothoraxReport of 2 cases and review of the literature","volume":"78","author":"Garsia-Zamalloa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib57","first-page":"558","article-title":"Pseudochylothorax during the course of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Klimczak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pneumol Alergol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5555.814","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleural effusion with \u201cRA cells\u201d in the pleural fluid","volume":"2","author":"Carmichael","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib59","first-page":"272","article-title":"Decreased glucose in RA-cell-positive pleural effusion","volume":"65","author":"Faurschou","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur J Resp Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib60","first-page":"209","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis cells in experimental pleuritis in mice","volume":"93","author":"Faarup","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib61","first-page":"151","article-title":"Pleural granulocytes with cytoplasmatic inclusions from patients with malignant lung tumors and mesothelioma","volume":"61","author":"Faurschou","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.6.427","article-title":"Rice bodies in the pleural aspirate of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Kassimos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.3.723","article-title":"Complement components and their activation products in pleural fluid","volume":"114","author":"Salomaa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.7.818","article-title":"Pleural fluid ferritin concentrations in human disease","volume":"38","author":"Kloclars","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1159\/000196559","article-title":"Pleural fluid beta-2-microglobulin and angiotensin-converting enzyme concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis","volume":"63","author":"S\u00f6derblom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1982.tb01900.x","article-title":"Beta 2 microglobulin in pleural effusions","volume":"211","author":"Riska","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.1.92","article-title":"Neurone-specific enolase levels in pleural effusions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Nyberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13351999","article-title":"High pleural fluid hyaluronan concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"S\u00f6derblom","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.5.354","article-title":"Chemical and immunological features of pleural effusions","volume":"37","author":"Pettersson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1984.tb05011.x","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of pleural effusions","volume":"215","author":"Pettersson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib71","first-page":"465","article-title":"The pathognomonic cytologic picture of rheumatoid pleuritis","volume":"34","author":"Naylor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib72","first-page":"53","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleuricy. Specificity of cytologic findings","volume":"94","author":"Engel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immonol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.24.1.57","article-title":"Pyoneumothorax complicating rheumatoid lung disease","volume":"24","author":"Hindle","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-5-665","article-title":"Empyema in rheumatoid pleuropulmonary disease","volume":"74","author":"Jones","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.27.6.521","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleurisy and pericarditis","volume":"27","author":"Champion","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc020008","article-title":"Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"346","author":"Quinn","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90297-4","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of lupus patients with complicating pulmonary disease","volume":"93","author":"Mochizuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00003","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 5-year period","volume":"78","author":"Cervera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.4.1105","article-title":"A 51-year-old man with fever, ulnar neuropathy, and bilateral pleural effusions. Lupus pleuritis","volume":"116","author":"Sarwar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(78)90120-3","article-title":"Antibody deposition in the pleura","volume":"61","author":"Chandrasekhar","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/68.5.553","article-title":"Acute pulmonary complications in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"68","author":"Pertschuk","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.84.6.714","article-title":"Lupus pleuritis","volume":"84","author":"Good","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197701062960118","article-title":"Predominance of T cells in pleural fluid of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"296","author":"Michalevicz","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.2.159","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"55","author":"Keane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib85","first-page":"137","article-title":"Diagnostic significance of antinuclear antibodies in pleural effusion","volume":"46","author":"Leechawengwong","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.3.866","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies in pleural fluid","volume":"106","author":"Khare","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.01520.x","article-title":"Serial antinuclear antibodies titre in pleural and pericardial fluid","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib88","first-page":"34","article-title":"Massive pleural effusion in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"53","author":"Mathlouthi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90021-6","article-title":"Procainamide-induced lupus erythematosus","volume":"52","author":"Blomgren","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii8","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.suppl_2.ii8","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults","volume":"58","author":"Maskell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.1.268","article-title":"Drug-induced lupus pleuritis mimicking pleural space infection","volume":"101","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70113-1","article-title":"Respiratory complications of mixed connective tissue disease","volume":"19","author":"Prakash","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib93","first-page":"193","article-title":"Pleurisy in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Kawamata","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.1.72","article-title":"A case of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, complicated by cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, pericardial and pleural effusion","volume":"35","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.979","article-title":"Type II diabetes mellitus and primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome complicated by pleural effusion","volume":"39","author":"Horita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61219-1","article-title":"Pulmonary lymphoma in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Hansen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.811","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome with pleural effusion","volume":"34","author":"Ogihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.137.2.277","article-title":"Progressive systemic sclerosis subgroups","volume":"137","author":"Taormina","year":"1981","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.12.1320","article-title":"A study of the frequency of pericardial and pleural effusion in scleroderma","volume":"37","author":"Thompson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib100","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Exudative pleural effusion and pleural leukocytoclastic vasculitis in limited scleroderma","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.37.1058","article-title":"Two patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis complicated with massive pleural effusion","volume":"37","author":"Miyata","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00173-0","article-title":"Dermatomyositis and peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma","volume":"82","author":"Piura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib103","first-page":"31","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"43","author":"Weir","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749109096825","article-title":"Pleural effusion in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"20","author":"Bambery","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib105","first-page":"62","article-title":"A case of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis with episcleritis, mediastinal lesions, and pleural effusion and without serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies","volume":"32","author":"Tojima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib106","first-page":"265","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s disease mimicking acute infectious pleurisy","volume":"56","author":"Diot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Pneumol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7406.95","article-title":"Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis presenting as a pleural effusion","volume":"327","author":"Blundell","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib108","first-page":"641","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"52","author":"Rosenow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.2.150","article-title":"Acute pleural effusions in inactive ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"40","author":"Kinnear","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-6111(95)90129-9","article-title":"Pleural effusion in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"89","author":"Tanaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-199909000-00007","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Cheema","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000050469","article-title":"Bilateral empyema caused by adult-onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Mattuizzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.20.191","article-title":"A refractory case of adult-onset Still\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Nishio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nichon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaisi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-3-476","article-title":"Empyema in rheumatoid lung disease","volume":"75","author":"Blau","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(15)30802-4","article-title":"Bilateral pleural effusion and rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnostic value of pleural cytology","volume":"32","author":"Jareno Esteban","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Bronchoneumol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-002-8279-2","article-title":"The problem of empyematous pleural effusion in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Yigla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.184","article-title":"The pleura","volume":"138","author":"Sahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198310000-00035","article-title":"Streptococcus milleri empyema","volume":"76","author":"Plump","year":"1983","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(99)00046-7","article-title":"Non-surgical treatment of purulent pericarditis, due to non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae, in an immuno-compromised patients","volume":"55","author":"Ligtenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198102000-00005","article-title":"Cefamandole failure in ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae B pneumonia","volume":"74","author":"Markham","year":"1981","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib121","first-page":"217","article-title":"Necrobiotic pulmonary nodule leading to pyopneumothorax in case of rheumatoid arthritis\u2014a rare clinical presentation","volume":"31","author":"Chauhan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011110","article-title":"Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-neutralizing agent","volume":"345","author":"Keane","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38509-5","article-title":"Modern management of adult thoracic empyema","volume":"90","author":"Lemmer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib124","series-title":"Pleural disease","first-page":"13","author":"Light","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.21.3.230","article-title":"Pyopneumothorax in rheumatoid lung disease","volume":"21","author":"Davies","year":"1966","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib126","first-page":"299","article-title":"IgE rheumatoid factor in a case of rheumatoid arthritis with pleuritis","volume":"8","author":"Mizushima","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.133.2.400","article-title":"The mediator of cellular immunity","volume":"133","author":"Koster","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib128","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines in malignant and benign pleural effusions","volume":"7","author":"Alexandrakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(02)00363-9","article-title":"The saga of the discovery of IL-1 and TNF and their specific inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Dayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib130","series-title":"Textbook of Rheumatology","first-page":"267","article-title":"Cytokines and growth factors","author":"Dayer","year":"1997"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.9.665","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor in serum and synovial fluid of patients with active and severe rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"49","author":"Tetta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081652","article-title":"Pleural fluid interferon-\u03b3 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in tuberculous and rheumatoid pleurisy","volume":"9","author":"S\u00f6derblom","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib133","first-page":"331","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleural effusion with detectable level of Interleukin-15","volume":"243","author":"Yanagava","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib134","first-page":"88","article-title":"Cytokines in synovial fluid: II. The presence of tumor necrosis factor and interferon","volume":"73","author":"Hopkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1292","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines and fibrililytic enzymes in tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions","volume":"116","author":"Hua","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3109\/01902149309031730","article-title":"Interleukin-8","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Lung Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(78)90006-2","article-title":"An account of pleural effusions, pulmonary nodules and cavities attributable to rheumatoid disease","volume":"72","author":"Jones","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib138","first-page":"621","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleurisy. Apropos of 13 cases","volume":"47","author":"Delcambre","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev Rheum Mal Osteoartic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib139","first-page":"61","article-title":"Pleural effusion with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Stanek","year":"1991","journal-title":"SD J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib140","first-page":"225","article-title":"A case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated by repeated pleural effusion associated with rapid tapering of steroid","volume":"31","author":"Umeki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobi Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib141","first-page":"1642","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts general hospital","volume":"331","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib142","first-page":"478","article-title":"Rheumatoid pleural effusion","volume":"19","author":"Chapman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042473","article-title":"First Multicenter Intrapleural Sepsis Trial (MIST1) Group U.K. Controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase for pleural infection","volume":"352","author":"Maskell","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.6.1855","article-title":"Pleurodesis for nonmalignant pleural effusions","volume":"102","author":"Sudduth","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5.1404","article-title":"Successful slurry pleurodesis in patients with nonmalignant pleural effusion","volume":"117","author":"Glazer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017206000357?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017206000357?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T07:35:17Z","timestamp":1586936117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017206000357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049017206000357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}