{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:12:10Z","timestamp":1789668730127,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,2]],"date-time":"2027-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1806624000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":305,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002460","name":"Chung-Ang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250428001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250428001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA AG000522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA AG000522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003635","name":"Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Korea Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A6A1A03044296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03044296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T15:52:08Z","timestamp":1774108328000},"page":"152969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multimorbidity and risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Population-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Seung-Hun","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Kyung","family":"Minn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yae-Jin","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes305","article-title":"The risk of infections associated with rheumatoid arthritis, with its comorbidity and treatment","volume":"52","author":"Listing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10524","article-title":"Frequency of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls: a population-based study","volume":"46","author":"Doran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38745","article-title":"Herpes zoster and tofacitinib therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Winthrop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.128637","article-title":"High disease activity is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1594","article-title":"Risk for serious infection with low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study","volume":"173","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002022","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of multimorbidity burden in a population-based cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Crowson","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02497-2","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: a population-based study","volume":"23","author":"Ochoa-Gondar","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152386","article-title":"Multiple morbidities are associated with serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Kimbrough","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02580-7","article-title":"Scalable infrastructure supporting reproducible nationwide healthcare data analysis toward FAIR stewardship","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003739","article-title":"Medication utilisation trends during pregnancy and factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68356-0","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with osteoporosis: a nationwide cohort study in Korea using the common data model","volume":"14","author":"Ahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.02.032","article-title":"Comparative risk of serious infections with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists vs Vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.07.004","article-title":"The risk of serious infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tocilizumab compared with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in Korea","volume":"51","author":"Jeon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03111-w","article-title":"Comparative risk of infections between JAK inhibitors versus TNF inhibitors among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218282","article-title":"Burden and trajectory of multimorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: a matched cohort study from 2006 to 2015","volume":"80","author":"England","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.212","article-title":"Multimorbidity and rheumatic conditions-enhancing the concept of comorbidity","volume":"10","author":"Radner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.94253","article-title":"Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: a review of pathogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Casqueiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050300","article-title":"Chronic Kidney disease-associated immune dysfunctions: impact of protein-bound uremic retention solutes on immune cells","volume":"12","author":"Espi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030-024-00321-9","article-title":"Association of high complement and low immunoglobulins with the clinical symptoms of patients with fibromyalgia","volume":"19","author":"Izuno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.152690","article-title":"Fibrotic lung disease inhibits immune responses to staphylococcal pneumonia via impaired neutrophil and macrophage function","volume":"7","author":"Warheit-Niemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00346-4","article-title":"Ageing-related bone and immunity changes: insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2020.11.001","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure increases pneumonia risk: epidemiological association and mendelian randomization in the UK Biobank","volume":"2","author":"Zekavat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.07.004","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for chronic wound infection","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2425","article-title":"Risk factors for foot infections in individuals with diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Lavery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481x.2004.0002.x","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-associated inflammatory leg ulcers: a new treatment for recalcitrant wounds","volume":"1","author":"Coelho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S224211","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy: the old and the new","volume":"13","author":"Niculet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-110","article-title":"Post-stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Westendorp","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200406000-00002","article-title":"A pilot study of quantitative aspiration in patients with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea: comparison to a historic control group","volume":"114","author":"Beal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09552-8","article-title":"Association between chronic rhinosinusitis and pneumonia: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort","volume":"12","author":"Wee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/rmh0000228","article-title":"Health Disparities among rural individuals with mental Health conditions: a systematic literature review","volume":"47","author":"Edwards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rural Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","article-title":"Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1704203","article-title":"Inflammaging: triggers, molecular mechanisms, immunological consequences, sex differences, and cutaneous manifestations","volume":"16","author":"Karpuzoglu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/59762","article-title":"Assessing the impact of frailty on infection risk in older adults: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e817","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00239-X","article-title":"Ageism and rheumatic diseases","volume":"6","author":"Misra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14546","article-title":"A systematic review of Cellulitis Guidelines: the role of non-pharmacological management in preventing recurrence","volume":"66","author":"Jacka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041174","article-title":"Severe Respiratory infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an observational study of 528 patients from a single university hospital","volume":"14","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Casas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0037","first-page":"958","article-title":"National study of cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, and other rheumatic conditions: a 20 year followup study","volume":"30","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152721","article-title":"Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events following targeted therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a real-world analysis stratified by cardiovascular risk","volume":"73","author":"You","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3353-7","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilling Korean National Health Insurance reimbursement guidelines for anti-tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 treatment and comparison to other guidelines","volume":"35","author":"Hur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152214","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Janus kinase inhibitors: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"61","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa327","article-title":"Frailty and risk of serious infections in biologic-treated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152099","article-title":"Predictors of infection requiring hospitalization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a time-to-event analysis","volume":"57","author":"Ko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017226000582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017226000582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:58:26Z","timestamp":1789667906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017226000582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0049017226000582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multimorbidity and risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Population-based case\u2013control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152969","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152969"}}