{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:31:19Z","timestamp":1792441879233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":227,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018202","name":"AIRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Cancer Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T13:17:31Z","timestamp":1743427051000},"page":"112-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs): Genetic and environmental biomarkers for risk of occurrence and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Tacelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Gentiluomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Biamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justo P.","family":"Castano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja Cigrovski","family":"Berkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Cives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Kapitanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Marinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Marinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Nikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Nos\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Pedraza-Arevalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Pell\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurel","family":"Perren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Strosberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Campa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0019-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Capurso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i19.2305","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a review of serum biomarkers, staging, and management","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.04.014","article-title":"Evaluation and management of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"99","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.12.005","article-title":"The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"40","author":"Lawrence","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13318","article-title":"European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes","volume":"35","author":"Hofland","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01085-0","article-title":"Management of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"24","author":"Magi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23648","article-title":"Inherited pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes: advances in molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and controversies","volume":"113","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000335591","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: functional pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes","volume":"95","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","article-title":"The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system","volume":"76","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2019.023","article-title":"Validation of the 8th AJCC cancer staging system for pancreas neuroendocrine tumors using Korean Nationwide Surgery Database","volume":"51","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181ebaffd","article-title":"NANETS consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"39","author":"Vinik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0032","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. JNCCN"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03211-5","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas: diagnosis and pitfalls","volume":"480","author":"Konukiewitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0351","article-title":"Stage IV Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a risk score to predict clinical outcome","volume":"22","author":"Panzuto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2018.06.012","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting overall survival in pancreatic neuroendocrinetumors","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322595","article-title":"Non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: ATRX\/DAXX and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) are prognostically independent from ARX\/PDX1 expression and tumour size","volume":"71","author":"Hackeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000443171","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines update for the management of patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"103","author":"Falconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1597-5","article-title":"Surgical resection of the primary tumor leads to prolonged survival in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2019.1693893","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive factors on overall survival and surgical outcomes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: recent advances and controversies","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.08.002","article-title":"Incidental diagnosis as prognostic factor in different tumor stages of nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"155","author":"Crippa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000494258","article-title":"Unmet needs in functional and nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"108","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1159\/000527741","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and development and natural course of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a review of the literature","volume":"113","author":"Bogaards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2(2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.489","article-title":"16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010","volume":"105","author":"Parkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000375164","article-title":"Diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, and family history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Haugvik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.466","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors: a case-control study of prospectively evaluated patients","volume":"104","author":"Capurso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23529","article-title":"Risk factors associated with neuroendocrine tumors: A U.S.-based case-control study","volume":"123","author":"Hassan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000363938.59530.94","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): a single-center case control study","volume":"39","author":"Onwere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000234","article-title":"Risk factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a clinic-based case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(13)60051-X","article-title":"Risk factors for the occurrence of insulinoma: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Zhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. INT HBPD INT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36073","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Ben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.20957","article-title":"Management of hepatic metastasis of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Landry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0040","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for the occurrence of sporadic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms","volume":"24","author":"Valente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-10-0028","article-title":"MEN1 in pancreatic endocrine tumors: analysis of gene and protein status in 169 sporadic neoplasms reveals alterations in the vast majority of cases","volume":"17","author":"Corbo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2022.07.005","article-title":"Genetics of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"36","author":"Mohindroo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00082","article-title":"Clinical Features of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4: Novel Pathogenic Variant and Review of Published Cases","volume":"104","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib35","first-page":"784","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with a familial MAX deletion","volume":"52","author":"Petignot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res Horm. Stoffwechs. Horm. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-06723-6","article-title":"The first pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Aversa","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.19.00241","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors are enriched in cowden syndrome","author":"Greidinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3684","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas as a manifestation of cowden syndrome: a case report","volume":"101","author":"Neychev","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"7643","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21063","article-title":"Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"543","author":"Scarpa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib40","article-title":"Real-time genomic characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors has prognostic implications and identifies potential germline actionability","volume":"2018","author":"Raj","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-23-0483","article-title":"Germline testing identifies pathogenic\/likely pathogenic variants in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"17","author":"Mohindroo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res Philos. Pa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-009-0581-x","article-title":"IL-2\u2013330\u202fT\/G SNP and serum values-potential new tumor markers in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (GEP-NETs)","volume":"88","author":"Berkovi\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med Berl. Ger."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2011.1317","article-title":"Interleukin 1\u03b2 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"31","author":"Cigrovski Berkovi\u0107","year":"2012","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34383","article-title":"Association between a polymorphic variant in the CDKN2B-AS1\/ANRIL gene and pancreatic cancer risk","volume":"153","author":"Giaccherini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J. Cancer"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57011","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10935","article-title":"Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms within the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A\/2B region affect pancreatic cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Campa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2023.104020","article-title":"The PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium: Ten years\u2019 experience of association studies to understand the genetic architecture of pancreatic cancer","volume":"186","author":"Campa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib47","first-page":"95","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and its functional characterisation: the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium","volume":"45","author":"Campa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis. J. Ital. Soc. Gastroenterol. Ital. Assoc. Study Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39565","article-title":"Common germline variants within the CDKN2A\/2B region affect risk of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"6","author":"Campa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3341","article-title":"Common variation at 2p13.3, 3q29, 7p13 and 17q25.1 associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer","volume":"47","author":"Childs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.429","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer","volume":"41","author":"Amundadottir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.522","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q22","volume":"42","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"1, 1q32. 1 5p15. 33. Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3052","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Wolpin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy067","article-title":"Common genetic variants associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma may also modify risk of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"39","author":"Obazee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1159\/000524659","article-title":"Genetically determined telomere length is associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms onset","volume":"112","author":"Gentiluomo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib55","article-title":"Long or short? Telomere length and pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions, a narrative review","author":"Campa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2021.103510","article-title":"Association between telomere length and mitochondrial copy number and cancer risk in humans: A meta-analysis on more than 300,000 individuals","volume":"167","author":"Giaccherini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29590","article-title":"TERT gene harbors multiple variants associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility","volume":"137","author":"Campa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0247","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere length in relation to pancreatic cancer risk: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Campa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. Publ. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res Cosponsored Am. Soc. Prev. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31928","article-title":"Genetic determinants of telomere length and risk of pancreatic cancer: a PANDoRA study","volume":"144","author":"Campa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2022.06.005","article-title":"Analysis of polymorphisms in EGF, EGFR and HER2 genes in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs)","volume":"266\u2013267","author":"Marinovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0075","article-title":"Lack of Association for Reported Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci in the PANDoRA Consortium","volume":"26","author":"Campa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. Publ. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res Cosponsored Am. Soc. Prev. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R315","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0012","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic drivers of neuroendocrine tumours (NET)","volume":"24","author":"Di Domenico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55156-0","article-title":"DAXX mutations as potential genomic markers of malignant evolution in small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"9","author":"Cives","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.05.031","article-title":"Multiple roles of ATM in monitoring and maintaining DNA integrity","volume":"584","author":"Derheimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3546","article-title":"The ATM protein kinase: regulating the cellular response to genotoxic stress, and more","volume":"14","author":"Shiloh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80967-8","article-title":"Menin interacts with the AP1 transcription factor JunD and represses JunD-activated transcription","volume":"96","author":"Agarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6021","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200609","article-title":"DAXX\/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"331","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008850107","article-title":"Daxx is an H3.3-specific histone chaperone and cooperates with ATRX in replication-independent chromatin assembly at telomeres","volume":"107","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.020","article-title":"Loss of DAXX and ATRX are associated with chromosome instability and reduced survival of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"146","author":"Marinoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.53","article-title":"Loss of ATRX or DAXX expression and concomitant acquisition of the alternative lengthening of telomeres phenotype are late events in a small subset of MEN-1 syndrome pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"25","author":"De Wilde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"issue":"6021","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200609","article-title":"DAXX \/ ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"331","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3810","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing of insulinoma reveals recurrent T372R mutations in YY1","volume":"4","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7170","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06322","article-title":"mTOR controls mitochondrial oxidative function through a YY1-PGC-1alpha transcriptional complex","volume":"450","author":"Cunningham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.008","article-title":"Yin Yang 1 deficiency in skeletal muscle protects against rapamycin-induced diabetic-like symptoms through activation of insulin\/IGF signaling","volume":"15","author":"Bl\u00e4ttler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0321","article-title":"Aggressive versus indolent insulinomas: new clinicopathological insights","volume":"30","author":"Hackeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2019-0665-RA","article-title":"What is New in the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System: Review of Selected Updates on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Appendiceal Tumors, and Molecular Testing","volume":"145","author":"Assarzadegan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000169","article-title":"Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases","volume":"38","author":"Basturk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182417d36","article-title":"Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically similar and distinct from well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"36","author":"Yachida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000662","article-title":"A Practical Approach to the Classification of WHO Grade 3 (G3) Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (WD-NET) and Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PD-NEC) of the Pancreas","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2019.192","article-title":"Pancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Korean population: a multicenter study","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-3135","article-title":"Rb Loss and KRAS mutation are predictors of the response to platinum-based chemotherapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm with Grade 3: a Japanese Multicenter Pancreatic NEN-G3 study","volume":"23","author":"Hijioka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02705-8","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of high-grade gastro-entero-pancreatic neoplasms","volume":"131","author":"Angerilli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000445165","article-title":"The clinicopathologic heterogeneity of grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: morphological differentiation and proliferation identify different prognostic categories","volume":"104","author":"Milione","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1159\/000511905","article-title":"A Consensus-Developed Morphological Re-Evaluation of 196 High-Grade Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Its Clinical Correlations","volume":"111","author":"Elvebakken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1159\/000503722","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms: histology and molecular analysis, two sides of the same coin","volume":"110","author":"Busico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33354","article-title":"Molecular profile of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs): opportunities for personalized therapies","volume":"127","author":"Arakelyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0669","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiling of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal system","volume":"12","author":"Yachida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib88","article-title":"Integrated genomic and clinicopathologic approach distinguishes pancreatic grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor from neuroendocrine carcinoma and identifies a subset with molecular overlap","volume":"36","author":"Umetsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol. J. U S Can. Acad. Pathol. Inc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30445-9","article-title":"Association of tumour mutational burden with outcomes in patients with advanced solid tumours treated with pembrolizumab: prospective biomarker analysis of the multicohort, open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study","volume":"21","author":"Marabelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3054","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden as a predictor of immunotherapy response: is more always better?","volume":"27","author":"Strickler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.23.00092","article-title":"Tumor mutational burden in real-world patients with pancreatic cancer: genomic alterations and predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitor effectiveness","author":"Quintanilha","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.401","article-title":"Role of PD-L1 expression as a biomarker for GEP neuroendocrine neoplasm grading","volume":"8","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad093","article-title":"The mutational, prognostic, and therapeutic landscape of neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: new dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3281","article-title":"Genome methylation accurately predicts neuroendocrine tumor origin: an online tool","volume":"27","author":"Hackeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0554","article-title":"Hypo-methylation mediates chromosomal instability in pancreatic NET","volume":"24","author":"Marinoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0493-4","article-title":"Enhancer signatures stratify and predict outcomes of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"25","author":"Cejas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01479-y","article-title":"Epigenetic landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours reveals distinct cells of origin and means of tumour progression","volume":"3","author":"Di Domenico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01018-w","article-title":"DNA methylation reveals distinct cells of origin for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"14","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.026","article-title":"Loss of chromatin-remodeling proteins and\/or CDKN2A associates with metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and reduced patient survival times","volume":"154","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5014","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13195014","article-title":"EZH2 inhibition as new epigenetic treatment option for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs)","volume":"13","author":"April-Monn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13379","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110104108","article-title":"Loss of the retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2) histone demethylase suppresses tumorigenesis in mice lacking Rb1 or Men1","volume":"108","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2017.30","article-title":"Epigenetic pathway inhibitors represent potential drugs for treating pancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"6","author":"Lines","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib104","article-title":"Implications of noncoding regulatory functions in the development of insulinomas","volume":"4","author":"Ramos-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Genom."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00992-9","article-title":"Insights into beta cell regeneration for diabetes via integration of molecular landscapes in human insulinomas","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a002329","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a002329","article-title":"Molecular characterization of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) using whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Mol. Case Stud."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.160130","article-title":"Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors feature elevated T cell infiltration","volume":"7","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06498-2","article-title":"ATRX, DAXX or MEN1 mutant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are a distinct alpha-cell signature subgroup","volume":"9","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00730-9","article-title":"Centromeric cohesion failure invokes a conserved choreography of chromosomal mis-segregations in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"12","author":"Quevedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001120","article-title":"Genetic deletion of the desmosomal component desmoplakin promotes tumor microinvasion in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0068","article-title":"A cross-species analysis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors reveals molecular subtypes with distinctive clinical, metastatic, developmental, and metabolic characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Sadanandam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321016","article-title":"Immune landscape, evolution, hypoxia-mediated viral mimicry pathways and therapeutic potential in molecular subtypes of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"70","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109817","article-title":"Proteotranscriptomic classification and characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib114","first-page":"1713","article-title":"Immunophenotypic and molecular characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors producing serotonin","volume":"35","author":"Depoilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol. J. U S Can. Acad. Pathol. Inc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317233","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing reveals distinct genetic bases for insulinomas and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: leading to a new classification system","volume":"69","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34499","article-title":"EGFR is a potential therapeutic target for highly glycosylated and aggressive pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"153","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3748","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2232","article-title":"CLEC3A, MMP7, and LCN2 as novel markers for predicting recurrence in resected G1 and G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"8","author":"Miki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002911","article-title":"Downregulated pancreatic beta cell genes indicate poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"271","author":"Kudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001535","article-title":"Aberration of ARID1A is associated with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of sporadic nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0138-4","article-title":"A precision oncology approach to the pharmacological targeting of mechanistic dependencies in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"50","author":"Alvarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2884","article-title":"Gene expression signatures identify novel therapeutics for metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"26","author":"Scott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-022-05337-6","article-title":"Predicting novel drug candidates for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors via gene signature comparison and connectivity mapping","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg. J. Soc. Surg. Aliment Trac."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0305","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of proliferation-related miRNAs in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"179","author":"Grolmusz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-18-0244","article-title":"Evaluating gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors through microRNA sequencing","volume":"26","author":"Panarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib125","first-page":"2249","article-title":"Global microRNA profiling of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias","volume":"34","author":"Thorns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01287-y","article-title":"Exosomal miRNA signatures of pancreatic lesions","volume":"20","author":"Vicentini","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14156","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA-mRNA expression profiles and validation in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"92","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf. )"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib128","first-page":"2842","article-title":"Integrative microRNA-mRNA and protein-protein interaction analysis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-18-0552","article-title":"lncRNA H19 binds VGF and promotes pNEN progression via PI3K\/AKT\/CREB signaling","volume":"26","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09771-4","article-title":"The uprise of RNA biology in neuroendocrine neoplasms: altered splicing and RNA species unveil translational opportunities","volume":"24","author":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Encinas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.61717","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneity and malignant progression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add9668","article-title":"Intertumoral lineage diversity and immunosuppressive transcriptional programs in well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"9","author":"Hoffman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-07-0221","article-title":"Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: epidemiology and prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"15","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21493","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"68","author":"Cives","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605013141803","article-title":"Secretion of chromogranin A by peptide-producing endocrine neoplasms","volume":"314","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1986","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0269","article-title":"Chromogranin A as circulating marker for diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: more flaws than fame","volume":"25","author":"Marotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.925632","article-title":"Predicting progression, recurrence, and survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a single center analysis of 174 patients","volume":"13","author":"Krogh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.741096","article-title":"The prognostic and predictive role of chromogranin a in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors - a single-center experience","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib139","first-page":"5661","article-title":"Plasma chromogranin A levels predict survival and tumor response in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"34","author":"Chou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2009.11.013","article-title":"Granin-derived peptides as diagnostic and prognostic markers for endocrine tumors","volume":"165","author":"Conlon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.04.026","article-title":"Preanalytical factors of importance for measurement of Chromogranin A","volume":"436","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta Int J. Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318243a0b6","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the effect of chronic proton pump inhibitor use on plasma biomarker levels in humans","volume":"41","author":"Raines","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3728-0","article-title":"Pancreastatin predicts survival in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"21","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6741-x","article-title":"Prognostic impact of serum pancreastatin following chemoembolization for neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"25","author":"Strosberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-023-01147-3","article-title":"The quest for circulating biomarkers in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a clinical perspective","volume":"24","author":"Mari\u00ebn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib146","first-page":"662","article-title":"Choice of tumour markers in patients with neuroendocrine tumours is dependent on the histological grade. A marker study of Chromogranin A, Neuron specific enolase, Progastrin-releasing peptide and cytokeratin fragments","volume":"48","author":"Korse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.08.1746","article-title":"A multigenomic liquid biopsy biomarker for neuroendocrine tumor disease outperforms CgA and has surgical and clinical utility","volume":"32","author":"Modlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. J. Eur. Soc. Med Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1159\/000518873","article-title":"NETest: a systematic review focusing on the prognostic and predictive role","volume":"112","author":"Puliani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.2905","article-title":"Circulating tumor cells as prognostic markers in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"31","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1008","article-title":"Early changes in circulating tumor cells are associated with response and survival following treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-2291","article-title":"Longitudinal Copy-Number Alteration Analysis in Plasma Cell-Free DNA of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms is a Novel Specific Biomarker for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Boons","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib152","first-page":"4373","article-title":"Overexpression of cyclin D1 occurs frequently in human pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"85","author":"Chung","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","article-title":"Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01868-3","article-title":"Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.446","article-title":"Receptor tyrosine kinases: biological functions and anticancer targeted therapy","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2007.08.018","article-title":"IL-6\u2013174\u202fC\/G polymorphism in the gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)","volume":"83","author":"Berkovi\u0107","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.06.030","article-title":"Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) upregulated by IL-6\/STAT3 signaling contributes to invasion in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02238.x","article-title":"Circulating levels of angiogenic cytokines can predict tumour progression and prognosis in neuroendocrine carcinomas","volume":"62","author":"Pavel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf. )"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.11.010","article-title":"The expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"49","author":"Hussain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-0520-EOTCRC","article-title":"Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine cells","volume":"124","author":"Tecimer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18754","article-title":"Imaging of chemokine receptor 4 expression in neuroendocrine tumors - a triple tracer comparative approach","volume":"7","author":"Werner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.73","article-title":"Circulating cytokines and monocyte subpopulations as biomarkers of outcome and biological activity in sunitinib-treated patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"112","author":"Zurita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03563-9","article-title":"Alteration of the immunophenotype and cytokine profiles in patients affected by neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"83","author":"Boemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1408","article-title":"Prognostic value of tumor architecture, tumor-associated vascular characteristics, and expression of angiogenic molecules in pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"13","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"97","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36894","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26380","article-title":"Biomarkers and polymorphisms in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors treated with sunitinib","volume":"9","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1924","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 promotes disease progression of neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"16","author":"Detjen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib167","first-page":"652","article-title":"Liver metastases arising from well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine neoplasms demonstrate increased VEGF-C expression","volume":"16","author":"Hansel DE","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol. J. U S Can. Acad. Pathol. Inc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22554","article-title":"Elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor correlates with increased angiogenesis and decreased progression-free survival among patients with low-grade neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869309083898","article-title":"Expression of growth factor peptides and their receptors in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system","volume":"32","author":"Chaudhry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oncol. Stock. Swed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00022744-200112000-00006","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of fibroblast growth factor receptors in normal endocrine cells and related tumors of the digestive system","volume":"9","author":"La Rosa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. AIMM"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0223","article-title":"Placental growth factor supports neuroendocrine tumor growth and predicts disease prognosis in patients","volume":"20","author":"Hilfenhaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.337","article-title":"Deficiency of the macrophage growth factor CSF-1 disrupts pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development","volume":"31","author":"Pyonteck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30493-9","article-title":"Surufatinib in advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (SANET-p): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.01.013","article-title":"High VEGF serum values are associated with locoregional spread of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs)","volume":"425","author":"Cigrovski Berkovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206191","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines associated with diagnosis, tumor grade and prognosis in patients with neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"11","author":"Geisler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib176","first-page":"445","article-title":"Inflammation-related cytokines and their roles in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"20","author":"Herman Mahe\u010di\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199703000-00009","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in gastrointestinal carcinoids","volume":"21","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.174","article-title":"Impacts of smoking on endocrine treatment response in a prospective breast cancer cohort","volume":"115","author":"Persson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9956","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29120782","article-title":"Smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis and enhanced therapy response: mechanisms and significance","volume":"29","author":"Chellappan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30010094","article-title":"Obesity and breast cancer: interaction or interference with the response to therapy?","volume":"30","author":"Riondino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030293","article-title":"Development of clinical prediction score for chemotherapy response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Chayangsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-022-01733-9","article-title":"Statins inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2651-0","article-title":"Statin use and breast cancer survival: a nationwide cohort study in Scotland","volume":"16","author":"Mc Menamin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.010","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with longer progression-free survival of patients with diabetes and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors receiving everolimus and\/or somatostatin analogues","volume":"155","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyaki C., Lynch L.M. An Update on Common Pharmaceuticals in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus [Internet]. 2022 May 30 [cited 2024 Nov 26]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/96124-an-update-on-common-pharmaceuticals-in-the-prevention-of-pancreatic-cancer\u3009.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25496"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.06.002","article-title":"Role of metformin and other metabolic drugs in the prevention and therapy of endocrine-related cancers","volume":"60","author":"Le\u00f3n-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113655","article-title":"Emerging treatment options for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"9","author":"Cives","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5538","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6686","article-title":"Somatostatin Analogues according to Ki67 index in neuroendocrine tumours: an observational retrospective-prospective analysis from real life","volume":"7","author":"Faggiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13633","article-title":"Somatostatin analogs for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: any benefit when Ki-67 Is \u2265\u202f10%?","volume":"26","author":"Merola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-017-0567-8","article-title":"Radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"19","author":"Cives","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02448-6","volume":"48","author":"Panzuto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427","article-title":"Phase 3 Trial of177 Lu-dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"376","author":"Strosberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2018.08.004","article-title":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"45","author":"Ramage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Oncol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2743","article-title":"Long-Term Efficacy, Survival, and Safety of [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic and Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"23","author":"Brabander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10446","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00701-3","volume":"403","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0944-5","article-title":"Correlation of immunohistopathological expression of somatostatin receptor 2 with standardised uptake values in 68Ga-DOTATOC PET\/CT","volume":"36","author":"Miederer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0795-3","article-title":"SUV of [68Ga]DOTATOC-PET\/CT predicts response probability of PRRT in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"17","author":"Kratochwil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3328-2","article-title":"Direct comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-TOC and 18F-FDG PET\/CT in the follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumour treated with the first full peptide receptor radionuclide therapy cycle","volume":"43","author":"Nilica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/524130","article-title":"Effect of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy on Somatostatin Receptor Status and Glucose Metabolism in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Intraindividual Comparison of Ga-68 DOTANOC PET\/CT and F-18 FDG PET\/CT","volume":"2011","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.0290","article-title":"Association of upfront peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with progression-free survival among patients with enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"5","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-3967-6","article-title":"PRRT genomic signature in blood for prediction of 177Lu-octreotate efficacy","volume":"45","author":"Bodei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009290","article-title":"Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003825","article-title":"Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Raymond","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01013","article-title":"Randomized study of temozolomide or temozolomide and capecitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (ECOG-ACRIN E2211)","volume":"41","author":"Kunz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043331","article-title":"MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Hegi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30020106","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of MGMT-promoter methylation status and correlations with outcomes to temozolomide-based chemotherapy in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"30","author":"Brighi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0117","article-title":"MGMT expression predicts response to temozolomide in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"23","author":"Cros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0147","article-title":"Analysis of potential response predictors to capecitabine\/temozolomide in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"23","author":"Cives","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789649394","article-title":"The VHL tumor suppressor: master regulator of HIF","volume":"15","author":"Haase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2103425","article-title":"Belzutifan for renal cell carcinoma in von Hippel\u2013Lindau disease","volume":"385","author":"Jonasch","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib213","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Belzutifan in a patient With VHL-associated metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"20","author":"Pelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. JNCCN"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-23-2592","article-title":"Belzutifan for von Hippel\u2013Lindau Disease: Pancreatic Lesion Population of the Phase 2 LITESPARK-004 Study","volume":"30","author":"Else","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1440049","article-title":"Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B (secretogranin I), chromogranin C (secretogranin II) and pancreastatin in plasma and urine from patients with carcinoid tumours and endocrine pancreatic tumours","volume":"144","author":"Stridsberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1440049","article-title":"Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B (secretogranin I), chromogranin C (secretogranin II) and pancreastatin in plasma and urine from patients with carcinoid tumours and endocrine pancreatic tumours","volume":"144","author":"Stridsberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib217","first-page":"186","article-title":"Limitations of Chromogranin A in clinical practice","volume":"17","author":"Marotta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomark. Biochem Indic. Expo. Response Susceptibility Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.10.008","article-title":"Measurements of chromogranin B can serve as a complement to chromogranin A","volume":"139","author":"Stridsberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyx032","article-title":"Utility of chromogranin B compared with chromogranin A as a biomarker in Japanese patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"47","author":"Miki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23359","article-title":"Serum pancreastatin: the next predictive neuroendocrine tumor marker","volume":"108","author":"Rustagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350903","article-title":"Utility of combined use of plasma levels of chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumors","volume":"27","author":"Panzuto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib222","first-page":"1766","article-title":"Is the combination of chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide serum determinations of interest in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours?","volume":"48","author":"Walter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990901)86:5<858::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and hydroxyindole acetic acid evaluation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"86","author":"Bajetta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000051853","article-title":"Tumor markers in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"62","author":"Eriksson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-1776","article-title":"Circulating tumor cells and EpCAM expression in neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1159\/000509866","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the NETest: a validation study","volume":"111","author":"Al-Toubah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.160","article-title":"The clinical utility of a novel blood-based multi-transcriptome assay for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"110","author":"Modlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."}],"container-title":["Seminars in Cancer Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044579X25000501?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044579X25000501?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T15:11:14Z","timestamp":1746803474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1044579X25000501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":227,"alternative-id":["S1044579X25000501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-579X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-579X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs): Genetic and environmental biomarkers for risk of occurrence and prognosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Cancer Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2025.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}