{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:32:13Z","timestamp":1788355933317,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,14]],"date-time":"2008-07-14T14:02:16Z","timestamp":1216044136000},"page":"373-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Nephrotoxicity of Insect and Spider Venoms in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Regina C.R.M.","family":"Abdulkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia C.","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvino Jos\u00e9 Gurad\u00e3o","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Burdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2005.05.001","article-title":"2004 Annual report of the American association of poison control centers toxic exposure surveillance system","volume":"23","author":"Watson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib2","series-title":"Animais pe\u00e7onhentos no Brasil","article-title":"Escorpionismo","author":"Cupo","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4046.314","article-title":"Bee and wasp venoms","volume":"177","author":"Habermann","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib4","first-page":"135","article-title":"Pharmacology of Hymenoptera venoms","volume":"Vol 2","author":"Piek","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib5","first-page":"49","article-title":"Biochemistry of bee venom","volume":"Vol 2","author":"Shipolini","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1987.11098915","article-title":"Honeybee venom","volume":"67","author":"Dotimas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.79","article-title":"Quantity, analysis, and lethality of European and Africanized honey bee venoms","volume":"43","author":"Schumacher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78115-3","article-title":"Pore formation and translocation of mellitin","volume":"73","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2001.2314","article-title":"Melittin exerts multiple effects on the release of free fatty acids from L1210 cells: lack of selective activation of phospholipase A2 by melittin","volume":"389","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2004.08.012","article-title":"Influence of the lipid composition on the kinetics concerted insertion and folding of melittin in bilayers","volume":"1667","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90375-S","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of action of cobra snake venom cardiotoxins and bee venom melittin","volume":"31","author":"Fletcher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90875-6","article-title":"Rhabdomyonecrosis experimentally induced in Wistar rats by Africanized bee venom","volume":"30","author":"Azevedo-Marques","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00078-5","article-title":"Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee (Apis mellifera) venom cause necrosis of murine skeletal muscle in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Ownby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000025988","article-title":"Effect of bee venom and its melittin on apical transporters of renal proximal tubule cells","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03685.x","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress in bee venom-induced inhibition of Na+\/glucose cotransporter in renal proximal cells","volume":"29","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.012","article-title":"Brown spider and loxoscelism","volume":"44","author":"da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.08.028","article-title":"Loxoscelism: old obstacles, new directions","volume":"44","author":"Hogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.05.028","article-title":"Identification and molecular cloning of insecticidal toxins from the venom of the brown spider Loxosceles intermedia","volume":"44","author":"Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib19","first-page":"90","article-title":"The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lesion caused by the venom of brown spider, Loxosceles reclusa","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.11.006","article-title":"Loxoscelism","volume":"24","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.2.683","article-title":"Loxosceles intermedia spider envenomation induces activation of an endogenous metalloproteinase, resulting in cleavage of glycophorins from the erythrocyte surface and facilitating complement-mediated lysis","volume":"9","author":"Tambourgi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117379","article-title":"The necrotic venom of the brown recluse spider induces dysregulated endothelial cell-dependent neutrophil activation: differential induction of GM-CSF, IL-8, and E-selectin expression","volume":"94","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102435","article-title":"Loxosceles deserta spider venom induces NF-kB-dependent chemokine production by endothelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Desai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib24","first-page":"207","article-title":"Loxosceles spider venom induces the production of alpha and beta chemokines: implications for the pathogenesis of dermonecrotic arachnidism","volume":"23","author":"Gomez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651999000300009","article-title":"Production of TNF-\u03b1 by primary cultures of human keratinocytes challenged with Loxosceles gaucho venom","volume":"41","author":"M\u00e1laque","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006995023982","article-title":"Loxosceles deserta spider venom induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in keratinocytes","volume":"24","author":"Desai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90128-8","article-title":"Platelet aggregation and sphingomyelinase D activity of a purified toxin from the venom of Loxosceles reclusa","volume":"678","author":"Kurpiewski","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00127-2","article-title":"Hematological cell findings in bone marrow and peripheral blood of rabbits after experimental acute exposure to Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom","volume":"42","author":"da Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327104ht475oa","article-title":"Changes in hematological, hemostatic and biochemical parameters induced experimentally in rabbits by Loxosceles gaucho spider venom","volume":"23","author":"Tavares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.06.013","article-title":"Genetic and enzymatic characterization of sphingomyelinase D isoforms from the North American fiddleback spiders Loxosceles boneti and Loxosceles reclusa","volume":"44","author":"Ramos-Cerrillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401096","article-title":"Proteome analysis of brown spider venom: identification of loxnecrogin isoforms in Loxosceles gaucho venom","volume":"5","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.12.005","article-title":"Kinetic and mechanistic characterization of the sphingomyelinases D from Loxosceles intermedia spider venom","volume":"47","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.02.008","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two isoforms of dermonecrotic toxin from Loxosceles intermedia (Brown spider) venom gland","volume":"88","author":"da Silveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.12.002","article-title":"Two novel dermonecrotic toxins LiRecDT4 and LiRecDT5 from Brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom: from cloning to functional characterization","volume":"89","author":"da Silveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.07.001","article-title":"The Loxtox protein family in Loxosceles intermedia (Mello-Leit\u00e3o) venom","volume":"50","author":"Kalapothakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(97)00083-4","article-title":"Detection and characterization of metalloproteinases with gelatinolytic, fibronectinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities in brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom","volume":"36","author":"Feitosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00078-8","article-title":"Identification of proteases in the extract of venom glands from brown spider","volume":"40","author":"da Silveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.009","article-title":"Enzymatic characterization, antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization of dermonecrotic activity of five Loxosceles spider venoms of medical importance in the Americas","volume":"45","author":"Barbaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001000700002","article-title":"Extracellular matrix molecules as targets for brown spider venom toxins","volume":"34","author":"Veiga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070363","article-title":"Identification, cloning, expression and functional characterization of an astacin-like metalloprotease toxin from Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom","volume":"406","author":"da Silveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405200404","article-title":"Experimental evidence for a direct cytotoxicity of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom on renal tissue","volume":"52","author":"Luciano","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(73)90469-4","article-title":"Hyaluronidase and esterase activities of the venom of the poisonous brown recluse spider","volume":"159","author":"Wright","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00145-8","article-title":"Comparison of enzymatic activity from three species of necrotising arachnids in Australia: Loxosceles rufescens, Badumna insignis and Lampona cylindrata","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.024","article-title":"Hyaluronidases in Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom are endo-b-N-acetylhexosaminidases hydrolases","volume":"49","author":"da Silveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.11.033","article-title":"The venom of the Lonomia caterpillar: an overview","volume":"49","author":"Carrijo-Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92070-4","article-title":"Fibrinolysis produced by contact with a caterpillar","volume":"7597","author":"Arocha-Pi\u00f1ango","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib47","series-title":"Hemostatic and animal venoms","first-page":"223","article-title":"Fibrinolytic and procoagulat agents from a saturnidae moth caterpillar","author":"Arocha-Pi\u00f1ango","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648460","article-title":"Six new cases of a caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Arocha-Pi\u00f1ango","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib49","series-title":"Animais pe\u00e7onhentos no Brasil","article-title":"Acidentes por Lonomia","author":"Wen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.035030","article-title":"Africanization of the United States: replacement of feral European honey bees (Apis mellifera L) by an African hybrid swarm","volume":"170","author":"Pinto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib51","series-title":"Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons","first-page":"331","article-title":"Biology and distribution of hymenopterans of medical importance, their venom apparatus and venom composition","author":"Meier","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020220131327","article-title":"An autopsy approach to bee sting-related deaths","volume":"34","author":"Richers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib53","series-title":"Animais pe\u00e7onhentos no Brasil","article-title":"Acidentes por abelhas e vespas","author":"Medeiros","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib54","first-page":"269","article-title":"Severe and fatal mass attacks by \u201ckiller\u201d bees (Africanized honey bees\u2014Apis mellifera scutellata) in Brazil: clinicopathological studies with measurement of serum venom concentrations","volume":"87","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"1994","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(80)90050-1","article-title":"The effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L) venom and two of its components, mellitin and phospholipase A2, on cardiovascular system of the rat","volume":"18","author":"Marsh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1995.1136","article-title":"Melittin cardiotoxicity in cultured mouse cardiac myocytes and its correlation with calcium overload","volume":"133","author":"Okamoto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib57","first-page":"223","article-title":"Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps","volume":"170","author":"Vetter","year":"1999","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652003000100010","article-title":"Acute renal failure after massive honey bee stings","volume":"45","author":"Daher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-002-0888-0","article-title":"Acute renal failure following massive attack by Africanized bee stings","volume":"17","author":"Bresolin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh440","article-title":"Severe acute renal failure after massive attack of Africanized bees","volume":"19","author":"Gabriel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.25682","article-title":"Acute renal failure following multiple honeybee stings","volume":"60","author":"Vikrant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652004000100012","article-title":"Cardiovascular profile after intravenous injection of Africanized bee venom in awake rats","volume":"46","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.04.016","article-title":"Mechanisms of bee venom-induced acute renal failure","volume":"48","author":"Grisotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229809045088","article-title":"Acute renal failure in experimental envenomation with Africanized bee venom","volume":"20","author":"dos Reis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Renal Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000174157","article-title":"Renal changes induced by envenomation with Africanized bee venom in female Wistar rats","volume":"20","author":"dos Reis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.01.020","article-title":"Pathological findings in dogs after multiple Africanized bee stings","volume":"49","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1075","article-title":"Massive honey bee envenomation-induced rhabdomyolysis in an adolescent","volume":"117","author":"Betten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)01367-0","article-title":"Removing bee stings","volume":"348","author":"Visscher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib69","series-title":"Manual de diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento de acidentes por animais pe\u00e7onhentos","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90909-9","article-title":"A clinical and epidemiological study of Loxosceles spider envenoming in Santa Catarina, Brazil","volume":"92","author":"Sezerino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000300005","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"M\u00e1laque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90101-X","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis in presumed viscero-cutaneous loxoscelism: report of two cases","volume":"96","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651989000600007","article-title":"Loxoscelismo en Chile","volume":"31","author":"Schenone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib74","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Identification and neutralization of biological activities in the venoms of Loxosceles spiders","volume":"29","author":"Barbaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2002.00241.x","article-title":"Histopathological findings in rabbits after experimental acute exposure to the Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom","volume":"84","author":"Ospedal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib76","first-page":"315A","article-title":"Loxosceles-venom (LV) induced renal injury\u2014in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"16","author":"Lucato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.05.015","article-title":"Brown spider dermonecrotic toxin directly induces nephrotoxicity","volume":"211","author":"Chaim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00086-1","article-title":"Structures involved production, secretion, and injection of the venom produced by the caterpillars Lonomia obliqua (Lepdoptera, Saturniidae)","volume":"39","author":"Veiga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00040-0","article-title":"In vitro hemolytic of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar bristle extract on human and Wistar rat erythrocytes","volume":"41","author":"Seibert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613453","article-title":"Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in 105 patients with hemorrhagic syndrome caused by accidental contact with Lonomia obliqua caterpillar in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil","volume":"89","author":"Zannin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.012","article-title":"Acute renal failure provoked by toxin from caterpillars of the species Lonomia obliqua","volume":"47","author":"Gamborgi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822007000200021","article-title":"Occurrence of accidents caused by Lonomia oblique walker, in the state of Paran\u00e1 between 1989 and 2001","volume":"40","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib83","first-page":"132","article-title":"Taturana","volume":"II","author":"Alvarenga","year":"1912","journal-title":"Paper presented at: VIII Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina Cir\u00fargica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib84","first-page":"184","article-title":"Insufici\u00eancia renal aguda por acidentes com lagartas","volume":"12","author":"Duarte","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64961-6","article-title":"Intracerebral haemorrhage after contact with Lonomia caterpillars","volume":"348","author":"Duarte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.014","article-title":"Efficacy of two different doses of antilonomic serum in the resolution of hemorrhagic syndrome resulting from envenoming by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Caovilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2011(02)00030-7","article-title":"Identification and characterization of baculovirus from Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)","volume":"79","author":"Wolff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invertebr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3109\/15569549509019465","article-title":"Hemorrhagic syndrome induced by contact with caterpillars of the genus Lonomia (Saturnidae, hemileucinae)","volume":"14","author":"Kelen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Toxicol Toxin Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib89","first-page":"38","article-title":"Insufici\u00eancia renal aguda nos acidentes com Lonomia obliqua","volume":"1","author":"Duarte","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nefrol Latin Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib90","first-page":"337","article-title":"Severe acute renal failure induced by the venom of Lonomia caterpillars","volume":"46","author":"Burdmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651998000200010","article-title":"Hemorrhagic syndrome and acute renal failure in a pregnant woman after contact with Lonomia caterpillars; a case report","volume":"40","author":"Fan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929508000843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929508000843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T08:10:25Z","timestamp":1709107825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0270929508000843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0270929508000843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}