{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:54:06Z","timestamp":1788000846779,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T00:35:58Z","timestamp":1549067758000},"page":"104-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Plasticity of microglia in remote regions after focal brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bisicchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Sasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Viscomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997","article-title":"Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain","volume":"10","author":"Hanisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7","article-title":"Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS","volume":"19","author":"Kreutzberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.008","article-title":"Sublime microglia: expanding roles for the guardians of the CNS","volume":"158","author":"Salter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00698","article-title":"Microglia and beyond: innate immune cells as regulators of brain development and behavioral function","volume":"9","author":"Lenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the Central Nervous System during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00072","article-title":"An inflammation-centric view of neurological disease: beyond the neuron","volume":"12","author":"Skaper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv066","article-title":"Roles of microglia in brain development, tissue maintenance and repair","volume":"138","author":"Michell-Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn109","article-title":"Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration","volume":"132","author":"Neumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09615","article-title":"The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma","volume":"468","author":"Ransohoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.12.010","article-title":"Dynamic structural remodelling of microglia in health and disease: a review of the models, the signals and the mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00044","article-title":"Factors regulating microglia activation","volume":"7","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-17","article-title":"CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CX3CR1 expression in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: kinetics and cellular origin","volume":"2","author":"Sunnemark","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.06.026","article-title":"Rapid isolation of highly enriched and quiescent microglia from adult rat hippocampus: immunophenotypic and functional characteristics","volume":"151","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Meth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1781-07.2007","article-title":"CD200 ligand\u2013receptor interaction modulates microglial activation in vivo and in vitro: a role for IL-4","volume":"27","author":"Lyons","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.07.007","article-title":"Neurotransmitter receptors on microglia","volume":"30","author":"Pocock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-009-8077-9","article-title":"The multifaceted profile of activated microglia","volume":"40","author":"Lynch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","article-title":"Physiology of microglia","volume":"91","author":"Kettenmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.38","article-title":"Microglial priming in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9275","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2614-05.2005","article-title":"Central and systemic endotoxin challenges exacerbate the local inflammatory response and increase neuronal death during chronic neurodegeneration","volume":"25","author":"Cunningham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.002","article-title":"Peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge promotes microglial hyperactivity in aged mice that is associated with exaggerated induction of both pro-inflammatory IL-1beta and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Henry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.75","article-title":"Repeated mild traumatic brain injury causes chronic neuroinflammation, changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and associated cognitive deficits","volume":"34","author":"Aungst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.06.016","article-title":"Injury timing alters metabolic, inflammatory and functional outcomes following repeated mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Weil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24064","article-title":"Chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes in a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury model","volume":"75","author":"Mouzon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2015.12.004","article-title":"Stress-induced neuroinflammatory priming: a liability factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders","volume":"4","author":"Frank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.024","article-title":"Systemic inflammation induces acute behavioral and cognitive changes and accelerates neurodegenerative disease","volume":"65","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.014","article-title":"Immune activation promotes depression 1 month after diffuse brain injury: a role for primed microglia","volume":"76","author":"Fenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6554","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0291-15.2015","article-title":"Closed head injury in an age-related Alzheimer mouse model leads to an altered neuroinflammatory response and persistent cognitive impairment","volume":"35","author":"Webster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1472","article-title":"ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Davalos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0150","first-page":"107","article-title":"Neurotransmitter signaling in the pathophysiology of microglia","volume":"7","author":"Domercq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5512-08.2009","article-title":"The P2X7 receptor drives microglial activation and proliferation: a trophic role for P2X7R pore","volume":"29","author":"Monif","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20489","article-title":"Involvement of P2X4 and P2Y12 receptors in ATP-induced microglial chemotaxis","volume":"55","author":"Ohsawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22596","article-title":"P2X4 receptors control the fate and survival of activated microglia","volume":"62","author":"Vazquez-Villoldo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1805","article-title":"The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides","volume":"9","author":"Haynes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-06-01975.2001","article-title":"Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through Gi\/o-coupled P2Y receptors","volume":"21","author":"Honda","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/975849","article-title":"P2Y(12) receptor on the verge of a neuroinflammatory breakdown","volume":"2014","author":"Amadio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.03.004","article-title":"Inflammation in areas of remote changes following focal brain lesion","volume":"75","author":"Block","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00498-6","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in areas of remote degeneration following middle cerebral artery occlusion of the rat","volume":"122","author":"Loos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000039406.64644.CB","article-title":"Different mechanisms of secondary neuronal damage in thalamic nuclei after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"33","author":"Dihne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.04.024","article-title":"Methylprednisolone treatment delays remote cell death after focal brain lesion","volume":"154","author":"Viscomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-008-0042-z","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates microglial activation but fails to mitigate degeneration in inferior olive and pontine nuclei after focal cerebellar lesion","volume":"7","author":"Viscomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1227-0","article-title":"Inflammation and blood-brain barrier breach remote from the primary injury following neurotrauma","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-282","article-title":"Gene expression patterns following unilateral traumatic brain injury reveals a local pro-inflammatory and remote anti-inflammatory response","volume":"14","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0846-z","article-title":"Distinct regulation of nNOS and iNOS by CB2 receptor in remote delayed neurodegeneration","volume":"90","author":"Oddi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1253-5","article-title":"Activation of type-2 cannabinoid receptor inhibits neuroprotective and antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoid receptor \u03b1: when one is better than two","volume":"70","author":"Bisicchia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.511","article-title":"Acute focal brain damage alters mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in axotomized neurons","author":"Cavallucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.8.2.18599","article-title":"Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin protects neurons from remote degeneration after acute focal brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Viscomi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0031-z","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition favors survival of rubrospinal neurons after spinal cord hemisection","volume":"54","author":"Bisicchia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.09.030","article-title":"Axotomy dependent purinergic and nitrergic co-expression","volume":"123","author":"Viscomi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0786-09.2009","article-title":"Selective CB2 receptor agonism protects central neurons from remote axotomy-induced apoptosis through the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"29","author":"Viscomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1404","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.364","article-title":"Cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) stimulation delays rubrospinal mitochondrial-dependent degeneration and improves functional recovery after spinal cord hemisection by ERK1\/2 inactivation","volume":"5","author":"Latini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046918","article-title":"Degeneration of axotomized projection neurons in the rat dLGN: temporal progression of events and their mitigation by a single administration of FGF2","volume":"7","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00363-9","article-title":"Projection neurons and interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus undergo distinct forms of degeneration ranging from retrograde and transsynaptic apoptosis to transient atrophy after cortical ablation in rat","volume":"115","author":"Al-Abdulla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00049-9","article-title":"Degenerative phenomena and reactive modifications of the adult rat inferior olivary neurons following axotomy and disconnection from their targets","volume":"85","author":"Buffo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02940.x","article-title":"Extrinsic regulation of injury\/growth-related gene expression in the inferior olive of the adult rat","volume":"18","author":"Buffo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00014-1","article-title":"Occipital cortex ablation in adult rat causes retrograde neuronal death in the lateral geniculate nucleus that resembles apoptosis","volume":"86","author":"Al-Abdulla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2225-10.2011","article-title":"The mitochondrial permeability transition pore regulates nitric oxide mediated apoptosis of neurons induced by target deprivation","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01659.x","article-title":"Early events of target deprivation\/ axotomy-induced neuronal apoptosis in vivo: oxidative stress, DNA damage, p53 phosphorylation and subcellular redistribution of death proteins","volume":"85","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-08-02528.1991","article-title":"Response of facial and rubrospinal neurons to axotomy: changes in mRNA expression for cytoskeletal proteins and GAP-43","volume":"11","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8629-x","article-title":"Remote neurodegeneration: multiple actors for one play","volume":"50","author":"Viscomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0107-7","article-title":"Remote cell death in the cerebellar system","volume":"8","author":"Viscomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-014-0603-2","article-title":"Remote degeneration: insights from the hemicerebellectomy model","volume":"14","author":"Viscomi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.03.023","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system: a new entry in remote cell death mechanisms","volume":"224","author":"Viscomi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.632448","article-title":"Secondary neurodegeneration in remote regions after focal cerebral infarction: a new target for stroke management?","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311411054","article-title":"Upstream dysfunction of somatomotor functional connectivity after corticospinal damage in stroke","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0616-5","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces remote apoptotic cell death and inflammation after focal brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Sasso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6894","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0889-z","article-title":"Resolvin D1 halts remote neuroinflammation and improves functional recovery after focal brain damage via ALX\/FPR2 receptor-regulated MicroRNAs","volume":"55","author":"Bisicchia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0340","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of impaired microglia process movement at sites of secondary neurodegeneration post-stroke","author":"Kluge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23201","article-title":"Impaired microglia process dynamics post-stroke are specific to sites of secondary neurodegeneration","volume":"65","author":"Kluge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0421-6","article-title":"Altered morphological dynamics of activated microglia after induction of status epilepticus","volume":"12","author":"Avignone","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-1-9","article-title":"The changing phenotype of microglia from homeostasis to disease","volume":"1","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12196","article-title":"The 18 kDa translocator protein, microglia and neuroinflammation","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.158338","article-title":"Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO): old dogma, new mice, new structure, and new questions for neuroprotection","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030607","article-title":"PET imaging of microglial activation-beyond targeting TSPO","volume":"23","author":"Janssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012118792317","article-title":"Emerging PET radiotracers and targets for imaging of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: outlook beyond TSPO","author":"Narayanaswami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-016-8385-y","article-title":"Changes in binding of [(123)I]CLINDE, a high-affinity translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) selective radioligand in a rat model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Donat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.031","article-title":"Inflammatory projections after focal brain injury trigger neuronal network disruption: an 18F-DPA714 PET study in mice","volume":"20","author":"Hosomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage-Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22455","article-title":"Inflammation after trauma: microglial activation and traumatic brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Ramlackhansingh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-017-0475-8","article-title":"Recent progress in the development of TSPO PET ligands for neuroinflammation imaging in neurological diseases","volume":"51","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.116","article-title":"The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0405","article-title":"The complexity of neuroinflammation consequent to traumatic brain injury: from research evidence to potential treatments","author":"Morganti-Kossmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00351","article-title":"Monitoring neuroinflammation response following acute brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Thelin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000253964.10701.00","article-title":"The impact of methylprednisolone on lesion severity following spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"Leypold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03799.x","article-title":"Minocycline neuroprotects, reduces microgliosis, and inhibits caspase protease expression early after spinal cord injury","volume":"97","author":"Festoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000150867.98887.3e","article-title":"The potential of minocycline for neuroprotection in human neurologic disease","volume":"27","author":"Zemke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000136","article-title":"Antineuroinflammation of minocycline in stroke","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.10.013","article-title":"Transient neuroprotection by minocycline following traumatic brain injury is associated with attenuated microglial activation but no changes in cell apoptosis or neutrophil infiltration","volume":"204","author":"Bye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2188","article-title":"Attenuation of microglial activation with minocycline is not associated with changes in neurogenesis after focal traumatic brain injury in adult mice","volume":"29","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.12.010","article-title":"Differential effects of minocycline on microglial activation and neurodegeneration following closed head injury in the neonate rat","volume":"290","author":"Hanlon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlv021","article-title":"Minocycline transiently reduces Microglia\/Macrophage activation but exacerbates cognitive deficits following repetitive traumatic brain injury in the neonatal rat","volume":"75","author":"Hanlon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropath. Exp. Neur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.09.040","article-title":"Minocycline and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"196","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx339","article-title":"Minocycline reduces chronic microglial activation after brain trauma but increases neurodegeneration","volume":"141","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23007","article-title":"Critical data-based re-evaluation of minocycline as a putative specific microglia inhibitor","volume":"64","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.10.007","article-title":"Immunoresolvents signaling molecules at intersection between the brain and immune system","volume":"50","author":"Dalli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020760","article-title":"Resolvins: a family of bioactive products of omega-3 fatty acid transformation circuits initiated by aspirin treatment that counter proinflammation signals","volume":"196","author":"Serhan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151409","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators","volume":"3","author":"Serhan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13479","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology","volume":"510","author":"Serhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00298","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and their actions in regulating miRNA in novel resolution circuits in inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Recchiuti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601222R","article-title":"Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms","volume":"31","author":"Serhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.4","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediators: endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Basil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2017.2348","article-title":"3D poly(Lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds for treating spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101305","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediators 17(R)-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid, aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 prevent experimental colitis in mice","volume":"187","author":"Bento","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.249508","article-title":"Resolvin D1 limits polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory loci: receptor-dependent actions","volume":"32","author":"Norling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscl. Throm. Vas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-219519","article-title":"Resolvin D2 restores neutrophil directionality and improves survival after burns","volume":"27","author":"Kurihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100225","article-title":"Resolvin D1 and its precursor docosahexaenoic acid promote resolution of adipose tissue inflammation by eliciting macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype","volume":"187","author":"Titos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01940","article-title":"Novel n-3 immunoresolvents: structures and actions","volume":"3","author":"Dalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.03.005","article-title":"Structural elucidation and physiologic functions of specialized pro-resolving mediators and their receptors","volume":"58","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.02.009","article-title":"Proresolving lipid mediators and mechanisms in the resolution of acute inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Buckley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.01.001","article-title":"Resolvins AT-D1 and E1 differentially impact functional outcome, post-traumatic sleep, and microglial activation following diffuse brain injury in the mouse","volume":"47","author":"Harrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-018-0351-1","article-title":"Resolvin D2 protects against cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"11","author":"Zuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.12.013","article-title":"Resolvin D1 and E1 promote resolution of inflammation in microglial cells in vitro","volume":"55","author":"Rey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."}],"container-title":["Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1084952118300880?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1084952118300880?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:53:09Z","timestamp":1761065589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1084952118300880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S1084952118300880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-9521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-9521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasticity of microglia in remote regions after focal brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.01.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}