{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:23:05Z","timestamp":1790792585274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,16]],"date-time":"2027-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1807833600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":319,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/00647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/00647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund Plus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/01804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/01804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 AR081382\\u201301A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 AR081382\\u201301A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031734","name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Gastroenterolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/01804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/01804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI25\/00647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI25\/00647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:04:52Z","timestamp":1775840692000},"page":"152978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systemic sclerosis and small bowel involvement: A systematic review of diagnostic approaches and current evidence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis G","family":"Alcala-Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco A","family":"Felix-Tellez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Y","family":"Ayla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0626-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Guillen-del-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen P","family":"Sime\u00f3n-Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3361-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Malagelada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna H.","family":"McMahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2024.0129","article-title":"Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: an integrative review of recent advances","volume":"32","author":"Son","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2019.1614915","article-title":"Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis: current understanding and new insights","volume":"15","author":"Cutolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10373","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01692-0","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis","volume":"401","author":"Volkmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00929-1","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis gastrointestinal dysmotility: risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"19","author":"McMahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05325-8","article-title":"Intestinal hypomotility in systemic sclerosis: a histological study into the sequence of events","volume":"40","author":"den Braber-Ymker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.086074","article-title":"A case-control study of the pathology of oesophageal disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)","volume":"55","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90044-8","article-title":"Pathologic observations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). A study of fifty-eight autopsy cases and fifty-eight matched controls","volume":"46","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keag070","article-title":"Delayed gastric emptying identifies a high-risk clinical subgroup in patients with systemic sclerosis","author":"Felix-Tellez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0009","article-title":"Esophageal dysmotility patterns are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes and prognosis in patients with systemic sclerosis","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0010","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dysmotility is associated with proton pump inhibitor refractory esophagitis in patients with systemic sclerosis","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000001110","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis: current approaches and emerging therapies","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0012","first-page":"1967","article-title":"The chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction subtype has prognostic significance in patients with severe gastrointestinal dysmotility related intestinal failure","volume":"37","author":"Vasant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Edinb Scotl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0013","first-page":"63","article-title":"Current insights on chronic intestinal dysmotility: pseudo-obstruction and enteric dysmotility","volume":"116","author":"Alcal\u00e1 Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(02)04359-9","article-title":"Clinical and morphofunctional features of idiopathic myenteric ganglionitis underlying severe intestinal motor dysfunction: a study of three cases","volume":"97","author":"De Giorgio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2018.7","article-title":"Expert consensus document: advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders","volume":"15","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14715","article-title":"Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in adults: a practical guide to identify patient subgroups that are suitable for more specific treatments","volume":"36","author":"Basilisco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14462","article-title":"Clinical significance of small bowel manometry patterns suggestive of intestinal obstruction","volume":"35","author":"Alcal\u00e1-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.04.014","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of the gastrointestinal manifestations of scleroderma","volume":"76","author":"Delaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090373","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit through esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Wegener","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25176","article-title":"Risk of malnutrition in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease treated with Nintedanib in the randomized, placebo-controlled SENSCIS trial","volume":"75","author":"Volkmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07676-6","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and hospital course of systemic sclerosis-associated pseudo-obstruction","volume":"44","author":"Ross","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2026.102117","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis: a spotlight on small bowel involvement, complications and management","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.05.005","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for pseudo-obstruction in systemic sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Dein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0024","article-title":"Demographics and clinical features associated with abnormal small bowel motility in systemic sclerosis","author":"Cheah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23479","article-title":"Determining the risk factors and clinical features associated with severe gastrointestinal dysmotility in systemic sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"McMahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0026","article-title":"Distinct clinical trajectories of gastrointestinal progression among patients with systemic sclerosis","author":"Perin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key350","article-title":"Severe gastrointestinal disease in very early systemic sclerosis is associated with early mortality","volume":"58","author":"Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm22168","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth complicating gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05549-8","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90770-1","article-title":"Abnormal postcibal antral and small bowel motility due to neuropathy or myopathy in systemic sclerosis","volume":"96","author":"Greydanus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80192-3","article-title":"Interdigestive motor activity in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Rees","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401222","article-title":"Esophageal dysfunction in scleroderma: relationship with disease subsets","volume":"40","author":"Bassotti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_sbref0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199810)41:10<1874::AID-ART21>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Manometry of the upper intestinal tract in patients with systemic sclerosis: a prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Marie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel203","article-title":"Outcome of small-bowel motor impairment in systemic sclerosis\u2013a prospective manometric 5-yr follow-up","volume":"46","author":"Marie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200511000-00009","article-title":"Small intestinal manometry in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Sj\u00f6lund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000206","article-title":"Comparing clinical, imaging, and physiological correlates of intestinal pseudo-obstruction: systemic sclerosis vs amyloidosis and paraneoplastic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Pamarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252102","article-title":"Effect of octreotide on intestinal motility and bacterial overgrowth in scleroderma","volume":"325","author":"Soudah","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08151-5","article-title":"Diffuse gastrointestinal motor compromise in patients with scleroderma: utility of minimally invasive techniques","volume":"69","author":"von M\u00fchlenbrock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296011","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit times of radiolabeled meal in progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Madsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-7","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms and motility disorders in patients with systemic scleroderma","volume":"8","author":"Di Ciaula","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.603158","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Fynne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12818","article-title":"Gastrointestinal mucosal abnormalities using videocapsule endoscopy in systemic sclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Marie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99775-y","article-title":"Capsule endoscopy findings reflect the gastrointestinal conditions of patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Iio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac074","article-title":"Gastroparesis in systemic sclerosis: a detailed analysis using whole-gut scintigraphy","volume":"61","author":"Adler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25569","article-title":"Avoidant or restrictive food intake disorder symptoms in adults with systemic sclerosis: a nationwide study in Spain","volume":"77","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-06007-x","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal involvement on mortality and malnutrition in systemic sclerosis: an observational cohort of 135 patients","volume":"45","author":"Bader","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131547","article-title":"Mortality, recurrence, and hospital course of patients with systemic sclerosis-related acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction","volume":"41","author":"Mecoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-089725","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological distress on quality of life in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.200444","article-title":"The London classification of gastrointestinal neuromuscular pathology: report on behalf of the Gastro 2009 International Working Group","volume":"59","author":"Knowles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.103988","article-title":"Gastrointestinal histology of systemic sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Strother","year":"2026","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf197","article-title":"Anti-muscarinic 3 antibodies associate with a severe clinical phenotype in patients with systemic sclerosis","author":"Ayla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.096545","article-title":"Muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor autoantibody in patients with systemic sclerosis: contribution to severe gastrointestinal tract dysmotility","volume":"68","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42667","article-title":"Anti-gephyrin antibodies: a novel specificity in patients with systemic sclerosis and lower bowel dysfunction","volume":"76","author":"McMahan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.06.2119","article-title":"Antimitochondrial antibodies in systemic sclerosis target enteric neurons and are associated with GI dysmotility","volume":"84","author":"McMahan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.148296","article-title":"Veress B. Full-thickness biopsy findings in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and enteric dysmotility","volume":"58","author":"Lindberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0057","article-title":"Comparison between small bowel manometric patterns and full-thickness biopsy histopathology in severe intestinal dysmotility","volume":"30","author":"Malagelada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0058","article-title":"Propagation patterns of jejunal motor activity measured by high-resolution water-perfused manometry","volume":"33","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14907","article-title":"High-resolution versus conventional manometry for the diagnosis of small bowel motor dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Alcala-Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep381","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestation of systemic sclerosis\u2013thickening of the upper gastrointestinal wall detected by endoscopic ultrasound is a valid sign","volume":"49","author":"Zuber-Jerger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619860372","article-title":"Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. United","volume":"7","author":"Lam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740151095303","article-title":"Gastro-intestinal permeability is increased in patients with limited systemic sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Catanoso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf064","article-title":"The role of prokinetics in managing gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review","author":"Ezquerra-Dur\u00e1n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110896","article-title":"Home parenteral nutrition in patients with systemic sclerosis: a retrospective review of 12 cases","volume":"39","author":"Jawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017226000673?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017226000673?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:57:24Z","timestamp":1789667844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017226000673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0049017226000673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic sclerosis and small bowel involvement: A systematic review of diagnostic approaches and current evidence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2026.152978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152978"}}