{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T10:06:47Z","timestamp":1791799607168,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seminarsinnephrology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T22:07:14Z","timestamp":1586902034000},"page":"148-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The Role of Circulating Cell-Free Hemoglobin in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"V. Eric","family":"Kerchberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine B.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0002","series-title":"Trends in inpatient hospital deaths: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2000\u20132010","author":"Hall","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care","volume":"29","author":"Angus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03681106","article-title":"Septic acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1367-2","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in septic shock: clinical outcomes and impact of duration of hypotension prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy","volume":"35","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0006","first-page":"18:501","article-title":"Septic acute kidney injury: molecular mechanisms and the importance of stratification and targeting therapy","author":"Morrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.502","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in non-severe pneumonia is associated with an increased immune response and lower survival","volume":"77","author":"Murugan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R38","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6823","article-title":"The histopathology of septic acute kidney injury: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Langenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.026","article-title":"Acute kidney injury from sepsis: current concepts, epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment","volume":"96","author":"Peerapornratana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51ra71","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001118","article-title":"A central role for free heme in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182741a54","article-title":"Association between cell-free hemoglobin, acetaminophen, and mortality in patients with sepsis: an observational study","volume":"41","author":"Janz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R125","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11425","article-title":"Free hemoglobin concentration in severe sepsis: methods of measurement and prediction of outcome","volume":"16","author":"Adamzik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F922","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00375.2018","article-title":"Cell-free hemoglobin augments acute kidney injury during experimental sepsis","volume":"317","author":"Shaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-3-33","article-title":"Longer storage duration of red blood cells is associated with an increased risk of acute lung injury in patients with sepsis","volume":"3","author":"Janz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508723103","article-title":"Haptoglobin, a hemoglobin-binding plasma protein, is present in bony fish and mammals but not in frog and chicken","volume":"103","author":"Wicher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197011122832007","article-title":"Hemopexin","volume":"283","author":"Muller-Eberhard","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0810-y","article-title":"Mechanisms of hemolysis during sepsis","volume":"41","author":"Effenberger-Neidnicht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0149-0","article-title":"Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"4","author":"Okamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07600.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"145","author":"Levi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1783-2","article-title":"Red blood cell rheology in sepsis","volume":"29","author":"Piagnerelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.9611103","article-title":"Red blood cell deformability in sepsis","volume":"157","author":"Baskurt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(90)90439-U","article-title":"Influence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the deformability of human erythrocytes","volume":"1029","author":"Suzuki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S155614","article-title":"Moderate glucose supply reduces hemolysis during systemic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"J\u00e4gers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90700-R","article-title":"Nitric oxide from polymorphonuclear leukocytes modulates red blood cell deformability in vitro","volume":"234","author":"Korbut","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199105000-00022","article-title":"Oxygen free radicals: effect on red cell deformability in sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-006-0123-8","article-title":"Suicidal erythrocyte death in sepsis","volume":"85","author":"Kempe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160850","article-title":"How do red blood cells know when to die?","volume":"4","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.5.1564","article-title":"Role of erythrocyte phosphatidylserine in sickle red cell\u2013endothelial adhesion","volume":"99","author":"Setty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.3.1119","article-title":"Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease: relationship to erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure and coagulation activation","volume":"96","author":"Setty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202018","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"366","author":"Vannier","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0031","series-title":"Malaria: drugs, disease and post-genomic biology. Current topics in microbiology and immunology","first-page":"137","article-title":"The clinical and pathophysiological features of malarial anaemia","author":"Roberts","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2373-1","article-title":"Cell-free hemoglobin mediated oxidative stress is associated with acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in severe falciparum malaria: an observational study","volume":"17","author":"Plewes","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1086\/644641","article-title":"Relationship of cell-free hemoglobin to impaired endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and perfusion in severe falciparum malaria","volume":"200","author":"Yeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2004.01.009","article-title":"Pore-forming protein toxins: from structure to function","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-451229","article-title":"Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins","volume":"121","author":"Schaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0036","first-page":"115","article-title":"Intravascular retention and renal handling of purified natural and intramolecularly cross-linked hemoglobins","volume":"117","author":"Urbaitis","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.48","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis and myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure","volume":"49","author":"Zager","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx121","article-title":"Clinical profile and outcome of pigment-induced nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Sakthirajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2000.106458","article-title":"Appearance of dissociable and cross-linked hemoglobins in the renal hilar lymph","volume":"135","author":"Matheson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0040","first-page":"954","article-title":"The radical and redox chemistry of myoglobin and hemoglobin: from in vitro studies to human pathology","volume":"6","author":"Reeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910174107","article-title":"Acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and attenuates rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure","volume":"107","author":"Boutaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-799","article-title":"Cell-free hemoglobin limits nitric oxide bioavailability in sickle-cell disease","volume":"8","author":"Reiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.008698","article-title":"Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cell microparticles and cell-free hemoglobin as a mechanism for the red cell storage lesion","volume":"124","author":"Donadee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R363","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3540","article-title":"Renal blood flow in sepsis","volume":"9","author":"Langenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000266684.17500.2F","article-title":"A systematic review of urinary findings in experimental septic acute renal failure","volume":"35","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.07.032","article-title":"Renal perfusion in sepsis: from macro- to microcirculation","volume":"91","author":"Post","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1324","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00124.2005","article-title":"Disruption of renal peritubular blood flow in lipopolysaccharide-induced renal failure: role of nitric oxide and caspases","volume":"289","author":"Tiwari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.117184","article-title":"Effects of the inducible nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine on microcirculation and reactive nitrogen species generation in the kidney following lipopolysaccharide administration in mice","volume":"320","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4160","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.11.4160","article-title":"Neutrophil activation by heme: implications for inflammatory processes","volume":"99","author":"Gra\u00e7a-Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.2023","article-title":"Heme inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis: involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, MAPK, and NF-\u03baB","volume":"173","author":"Arruda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20221","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610737200","article-title":"Characterization of heme as activator of Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"282","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2012.1897","article-title":"A perspective on the role of extracellular hemoglobin on the innate immune system","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-495887","article-title":"Heme triggers TLR4 signaling leading to endothelial cell activation and vaso-occlusion in murine sickle cell disease","volume":"123","author":"Belcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12798","article-title":"Physiological aspects of Toll\u2010like receptor 4 activation in sepsis\u2010induced acute kidney injury","volume":"219","author":"Anderberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011627","article-title":"Evolution of hemoglobin and its genes","volume":"2","author":"Hardison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V771066","article-title":"Myoglobinuric acute renal failure in the rat: a role for medullary hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and tubular obstruction","volume":"7","author":"Heyman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31731","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.48.31731","article-title":"A causative role for redox cycling of myoglobin and its inhibition by alkalinization in the pathogenesis and treatment of rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure","volume":"273","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0058","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Sequestration of extracellular hemoglobin within a haptoglobin complex decreases its hypertensive and oxidative effects in dogs and guinea pigs","volume":"119","author":"Boretti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59770","article-title":"Hemoglobin-driven pathophysiology is an in vivo consequence of the red blood cell storage lesion that can be attenuated in guinea pigs by haptoglobin therapy","volume":"122","author":"Baek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123013","article-title":"Haptoglobin improves shock, lung injury, and survival in canine pneumonia","volume":"3","author":"Remy","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019955","article-title":"Haptoglobin or hemopexin therapy prevents acute adverse effects of resuscitation after prolonged storage of red cells","volume":"134","author":"Graw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e3180556d09","article-title":"Increased mortality and altered immunity in neonatal sepsis produced by generalized peritonitis","volume":"28","author":"Wynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.24","article-title":"Hemolysis is associated with acute kidney injury during major aortic surgery","volume":"77","author":"Vermeulen Windsant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1123","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002703","article-title":"Cell-free plasma hemoglobin and male gender are risk factors for AKI in low risk children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"45","author":"Kim-Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117625","article-title":"Perioperative intravenous acetaminophen attenuates lipid peroxidation in adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Billings","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/200840257","article-title":"Hemolysis in cardiac surgery patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a review in search of a treatment algorithm","volume":"40","author":"Vercaemst","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Extra Corpor Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.011","article-title":"Postoperative acute kidney injury is associated with hemoglobinemia and an enhanced oxidative stress response","volume":"50","author":"Billings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000171531.06133.B0","article-title":"Role of hemodilutional anemia and transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass in renal injury after coronary revascularization: implications on operative outcome","volume":"33","author":"Habib","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2543-1","article-title":"Liberal versus restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategy in sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"23","author":"Hirano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201501-0145OC","article-title":"Effects of aged stored autologous red blood cells on human endothelial function","volume":"192","author":"Risbano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201405-0850OC","article-title":"Autologous transfusion of stored red blood cells increases pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"190","author":"Berra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R182","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9290","article-title":"The association of endothelial cell signaling, severity of illness, and organ dysfunction in sepsis","volume":"14","author":"Shapiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.01.010","article-title":"Renal endothelial injury and microvascular dysfunction in acute kidney injury","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0074","unstructured":"WHO Human Genomics in Global Health. Genes and human diseases. World Health Organization. [cited 2019 October 13]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/genomics\/public\/geneticdiseases\/en."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X","article-title":"Sickle-cell disease","volume":"376","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3623-6","article-title":"Acute kidney injury during pediatric sickle cell vaso-occlusive pain crisis","volume":"32","author":"Baddam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300604","article-title":"Acute renal failure in sickle cell anemia","volume":"13","author":"Sklar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12690","article-title":"Haemoglobinuria is associated with chronic kidney disease and its progression in patients with sickle cell anaemia","volume":"164","author":"Saraf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0079","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Practical notes on the treatment of blackwater fever","volume":"2","author":"Prout","year":"1907","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/35051594","article-title":"Identification of the haemoglobin scavenger receptor","volume":"409","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.65.5.1036","article-title":"Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis","volume":"65","author":"Philip","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R272","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13108","article-title":"Association between haptoglobin, hemopexin and mortality in adults with sepsis","volume":"17","author":"Janz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4326\/jjcvs.22.404","article-title":"Hemolytic renal damage during cardiopulmonary bypass and the preventive effect of haptoglobin","volume":"22","author":"Nomura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002093","article-title":"Haptoglobin administration in cardiovascular surgery patients: its association with the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury","volume":"124","author":"Kubota","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00586-1","article-title":"Hemopexin: a review of biological aspects and the role in laboratory medicine","volume":"312","author":"Delanghe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1185","article-title":"Identification of the receptor scavenging hemopexin-heme complexes","volume":"106","author":"Hvidberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13112","DOI":"10.1021\/bi960737u","article-title":"Role of hemopexin in protection of low-density lipoprotein against hemoglobin-induced oxidation","volume":"35","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0088","first-page":"234","article-title":"Hemopexin joins transferrin as representative members of a distinct class of receptor-mediated endocytic transport systems","volume":"53","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/104454902753759717","article-title":"Hemopexin: structure, function, and regulation","volume":"21","author":"Tolosano","year":"2002","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1021\/tx9002512","article-title":"Mechanism of acetaminophen oxidation by the peroxidase-like activity of methemoglobin","volume":"22","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0091","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults","volume":"12","author":"Szakmany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212722","article-title":"A randomized trial of glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill patients","volume":"368","author":"Heyland","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000718","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for the reduction of oxidative injury in severe sepsis: the ACROSS trial","volume":"43","author":"Janz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy213","article-title":"Acetaminophen as a renoprotective adjunctive treatment in patients with severe and moderately severe falciparum malaria: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial","volume":"67","author":"Plewes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000149","article-title":"Acetaminophen attenuates lipid peroxidation in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"15","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508375","article-title":"Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected infection","volume":"373","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.11.058","article-title":"Ascorbic acid attenuates endothelial permeability triggered by cell-free hemoglobin","volume":"495","author":"Kuck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.036","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective before-after study","volume":"151","author":"Marik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.11825","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C infusion on organ failure and biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury in patients with sepsis and severe acute respiratory failure: the CITRIS-ALI randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000109454.13145.CA","article-title":"Treatment with N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine protects rats against oxidative stress and improves survival in sepsis","volume":"32","author":"Ritter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929520300061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929520300061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T23:35:19Z","timestamp":1759448119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0270929520300061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0270929520300061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Role of Circulating Cell-Free Hemoglobin in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Nephrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2020.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}