{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T16:00:11Z","timestamp":1772121611474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T09:32:09Z","timestamp":1230888729000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Correction of Metabolic Acidosis to Ameliorate Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Goals and Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yi-Wen","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kopple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajnish","family":"Mehrotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.08802.x","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis in maintenance dialysis patients: clinical considerations","volume":"88","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17606.x","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis and malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome in chronic renal failure","volume":"17","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.09503.x","article-title":"Risks of chronic metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"95","author":"Kopple","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70364-5","article-title":"Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities","volume":"15","author":"Lowrie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.06.008","article-title":"Association of predialysis serum bicarbonate levels with risk of mortality and hospitalization in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"44","author":"Bommer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00010505","article-title":"Association between serum bicarbonate and death in hemodialysis patients: is it better to be acidotic or alkalotic?","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib7","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib8","first-page":"S1","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/97.2.213","article-title":"Serum bicarbonate declines with sample size in vacutainer tubes","volume":"97","author":"Herr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70063-1","article-title":"Penny wise and bicarbonate foolish","volume":"35","author":"Laski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.09007.x","article-title":"Acid loading during treatment with sevelamer hydrochloride: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"90","author":"Brezina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080202200622","article-title":"Treatment with sevelamer decreases bicarbonate levels in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"22","author":"Borras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1159\/000063307","article-title":"Treatment with sevelamer decreases bicarbonate levels in hemodialysis patients","volume":"92","author":"Marco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","article-title":"A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"73","author":"Fouque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112344","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism","volume":"77","author":"May","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1987.280","article-title":"Acidosis, not azotemia, stimulates branched-chain, amino acid catabolism in uremic rats","volume":"32","author":"Hara","year":"1987","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib17","first-page":"E712","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid metabolism in rat muscle: abnormal regulation in acidosis","volume":"252","author":"May","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112924","article-title":"Mechanisms for defects in muscle protein metabolism in rats with chronic uremia","volume":"79","author":"May","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118566","article-title":"The acidosis of chronic renal failure activates muscle proteolysis in rats by augmenting transcription of genes encoding proteins of the ATP-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome pathway","volume":"97","author":"Bailey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117208","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis stimulates muscle protein degradation by activating the adenosine triphosphate-dependent pathway involving ubiquitin and proteasomes","volume":"93","author":"Mitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18330","article-title":"Activation of caspase-3 is an initial step triggering accelerated muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions","volume":"113","author":"Du","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100842","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease causes defects in signaling through the insulin receptor substrate\/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway: implications for muscle atrophy","volume":"17","author":"Bailey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C955","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.267.4.C955","article-title":"Acidosis and glucocorticoids concomitantly increase ubiquitin and proteasome subunit mRNAs in rat muscle","volume":"267","author":"Price","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1132","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.5.C1132","article-title":"Evaluation of signals activating ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis in a model of muscle wasting","volume":"276","author":"Mitch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S","article-title":"Application of branched-chain amino acids in human pathological states: renal failure","volume":"136","author":"Cano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.6.C1395","article-title":"Rat muscle branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase activity and mRNAs increase with extracellular acidemia","volume":"268","author":"England","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.05.029","article-title":"Effect of bicarbonate on muscle protein in patients receiving hemodialysis","volume":"48","author":"Lofberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib28","first-page":"230","article-title":"Correction of acidosis in dialysis patients increases branched-chain and total essential amino acid levels in muscle","volume":"48","author":"Lofberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000057379","article-title":"Inhibition of protein synthesis by acid in L6 skeletal muscle cells: analogies with the acute starvation response","volume":"24","author":"Bevington","year":"1998","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000057453","article-title":"Effects of acidosis on acute phase protein metabolism in liver cells","volume":"25","author":"Ulrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.3.623","article-title":"The effect of the correction of metabolic acidosis on nitrogen and potassium balance of patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"40","author":"Papadoyannakis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib32","first-page":"E230","article-title":"Correction of acidosis in humans with CRF decreases protein degradation and amino acid oxidation","volume":"265","author":"Reaich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.275","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis and skeletal muscle adaptation to low protein diets in chronic uremia","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.187","article-title":"Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"45","author":"Garibotto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.196","article-title":"Correction of acidosis in CAPD decreases whole body protein degradation","volume":"49","author":"Graham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V84632","article-title":"Correction of acidosis in hemodialysis decreases whole-body protein degradation","volume":"8","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.7.1723","article-title":"The effect of uraemia, acidosis, and dialysis treatment on protein metabolism: a longitudinal leucine kinetic study","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00158.x","article-title":"Alterations of protein metabolism by metabolic acidosis in children with chronic renal failure","volume":"58","author":"Boirie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70077-6","article-title":"Association of acidosis and nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients","volume":"34","author":"Uribarri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2000.00385.x","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of serum albumin in hemodialysis patients","volume":"58","author":"Leavey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139x.2000.00066.x","article-title":"Acidosis and nutritional status in hemodialyzed patients","volume":"13","author":"Chauveau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00060505","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein intake on serum total CO2 concentration in chronic kidney disease: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study findings","volume":"1","author":"Gennari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib43","first-page":"1009","article-title":"The alkaline treatment of chronic nephritis","volume":"2","author":"Dunloup","year":"1931","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib44","first-page":"S174","article-title":"Increase of body mass during long-term bicarbonate hemodialysis","volume":"22","author":"Seyffart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.11.2397","article-title":"The influence of bicarbonate supplementation on plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in haemodialysis patients with metabolic acidosis","volume":"12","author":"Kooman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.7.1719","article-title":"Correction of metabolic acidosis increases serum albumin concentrations and decreases kinetically evaluated protein intake in haemodialysis patients: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Movilli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.11.2006","article-title":"Must metabolic acidosis be associated with malnutrition in haemodialysed patients?","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/jren.2002.35298","article-title":"Effect of the correction of metabolic acidosis on nutritional status in elderly patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"12","author":"Verove","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-2276(03)00092-X","article-title":"Nutritional effects of delivered bicarbonate dose in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"13","author":"Blair","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c51","DOI":"10.1159\/000101484","article-title":"Long-term oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation does not improve serum albumin levels in hemodialysis patients","volume":"106","author":"Bossola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.12.2633","article-title":"High bicarbonate dialysate in haemodialysis patients: effects on acidosis and nutritional status","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9428449","article-title":"Correction of metabolic acidosis and its effect on albumin in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"31","author":"Brady","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.433","article-title":"Role of an improvement in acid-base status and nutrition in CAPD patients","volume":"52","author":"Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000080316.37254.7A","article-title":"Oral sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of metabolic acidosis in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized placebo-control trial","volume":"14","author":"Szeto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg472","article-title":"Individualized bicarbonate concentrations in the peritoneal dialysis fluid to optimize acid-base status in CAPD patients","volume":"19","author":"Feriani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001890.pub3","article-title":"Correction of chronic metabolic acidosis for chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"1","author":"Roderick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2008.00427.x","article-title":"How should dialysis fluid be individualized for the chronic hemodialysis patient?","volume":"21","author":"Uribarri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bicarbonate. Semin Dial"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929508001721?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929508001721?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T02:54:21Z","timestamp":1632884061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0270929508001721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0270929508001721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2008.10.009","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1147385.604558","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0270-9295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}