{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T14:26:49Z","timestamp":1783002409692,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]],"date-time":"2011-11-19T02:59:53Z","timestamp":1321671593000},"page":"553-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Diuretic-Associated Hyponatremia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"John K.","family":"Hix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Sterns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04670510","article-title":"The evidence-based use of thiazide diuretics in hypertension and nephrolithiasis","volume":"5","author":"Reilly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000229653.73128.b6","article-title":"Long-term and short-term changes in antihypertensive prescribing by office-based physicians in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Stafford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib3","first-page":"2981","article-title":"The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial","volume":"288","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-4-19","article-title":"Back to thiazide-diuretics for hypertension: reflections after a decade of irrational prescribing","volume":"4","author":"Fretheim","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040232","article-title":"The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"4","author":"Fretheim","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.60","article-title":"ALLHAT findings revisited in the context of subsequent analyses, other trials, and meta-analyses","volume":"169","author":"Wright","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0912839","article-title":"Thiazide diuretics","volume":"362","author":"Cowtan","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0907219","article-title":"Use of diuretics in patients with hypertension","volume":"361","author":"Ernst","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)90611-1","article-title":"Clinical experience with chlorothiazide","volume":"1","author":"Slater","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)90610-X","article-title":"Chlorothiazide: an oral diuretic","volume":"1","author":"Bayliss","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1958.02990020033006","article-title":"Effect of chlorothiazide on electrolyte transport in man; its use in the treatment of edema of congestive heart failure, nephrosis, and cirrhosis","volume":"166","author":"Laragh","year":"1958","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90255-3","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyponatremia and sustained antidiuresis","volume":"33","author":"Fuisz","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195908062610602","article-title":"A clinical study of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on the renal excretion of electrolytes and free water","volume":"261","author":"Januszewicz","year":"1959","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104657","article-title":"The mechanism of antidiuresis associated with the administration of hydrochlorothiazide to patients with vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus","volume":"41","author":"Earley","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00441-X","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of clinical concentrating and diluting disorders","volume":"170","author":"Schrier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R522","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1982.242.5.R522","article-title":"Effect of ethanol ingestion on plasma vasopressin and water balance in humans","volume":"242","author":"Eisenhofer","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJP Regul Integr Compar Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.214.5.879","article-title":"Polydipsia, hydrochlorothiazide, and water intoxication","volume":"214","author":"Beresford","year":"1970","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197005212822107","article-title":"Profound hyponatremia resulting from a thiazide-induced decrease in urinary diluting capacity in a patient with primary polydipsia","volume":"282","author":"Kennedy","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-1-24","article-title":"Thiazide-induced hyponatremia","volume":"110","author":"Friedman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V10102067","article-title":"Kidney aquaporin-2 expression during escape from antidiuresis is not related to plasma or tissue osmolality","volume":"10","author":"Murase","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F49","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00390.2005","article-title":"Increased renal alpha-ENaC and NCC abundance and elevated blood pressure are independent of hyperaldosteronism in vasopressin escape","volume":"291","author":"Tiwari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1076","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00075.2004","article-title":"Increased blood pressure, aldosterone activity, and regional differences in renal ENaC protein during vasopressin escape","volume":"287","author":"Song","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V122207","article-title":"Increased abundance of distal sodium transporters in rat kidney during vasopressin escape","volume":"12","author":"Ecelbarger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"13","author":"Abramow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-6-853","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"75","author":"Fichman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90822-6","article-title":"Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients","volume":"70","author":"Ashraf","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2007.06027","article-title":"Uric acid homeostasis in the evaluation of diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"55","author":"Liamis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.62.728.449","article-title":"Significance of the measurement of uric acid fractional clearance in diuretic induced hyponatraemia","volume":"62","author":"Sonnenblick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1426","article-title":"Copeptin in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia","volume":"94","author":"Fenske","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129171","article-title":"Thiazide effects and adverse effects: insights from molecular genetics","volume":"54","author":"Ellison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(88)80014-3","article-title":"Profound hypokalemia secondary to modest potassium depletion in a patient with coexisting hyponatremia: therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Aird","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01085.x","article-title":"Concomitant-acquired Long QT and Brugada syndromes associated with indapamide-induced hypokalemia and hyponatremia","volume":"31","author":"Mok","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP67345","article-title":"Centropontine myelinolysis after correction of hyponatremia: role of associated hypokalemia","volume":"67","author":"Heng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.044362","article-title":"Flecainide cardiotoxicity precipitated by electrolyte imbalance","volume":"24","author":"Khavandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6223","article-title":"Electrolyte disturbances in patients with hyponatremia","volume":"46","author":"Liamis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.08.005","article-title":"Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis associated with type 2 diabetic patient with hypokalemia","volume":"68","author":"Shintani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib37","first-page":"183","article-title":"Hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia due to indapamide","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prescrire Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04578.x","article-title":"Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia caused by indapamide","volume":"177","author":"Howes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90166-X","article-title":"Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia: association with hypokalemia","volume":"96","author":"Lohr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)91305-8","article-title":"Hypertension in elderly patients","volume":"84","author":"Plante","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.12.024","article-title":"A patient with severe hyponatremia and hypokalemia: osmotic demyelination following potassium repletion","volume":"55","author":"Berl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1210\/en.141.5.1705","article-title":"Effect of osmolarity on aldosterone production by rat adrenal glomerulosa cells","volume":"141","author":"Makara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib43","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effect of indapamide on serum and red cell cations, with and without magnesium supplementation, in subjects with mild hypertension","volume":"74","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-6-853","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"75","author":"Fichman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F828","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00393.2003","article-title":"Determinants of plasma water sodium concentration as reflected in the Edelman equation: role of osmotic and Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium","volume":"286","author":"Nguyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42599-7","article-title":"Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not","volume":"139","author":"Ettinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15624.x","article-title":"Thiazide treatment for calcium urolithiasis in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria","volume":"69","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199312050-00014","article-title":"Randomized prospective study of a nonthiazide diuretic, indapamide, in preventing calcium stone recurrences","volume":"22","author":"Borghi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1984.tb05023.x","article-title":"Thiazide prophylaxis of urolithiasis","volume":"215","author":"Laerum","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib50","first-page":"3623","article-title":"Hyponatremia and hypernatremia in the elderly","volume":"61","author":"Kugler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib51","first-page":"217","article-title":"Sodium disorders in the elderly","volume":"97","author":"Tareen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib52","first-page":"277","article-title":"Abnormalities of water metabolism in the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Ayus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp9.9","article-title":"Some sodium, potassium and water changes in the elderly and their treatment","volume":"11","author":"Andreucci","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03595.x","article-title":"Amiloride disposition in geriatric patients: importance of renal function","volume":"29","author":"Somogyi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-009-9551-z","article-title":"Renal physiology in elderly persons with severe immobility syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Musso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1300346","article-title":"Secretory pattern of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia and of two control groups","volume":"130","author":"Nadal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000097138","article-title":"Urinary retention: a cause of hyponatremia?","volume":"53","author":"Galperin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02604.x","article-title":"Clinical observation: hyponatremia associated with diuretic use and urinary retention in an older man","volume":"57","author":"Ezra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.146.7.1355","article-title":"Severe diuretic-induced hyponatremia in the elderly","volume":"146","author":"Ashouri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199512030-00002","article-title":"Metabolic adverse reactions to diuretics","volume":"12","author":"Baglin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689008301111","article-title":"Diuretics and electrolyte disturbances in 1000 consecutive geriatric admissions","volume":"83","author":"Byatt","year":"1990","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V541106","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to thiazide-induced hyponatremia in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.01696.x","article-title":"Hyponatremia in older women","volume":"6","author":"Hajjar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.08126.x","article-title":"The silent epidemic of thiazide-induced hyponatremia","volume":"10","author":"Mann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801369","article-title":"Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older","volume":"358","author":"Beckett","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196004142621501","article-title":"Clinical results of treatment of diabetes insipidus with drugs of the chlorothiazide series","volume":"262","author":"Crawford","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000143476.93376.04","article-title":"Antidiuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with upregulation of aquaporin-2, Na-Cl co-transporter, and epithelial sodium channel","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701653","article-title":"Mechanism of antidiuresis caused by bendroflumethiazide in conscious rats with diabetes insipidus","volume":"123","author":"Gronbeck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3810\/hp.2009.12.266","article-title":"Patients presenting with severe hypotonic hyponatremia: etiological factors, assessment, and outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Vu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (Minneap)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.601","article-title":"Diuretic-induced severe hyponatremia","volume":"103","author":"Sonnenblick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001458","article-title":"Diuretic induced hyponatraemia in elderly hypertensive women","volume":"16","author":"Sharabi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.1.19","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)","volume":"37","author":"Grimm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq071","article-title":"The effect of treatment based on a diuretic (indapamide) +\/- ACE inhibitor (perindopril) on fractures in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET)","volume":"39","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib74","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Clinical studies of thiazide-induced hyponatremia","volume":"96","author":"Chow","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2005.02531.x","article-title":"Thiazide diuretic prescription and electrolyte abnormalities in primary care","volume":"61","author":"Clayton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg157","article-title":"Risk factors for thiazide-induced hyponatraemia","volume":"96","author":"Chow","year":"2003","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06623.x","article-title":"Hyponatremia in a nursing home population","volume":"43","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1159\/000013496","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"19","author":"Spital","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001176","article-title":"Trends in antihypertensive drugs in the elderly: the decline of thiazides","volume":"15","author":"Onder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi109","article-title":"Thiazides: do they kill?","volume":"20","author":"Gross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.00877.x","article-title":"Influence of climate on the incidence of thiazide-induced hyponatraemia","volume":"61","author":"Chow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.00604.x","article-title":"Hyponatremia due to an additive effect of carbamazepine and thiazide diuretics","volume":"45","author":"Ranta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200402000-00012","article-title":"Severe hyponatremia associated with the combined use of thiazide diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume":"327","author":"Rosner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.3.390a","article-title":"Thiazide diuretics and polydipsia in schizophrenic patients","volume":"148","author":"Muller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.10.1424-a","article-title":"Water intoxication precipitated by thiazide diuretics in polydipsic psychiatric patients","volume":"148","author":"Shah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib86","first-page":"251","article-title":"Hyponatremic encephalopathy","volume":"103","author":"Spital","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80180-6","article-title":"Combined fractional excretion of sodium and urea better predicts response to saline in hyponatremia than do usual clinical and biochemical parameters","volume":"99","author":"Musch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0330","article-title":"Value of fractional uric acid excretion in differential diagnosis of hyponatremic patients on diuretics","volume":"93","author":"Fenske","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0973","article-title":"Can the fractional excretion of uric acid distinguish the etiology of hyponatremia in patients taking diuretics?","volume":"4","author":"Steinman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.04.020","article-title":"Treating profound hyponatremia: a strategy for controlled correction","volume":"56","author":"Sterns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32833bfa64","article-title":"Treatment of hyponatremia","volume":"19","author":"Sterns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.03.002","article-title":"The treatment of hyponatremia","volume":"29","author":"Sterns","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.251","article-title":"Overcorrection of hyponatremia is a medical emergency","volume":"76","author":"Sterns","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.146.12.2414","article-title":"Diuretic-induced hyponatremia","volume":"146","author":"Sterns","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318168ff31","article-title":"Statement of the Second International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, New Zealand, 2007","volume":"18","author":"Hew-Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103712","article-title":"Interrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water","volume":"37","author":"Edelman","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg112","article-title":"Are the total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body water the only determinants of the plasma water sodium concentration?","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200004000-00007","article-title":"The urine\/plasma electrolyte ratio: a predictive guide to water restriction","volume":"319","author":"Furst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2010.02.004","article-title":"Interpreting routine biochemistry in those aged over 65 years: a time for change","volume":"66","author":"Bourdel-Marchasson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259805.18468.8c","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension","volume":"49","author":"Chapman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02583.x","article-title":"Characteristics and mortality of severe hyponatraemia\u2014a hospital-based study","volume":"65","author":"Gill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1159\/000188036","article-title":"Spironolactone-associated hyponatremic coma","volume":"67","author":"Hirschl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.08063.x","article-title":"Well tolerated spironolactone-related hyponatremia","volume":"10","author":"Handler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1988.tb08505.x","article-title":"Dilutional hyponatraemia due to hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride (Moduretic): not to be mistaken for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)","volume":"42","author":"Canning","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(98)00153-3","article-title":"Severe hyponatraemia in an amiloride\/hydrochlorothiazide-treated patient","volume":"54","author":"van Assen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neth J Med"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929511001392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929511001392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T06:34:08Z","timestamp":1686465248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0270929511001392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0270929511001392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}