{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:00:47Z","timestamp":1790701247398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T09:34:56Z","timestamp":1634895296000},"page":"10-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Somite development and regionalisation of the vertebral axial skeleton"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8126-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon A.","family":"Weldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea E.","family":"M\u00fcnsterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101011-155703","article-title":"Formation and segmentation of the vertebrate body axis","volume":"29","author":"Benazeraf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.11.007","article-title":"Reassessing the role of Hox genes during vertebrate development and evolution","volume":"34","author":"Mallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03311-1","article-title":"The vertebrate tail: a gene playground for evolution","volume":"77","author":"Mallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181588","article-title":"Correlated evolution of neck length and leg length in birds","volume":"6","author":"Bohmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13129","article-title":"Gulper, ripper and scrapper: anatomy of the neck in three species of vultures","volume":"236","author":"Bohmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53399","article-title":"Too hip for two sacral vertebrae","volume":"8","author":"Stocker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49972","article-title":"Giant extinct caiman breaks constraint on the axial skeleton of extant crocodylians","volume":"8","author":"Scheyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21189","article-title":"Amniote somite derivatives","volume":"236","author":"Christ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"issue":"7801","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1885-9","article-title":"In vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock","volume":"580","author":"Diaz-Cuadros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib10","first-page":"4462","article-title":"Multi-scale quantification of tissue behavior during amniote embryo axis elongation","volume":"144","author":"Benazeraf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.08.007","article-title":"Mechanical coupling coordinates the co-elongation of axial and paraxial tissues in avian embryos","volume":"55","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"7303","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09151","article-title":"A random cell motility gradient downstream of FGF controls elongation of an amniote embryo","volume":"466","author":"Benazeraf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.02.001","article-title":"A gradient of glycolytic activity coordinates FGF and Wnt signaling during elongation of the body axis in amniote embryos","volume":"40","author":"Oginuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"5595","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075544","article-title":"Cell dynamics during somite boundary formation revealed by time-lapse analysis","volume":"298","author":"Kulesa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007429","article-title":"Dynamic 3D cell rearrangements guided by a fibronectin matrix underlie somitogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Martins","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.115964","article-title":"Scaal, Communication between distant epithelial cells by filopodia-like protrusions during embryonic development","volume":"142","author":"Sagar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31014-3","article-title":"4D imaging reveals stage dependent random and directed cell motion during somite morphogenesis","volume":"8","author":"McColl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Formation and differentiation of avian somite derivatives","volume":"638","author":"Christ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(02)00339-8","article-title":"Developmental regulation of somite derivatives: muscle, cartilage and tendon","volume":"12","author":"Brent","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.12.020","article-title":"Gene regulatory networks and transcriptional mechanisms that control myogenesis","volume":"28","author":"Buckingham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.151035","article-title":"Making muscle: skeletal myogenesis in vivo and in vitro","volume":"144","author":"Chal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.2.225","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog promotes somitic chondrogenesis by altering the cellular response to BMP signaling","volume":"13","author":"Murtaugh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00039-9","article-title":"The chick transcriptional repressor Nkx3.2 acts downstream of Shh to promote BMP-dependent axial chondrogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Murtaugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1008002","article-title":"Shh establishes an Nkx3.2\/Sox9 autoregulatory loop that is maintained by BMP signals to induce somitic chondrogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105536","article-title":"A pathway to bone: signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in chondrocyte development and maturation","volume":"142","author":"Kozhemyakina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2018.11.018","article-title":"Development of the axial skeleton and intervertebral disc","volume":"133","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.069310","article-title":"Somitogenesis","volume":"139","author":"Maroto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.05.006","article-title":"A two-step mechanism for myotome formation in chick","volume":"6","author":"Gros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"7348","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09970","article-title":"Neural crest regulates myogenesis through the transient activation of NOTCH","volume":"473","author":"Rios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.14847","article-title":"Cytoplasmic NOTCH and membrane-derived beta-catenin link cell fate choice to epithelial-mesenchymal transition during myogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Sieiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7229","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07564","article-title":"WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation of early muscle fibres","volume":"457","author":"Gros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114546","article-title":"A dynamic analysis of muscle fusion in the chick embryo","volume":"141","author":"Sieiro-Mosti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20290-1","article-title":"TGFbeta signalling acts as a molecular brake of myoblast fusion","volume":"12","author":"Melendez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105362108","article-title":"MicroRNA regulation of the paired-box transcription factor Pax3 confers robustness to developmental timing of myogenesis","volume":"108","author":"Goljanek-Whysall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108787","article-title":"myomiR-dependent switching of BAF60 variant incorporation into Brg1 chromatin remodeling complexes during embryo myogenesis","volume":"141","author":"Goljanek-Whysall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib36","article-title":"miR-133-mediated regulation of the Hedgehog pathway orchestrates embryo myogenesis","volume":"145","author":"Mok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2020.10.005","article-title":"Fine-tuning of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network by multiple microRNAs controls embryo myogenesis","volume":"469","author":"Viaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00268-X","article-title":"A somitic compartment of tendon progenitors","volume":"113","author":"Brent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.11.003","article-title":"Early development of the vertebral column","volume":"49","author":"Scaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(72)90133-9","article-title":"Early regionalization of somitic mesoderm as studied by the development of axial skeleton of the chick embryo","volume":"28","author":"Kieny","year":"1972","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(09)88007-1","article-title":"Establishment of Hox vertebral identities in the embryonic spine precursors","volume":"88","author":"Iimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.117.2.409","article-title":"The triple origin of skull in higher vertebrates: a study in quail-chick chimeras","volume":"117","author":"Couly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290000131","article-title":"Contribution of single somites to the skeleton and muscles of the occipital and cervical regions in avian embryos","volume":"202","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306490","article-title":"Morphogenetic processes involved in the remodeling of the tail region of the chick embryo","volume":"162","author":"Schoenwolf","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9014","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27336-x","article-title":"Avian tail ontogeny, pygostyle formation, and interpretation of juvenile Mesozoic specimens","volume":"8","author":"Rashid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63264-5","article-title":"Distal spinal nerve development and divergence of avian groups","volume":"10","author":"Rashid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004245","article-title":"A combination of activation and repression by a colinear Hox code controls forelimb-restricted expression of Tbx5 and reveals Hox protein specificity","volume":"10","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23373-9","article-title":"Control of mouse limb initiation and antero-posterior patterning by Meis transcription factors","volume":"12","author":"Delgado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.009","article-title":"Timed collinear activation of Hox genes during gastrulation controls the avian forelimb position","volume":"29","author":"Moreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.068","article-title":"Developmental biology: Hox timing determines limb placement","volume":"29","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.180330rr","article-title":"Hox genes, clusters and collinearity","volume":"62","author":"Krumlauf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.303123.117","article-title":"Embryonic timing, axial stem cells, chromatin dynamics, and the Hox clock","volume":"31","author":"Deschamps","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00257","article-title":"Some questions and answers about the role of Hox temporal collinearity in vertebrate axial patterning","volume":"7","author":"Durston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904602116","article-title":"The constrained architecture of mammalian Hox gene clusters","volume":"116","author":"Darbellay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib55","article-title":"Differential abilities to engage inaccessible chromatin diversify vertebrate Hox binding patterns","volume":"147","author":"Bulajic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.02.070","article-title":"Human HOX proteins use diverse and context-dependent motifs to interact with TALE class cofactors","volume":"22","author":"Dard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009162","article-title":"HOX paralogs selectively convert binding of ubiquitous transcription factors into tissue-specific patterns of enhancer activation","volume":"16","author":"Bridoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.19.4265","article-title":"Hox genes and morphological identity: axial versus lateral patterning in the vertebrate mesoderm","volume":"127","author":"Nowicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.022020","article-title":"Localised axial progenitor cell populations in the avian tail bud are not committed to a posterior Hox identity","volume":"135","author":"McGrew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"7102","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04838","article-title":"Collinear activation of Hoxb genes during gastrulation is linked to mesoderm cell ingression","volume":"442","author":"Iimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.180612","article-title":"Understanding axial progenitor biology in vivo and in vitro","volume":"148","author":"Wymeersch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10042","article-title":"Position-dependent plasticity of distinct progenitor types in the primitive streak","volume":"5","author":"Wymeersch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64819","article-title":"Dynamics of primitive streak regression controls the fate of neuro-mesodermal progenitors in the chicken embryo","volume":"10","author":"Guillot","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib64","article-title":"Transcriptionally dynamic progenitor populations organised around a stable niche drive axial patterning","volume":"146","author":"Wymeersch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.07.021","article-title":"Antagonistic activities of Sox2 and brachyury control the fate choice of neuro-mesodermal progenitors","volume":"42","author":"Koch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.11.013","article-title":"Diverse routes toward early somites in the mouse embryo","volume":"56","author":"Guibentif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66588","article-title":"Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in Sox2 and Brachyury expression ratios guides progenitor destiny by controlling their motility","volume":"10","author":"Romanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.04.002","article-title":"A gene regulatory network balances neural and mesoderm specification during vertebrate trunk development","volume":"41","author":"Gouti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.04.024","article-title":"Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan","volume":"344","author":"Mallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"5932","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171468","article-title":"Epigenetic temporal control of mouse Hox genes in vivo","volume":"324","author":"Soshnikova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21426-7","article-title":"Characterising open chromatin in chick embryos identifies cis- regulatory elements important for paraxial mesoderm formation and axis extension","volume":"12","author":"Mok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.193","article-title":"Development of the amniote ventrolateral body wall","volume":"250","author":"Scaal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2013.02.002","article-title":"Hoxa-5 acts in segmented somites to regulate cervical vertebral morphology","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.7848839","article-title":"Conservation in the Hox code during morphological evolution","volume":"38","author":"Gaunt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.2.333","article-title":"Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology","volume":"121","author":"Burke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21364","article-title":"Hox expression in the American alligator and evolution of archosaurian axial patterning","volume":"314","author":"Mansfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. B Mol. Dev. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.04.031","article-title":"Axial patterning in snakes and caecilians: evidence for an alternative interpretation of the Hox code","volume":"332","author":"Woltering","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"5631","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1085672","article-title":"Hox10 and Hox11 genes are required to globally pattern the mammalian skeleton","volume":"301","author":"Wellik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.338705","article-title":"Hox genes specify vertebral types in the presomitic mesoderm","volume":"19","author":"Carapuco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.02.011","article-title":"Evidence for a myotomal Hox\/Myf cascade governing nonautonomous control of rib specification within global vertebral domains","volume":"18","author":"Vinagre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300592110","article-title":"Role of a polymorphism in a Hox\/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine","volume":"110","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11100-4","article-title":"Hox11 expressing regional skeletal stem cells are progenitors for osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes throughout life","volume":"10","author":"Pineault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2016.11.008","article-title":"Regionally restricted Hox function in adult bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells","volume":"39","author":"Rux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920860117","article-title":"Hox genes maintain critical roles in the adult skeleton","volume":"117","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2018.05.009","article-title":"Deconstructing the molecular mechanisms shaping the vertebrate body plan","volume":"55","author":"Aires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.006742","article-title":"Oscillatory lunatic fringe activity is crucial for segmentation of the anterior but not posterior skeleton","volume":"135","author":"Shifley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12516","article-title":"Developmental dynamics of occipital and cervical somites","volume":"229","author":"Maschner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13032","article-title":"Somite development in the avian tail","volume":"235","author":"Draga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.119768","article-title":"Neuromesodermal progenitors and the making of the spinal cord","volume":"142","author":"Henrique","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.11.069","article-title":"Cdx and T Brachyury co-activate growth signaling in the embryonic axial progenitor niche","volume":"17","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.08.010","article-title":"Cdx and Hox genes differentially regulate posterior axial growth in mammalian embryos","volume":"17","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.2.174","article-title":"Wnt-3a regulates somite and tailbud formation in the mouse embryo","volume":"8","author":"Takada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00263-6","article-title":"Intrinsic, Hox-dependent cues determine the fate of skeletal muscle precursors","volume":"5","author":"Alvares","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003957","article-title":"Oct4 is required ~E7.5 for proliferation in the primitive streak","volume":"9","author":"DeVeale","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2016.06.021","article-title":"Oct4 is a key regulator of vertebrate trunk length diversity","volume":"38","author":"Aires","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/10320","article-title":"Regulation of anterior\/posterior patterning of the axial skeleton by growth\/differentiation factor 11","volume":"22","author":"McPherron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.05.009","article-title":"Switching axial progenitors from producing trunk to tail tissues in vertebrate embryos","volume":"25","author":"Jurberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56615","article-title":"A Tgfbr1\/Snai1-dependent developmental module at the core of vertebrate axial elongation","volume":"9","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.12.016","article-title":"The Lin28\/let-7 pathway regulates the mammalian caudal body axis elongation program","volume":"48","author":"Robinton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.12.004","article-title":"Tail bud progenitor activity relies on a network comprising Gdf11, Lin28, and Hox13 genes","volume":"48","author":"Aires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04379","article-title":"Hox genes control vertebrate body elongation by collinear Wnt repression","volume":"4","author":"Denans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(09)88008-3","article-title":"Hox, Cdx, and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse embryo","volume":"88","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.01.021","article-title":"Evo-engineering and the cellular and molecular origins of the vertebrate spinal cord","volume":"432","author":"Steventon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2020.05.031","article-title":"Experimental embryology of gastrulation: pluripotent stem cells as a new model system","volume":"64","author":"Moris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2020.02.003","article-title":"In vitro modeling of early mammalian embryogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Hadjantonakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2020.12.015","article-title":"Modeling mammalian trunk development in a dish","volume":"474","author":"Veenvliet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/dgd.12710","article-title":"In vitro systems: a new window to the segmentation clock","volume":"63","author":"Diaz-Cuadros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.03.011","article-title":"Gastruloids gain muscle: somite formation in embryo-like structures","volume":"26","author":"Rosado-Olivieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.194514","article-title":"Dynamic extrinsic pacing of the HOX clock in human axial progenitors controls motor neuron subtype specification","volume":"148","author":"Mouilleau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113001","article-title":"Symmetry breaking, germ layer specification and axial organisation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"141","author":"van den Brink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib111","first-page":"3894","article-title":"Anteroposterior polarity and elongation in the absence of extra-embryonic tissues and of spatially localised signalling in gastruloids: mammalian embryonic organoids","volume":"144","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"7726","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0578-0","article-title":"Multi-axial self-organization properties of mouse embryonic stem cells into gastruloids","volume":"562","author":"Beccari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7812","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2024-3","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal somitogenesis in gastruloids","volume":"582","author":"van den Brink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7812","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2383-9","article-title":"An in vitro model of early anteroposterior organization during human development","volume":"582","author":"Moris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6522","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba4937","article-title":"Mouse embryonic stem cells self-organize into trunk-like structures with neural tube and somites","volume":"370","author":"Veenvliet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib116","article-title":"Paraxial mesoderm organoids model development of human somites","author":"Budjan","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.12.007","article-title":"Self-organizing 3D human trunk neuromuscular organoids","volume":"26","author":"Faustino Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.157339","article-title":"Recapitulating early development of mouse musculoskeletal precursors of the paraxial mesoderm in vitro","volume":"145","author":"Chal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.165431","article-title":"Modeling human somite development and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva with induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"145","author":"Nakajima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1084952121002664?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1084952121002664?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:12:45Z","timestamp":1790698365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1084952121002664"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":119,"alternative-id":["S1084952121002664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-9521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-9521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Somite development and regionalisation of the vertebral axial skeleton","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}