{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:48:34Z","timestamp":1791474514404,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:01:47Z","timestamp":1539648107000},"page":"1093-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in sarcoidosis: A systematic review of efficacy and safety"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh-Lan","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-064X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Schilperoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April W.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071714","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"357","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.ats4-99","volume":"160","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0003","first-page":"91","article-title":"Practical eminence and experience-based recommendations for use of TNF-alpha inhibitors in sarcoidosis","volume":"31","author":"Drent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604032","article-title":"Current medical therapy for sarcoidosis","volume":"38","author":"Valeyre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1258061","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: an update on current pharmacotherapy options and future directions","volume":"17","author":"Brito-Zeron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00437","article-title":"Granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"4","author":"Broos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0007","first-page":"70","article-title":"Infliximab for refractory sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Baughman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00010","article-title":"Treatment of complicated sarcoidosis with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy","volume":"135","author":"Yee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.056","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adalimumab in the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis","volume":"68","author":"Pariser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0011","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0 (updated March 2011)","article-title":"Chapter 8: assessing risk of bias in included studies","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-402OC","article-title":"Infliximab therapy in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and pulmonary involvement","volume":"174","author":"Baughman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0013","first-page":"201","article-title":"A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab in subjects with active pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Rossman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)50471-6","article-title":"Etanercept for refractory ocular sarcoidosis - Results of a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"128","author":"Baughman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000914","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ustekinumab or golimumab in patients with chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"44","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.03.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in refractory sarcoidosis: a multicenter study of 132 patients","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0873-2159(11)70020-4","article-title":"Infliximab for treating sarcoidosis patients, Portuguese experience","volume":"17","author":"Aguiar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2576","article-title":"The CD4+ lymphopenic sarcoidosis phenotype is highly responsive to anti-tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} therapy","volume":"137","author":"Crouser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000328738","article-title":"Long-term treatment with infliximab in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"83","author":"Hostettler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2010.06.011","article-title":"Infliximab treatment for chronic sarcoidosis \u2013 a case series","volume":"27","author":"Jounieaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0021","first-page":"143","article-title":"18F-FDG PET in sarcoidosis: an observational study in 12 patients treated with infliximab","volume":"25","author":"Keijsers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.12.006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of TNF antagonists in sarcoidosis: data from the Spanish registry of biologics BIOBADASER and a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Maneiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0023","first-page":"A4535","article-title":"Beneficial effect of infliximab on refractory sarcoidosis","volume":"59","author":"Orum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.004226","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor treatment for sarcoidosis refractory to conventional treatments: a report of five patients","volume":"63","author":"Pritchard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.10.008","article-title":"Long term follow-up of infliximab efficacy in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis refractory to conventional therapy","volume":"43","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.02.017","article-title":"Effectiveness of infliximab in treating selected patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"100","author":"Saleh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21468","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor inhibition as a novel treatment for refractory sarcoidosis","volume":"53","author":"Sweiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1517\/21678707.2013.797891","article-title":"Changes in disease activity, lung function and quality of life in patients with refractory sarcoidosis after anti-TNF treatment","volume":"1","author":"Van Rijswijk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Orphan Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00227014","article-title":"Effectiveness of infliximab in refractory FDG PET-positive sarcoidosis","volume":"46","author":"Vorselaars","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.04.011","article-title":"Efficacy of adalimumab in sarcoidosis patients who developed intolerance to infliximab","volume":"115","author":"Crommelin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1844-0","article-title":"Adalimumab successful in sarcoidosis patients with refractory chronic non-infectious uveitis","volume":"250","author":"Erckens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2011.00276.x","article-title":"Effect of the TNF-alpha inhibitor adalimumab in patients with recalcitrant sarcoidosis: a prospective observational study using FDG-PET","volume":"6","author":"Milman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-015-1363-9","article-title":"Adalimumab for refractory pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"185","author":"Minnis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0034","first-page":"46","article-title":"Efficacy results of a 52-week trial of adalimumab in the treatment of refractory sarcoidosis","volume":"31","author":"Sweiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.1.177","article-title":"Etanercept for the treatment of stage II and III progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"124","author":"Utz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0036","first-page":"289","article-title":"Infliximab for chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis: a subset analysis from a double-blind randomized clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Baughman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.1064","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab","volume":"127","author":"Doty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2009.01518.x","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in sarcoidosis after cessation of infliximab treatment","volume":"14","author":"Panselinas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.05.040","article-title":"Infliximab as a steroid-sparing agent in refractory cutaneous sarcoidosis: single-center retrospective study of 9 patients","volume":"66","author":"Sene","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1347","article-title":"The treatment of lupus pernio: results of 116 treatment courses in 54 patients","volume":"135","author":"Stagaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.1322","article-title":"Case series demonstrating improvement in chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis following treatment with TNF inhibitors","volume":"148","author":"Wanat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.1162","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents in cutaneous sarcoidosis: a french study of 46 cases","volume":"153","author":"Heidelberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0043","first-page":"26","article-title":"Management of ocular sarcoidosis","volume":"29","author":"Baughman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP43007","article-title":"Infliximab in chronic ocular inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Baughman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341278.26993.22","article-title":"Treatment of CNS sarcoidosis with infliximab and mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"72","author":"Moravan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0046","first-page":"275","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha therapy in the management of severe neurosarcoidosis: a report of five cases from a single centre and literature review","volume":"32","author":"Riancho-Zarrabeitia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.03.011","article-title":"Sarcoidosis-associated small fiber neuropathy in a large cohort: clinical aspects and response to IVIG and anti-TNF alpha treatment","volume":"126","author":"Tavee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004644","article-title":"Infliximab for the treatment of CNS sarcoidosis: a multi-institutional series","volume":"89","author":"Gelfand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2492","article-title":"Association of prognostic factors and immunosuppressive treatment with long-term outcomes in neurosarcoidosis","volume":"74","author":"Joubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3182808781","article-title":"Spinal cord neurosarcoidosis","volume":"347","author":"Sohn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0051","first-page":"509","article-title":"Long-term outcome of infliximab in severe chronic and refractory systemic sarcoidosis: a report of 16 cases","volume":"33","author":"Chapelon-Abric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0873-2159(15)30403-7","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor inhibition in treating sarcoidosis: the American experience","volume":"13","author":"Baughman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00051907","article-title":"Efficacy of infliximab in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis: results from a randomised trial","volume":"31","author":"Judson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000314225","article-title":"Everyday cognitive failure in sarcoidosis: the prevalence and the effect of anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment","volume":"80","author":"Elfferich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S44542","article-title":"No impact of tumor necrosis-factor antagonists on the joint manifestations of sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Banse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8444-9","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of refractory neurosarcoidosis treated with infliximab","volume":"264","author":"Cohen Aubart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.010","article-title":"Anti-TNF-alpha therapy in refractory uveitis associated with sarcoidosis: multicenter study of 17 patients","volume":"45","author":"Riancho-Zarrabeitia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0058","first-page":"74","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of TNF antagonists in ocular sarcoidosis: data from the French registry STAT","volume":"34","author":"Marquet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1876","article-title":"Changes in chest roentgenogram of sarcoidosis patients during a clinical trial of infliximab therapy: comparison of different methods of evaluation","volume":"136","author":"Baughman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0060","first-page":"49","article-title":"C-reactive protein predicts response to infliximab in patients with chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"27","author":"Sweiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00337-10","article-title":"Inflammatory profile and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Loza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.11.019","article-title":"The potential additional benefit of infliximab in patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis already receiving corticosteroids: a retrospective analysis from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"108","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12808","article-title":"Infliximab therapy balances regulatory T cells, tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression and soluble TNFR2 in sarcoidosis","volume":"185","author":"Verwoerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00709-2016","article-title":"Can intermediate monocytes predict response to infliximab therapy in sarcoidosis?","volume":"48","author":"Hijdra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00169413","article-title":"Association of the TNF-alpha G-308A polymorphism with TNF-inhibitor response in sarcoidosis","volume":"43","author":"Wijnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00055213","article-title":"Prediction of relapse after discontinuation of infliximab therapy in severe sarcoidosis","volume":"43","author":"Vorselaars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci073","article-title":"Fungal infections as a complication of therapy for sarcoidosis","volume":"98","author":"Baughman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qjm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.10.014","article-title":"Frequency of acute worsening events in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis patients","volume":"107","author":"Baughman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00199-X","article-title":"New treatment strategies for pulmonary sarcoidosis: antimetabolites, biological drugs, and other treatment approaches","volume":"3","author":"Baughman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00156314","article-title":"Negative clinical trials in sarcoidosis: failed therapies or flawed study design?","volume":"44","author":"Moller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of infliximab biosimilar Inflectra((R)) in severe sarcoidosis","volume":"138s","author":"Schimmelpennink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2008","article-title":"Reliability and validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments among dermatologists, pulmonologists, and rheumatologists","volume":"151","author":"Yeung","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.14.65","article-title":"Anti-TNF therapeutics for the treatment of sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Crommelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.060","article-title":"Infliximab induces potent anti-inflammatory responses by outside-to-inside signals through transmembrane TNF-alpha","volume":"128","author":"Mitoma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650032","article-title":"Effects of etanercept are distinct from infliximab in modulating proinflammatory genes in activated human leukocytes","volume":"12","author":"Haider","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.623","article-title":"Outcome in sarcoidosis. The relationship of relapse to corticosteroid therapy","volume":"111","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.12.010","article-title":"Not only randomized controlled trials, but also case series should be considered in systematic reviews of rapidly developing technologies","volume":"62","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017218303810?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017218303810?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T16:58:25Z","timestamp":1758733105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017218303810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049017218303810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in sarcoidosis: A systematic review of efficacy and safety","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}