{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:54:41Z","timestamp":1791057281536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2501302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2501302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002402","name":"Sun Yat-sen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","seminarsinnephrology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:55:08Z","timestamp":1790740508000},"page":"151726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4560-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.10.017","article-title":"Update on Lupus Nephritis: Core Curriculum 2020","volume":"76","author":"Parikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013010026","article-title":"The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis","volume":"24","author":"Lech","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00398-2","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"403","author":"Hoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lance.t"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review","volume":"331","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev311","article-title":"The frequency and outcome of lupus nephritis: results from an international inception cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Hanly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320932219","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and end-stage renal disease: a pragmatic review mapping disease severity and progression","volume":"29","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42375","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of lupus nephritis: a population-based study over four decades using the Lupus Midwest Network","volume":"75","author":"Hocao\u01e7lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-017-0518-z","article-title":"Rate of adverse effects of medium- to high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of randomized control trials","volume":"37","author":"Sciascia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103612","article-title":"Navigating the landscape of SLE treatment: An expert viewpoint on the rationality and limitations of early biologic intervention","volume":"23","author":"Gatto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0010","first-page":"9","article-title":"Advancements in integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for lupus nephritis","volume":"025","author":"Ye","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chinese J Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/acm4.22","article-title":"Integrative therapy of traditional Chinese medicine and conventional medicine in the treatment of lupus nephritis from a single-center experience","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Chin med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0012","first-page":"45","article-title":"Observational study of Lang Chuang Fang and immunosuppressants in the treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chinese J Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-021-3497-0","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0014","article-title":"Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal medicine used with Western medicine for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112799","article-title":"Progress in traditional Chinese medicine and natural extracts for the treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"149","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00311-5","article-title":"Triptolide regulates the balance of Tfr\/Tfh in lupus mice","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.047","article-title":"Triptolide ameliorates lupus via the induction of miR-125a-5p mediating Treg upregulation","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1315-9","article-title":"Baicalin ameliorates lupus autoimmunity by inhibiting differentiation of Tfh cells and inducing expansion of Tfr cells","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1876-0","article-title":"Baicalein ameliorates pristane-induced lupus nephritis via activating Nrf2\/HO-1 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0020","first-page":"844","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis with Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Tradit West Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0021","first-page":"140","article-title":"Lv Renhe\u2019s experience in treating lupus nephritis with medication","author":"Zhao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0022","first-page":"58","article-title":"Analysis of etiology and pathogenesis in lupus nephritis: a Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatism and Arthritis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0023","first-page":"10","article-title":"Treatment of lupus nephritis with Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Kidney Disease Investigation (Electronic Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0024","first-page":"656","article-title":"Approaches and methods for treating chronic kidney disease from the perspective of latent pathogenic factors","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Tradit West Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0025","first-page":"3","article-title":"Theoretical research on lupus nephritis treatment by renowned TCM practitioners: a literature study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0026","first-page":"475","article-title":"Clinical retrospective analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome characteristics in lupus nephritis","author":"Sheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0027","first-page":"3012","article-title":"Correlation between TCM syndrome types of lupus nephritis and renal pathological types and laboratory indicators","volume":"24","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lishizhen Medicine and Material Medica Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0028","first-page":"74","article-title":"Correlations between Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome types and clinical indicators\/pathological classifications in lupus nephritis","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0029","first-page":"62","article-title":"Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine deficiency\/excess primary patterns with disease activity in lupus nephritis","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0030","first-page":"996","article-title":"Correlation analysis of heat-stasis syndrome in lupus nephritis with renal pathology and local coagulation-fibrinolysis","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0031","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Qinghao Biejia decoction in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117602","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Shenqi Dihuang decoction for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"323","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0033","first-page":"2","article-title":"Discussion on the general treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"2","author":"Ye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chinese Gen Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.815","article-title":"Lupus recipe inhibits cGVHD-induced lupus nephritis in mice and promote renal LC3-associated autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0035","first-page":"74","article-title":"Observation of lupus recipe in treating lupus nephritis mice with chronic graft versus host disease","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0036","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effect of lupus recipe contained serum on the expression of PPAR\u03b3 and TNF\u03b1 with IFN\u03b3 induced CD40 and RANTES on renal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Tradit Med Formulae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1159\/000094735","article-title":"Effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the expression of CD40 and RANTES induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2)","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.049","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction, its two fractions and four typical compounds","volume":"134","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1433-1","article-title":"Reno-protective effect and mechanism study of Huang Lian Jie Du decoction on lupus nephritis MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"16","author":"Nie","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0040","first-page":"983","article-title":"Adjunctive role of Liuwei Dihuang pills in glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide therapy for lupus nephritis","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.12.016","article-title":"Integrative therapy decreases the risk of lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"196","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0042","first-page":"499","article-title":"Effect of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan on RAGE, MCP-1 and fractalkine in blood and urine of patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nephrology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021137","article-title":"A randomized controlled clinical trial study protocol of Liuwei Dihuang pills in the adjuvant treatment of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"99","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.07.024","article-title":"The effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats with insulin resistance","volume":"192","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0045","article-title":"Application of herbal traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2020.08.007","article-title":"Modified Zhibai Dihuang pill, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on steroid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Integr Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0047","article-title":"Potential molecular mechanisms of Zhibai Dihuang Wan in systemic lupus erythematosus based on network biology","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10101914","article-title":"Exploring the molecular mechanism of Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques","volume":"10","author":"Zhuang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(00)00024-2","article-title":"Immunomodulating effect of a traditional Japanese medicine, hachimi-jio-gan (ba-wei-di-huang-wan), on Th1 predominance in autoimmune MRL\/MP-lpr\/lpr mice","volume":"1","author":"Furuya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00257-6","article-title":"Suppressive effect of a traditional Japanese medicine, Hachimi-jio-gan (Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan), on the hyperresponsiveness to IL-18 in autoimmune MRL\/MPJ-lpr\/lpr mice","volume":"3","author":"Furuya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115997","article-title":"Combining network pharmacology, machine learning, molecular docking, molecular simulation dynamics and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Zhenwu decoction in treating major depression through TNF-\u03b1 pathways","volume":"501","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121216","article-title":"Mechanism of Ershen Zhenwu decoction in treating chronic heart failure by regulating PTEN-induced putative kinase 1\/Parkin pathway mediated mitophagy","volume":"360","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2025.124797","article-title":"ADAMTS16 and TRPV5: New targets of Zhenwu decoction on renal fibrosis investigated by chemomics and transcriptomics","volume":"1267","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2025.2599570","article-title":"Zhenwu decoction ameliorates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats via dual modulation of AVP-V2R-AQP2 and RAAS-MR-AQP3 pathways","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ren Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0055","first-page":"2035","article-title":"Clinical study of heat-sensitive moxibustion combined with modified Zhenwu decoction in the treatment of lupus nephritis with spleen-kidney yang deficiency pattern","volume":"37","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Journal of Medical Theory and Practice."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0056","first-page":"92","article-title":"Clinical observation on rituximab combined with Zhenwu Tang for lupus nephritis","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Chinese Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116597","article-title":"Zhen-Wu-Tang ameliorates lupus nephritis by diminishing renal tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells via suppressing IL-15\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"174","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108750","article-title":"Pharmacological and bioinformatics analysis reveals the reno-protective mechanisms of Zhenwu decoction in chronic kidney disease","volume":"120","author":"Ruiping","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0059","article-title":"Review of molecular biological research on the treatment of membranous nephropathy with Tripterygium glycosides based on TCM theory","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0060","first-page":"211","article-title":"Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids combined with Tripterygium wilfordii in the treatment of 27 cases of lupus nephritis","author":"He","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Wannan Medical College"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0061","first-page":"42","article-title":"Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of Tripterygium wilfordii in the treatment of 38 cases of nephritis","volume":"1","author":"Hou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Tianjin Medical University"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0062","first-page":"116","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii induces regression of severe lupus nephritis","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0063","first-page":"512","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of corticosteroids combined with Tripterygium glycosides in the treatment of class V lupus nephritis","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0064","first-page":"28","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations in the treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"19","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Latest Medicine Information."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0065","article-title":"Tripterygium glycosides for safely controlling disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0066","first-page":"671","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of Tripterygium glycosides tablet for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Yingyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21762","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii: an inspiring resource for rheumatoid arthritis treatment","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008568.pub2","article-title":"Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (a traditional Chinese medicine) for primary nephrotic syndrome","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780361217","article-title":"Resolution of severe lupus nephritis associated with Tripterygium wilfordii hook F ingestion","volume":"36","author":"Kao","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90023-H","article-title":"Prolonged survival of MRL-lpr\/lpr mice treated with Tripterygium wilfordii Hook-F","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23513","article-title":"Effective therapy for nephritis in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice with triptolide and tripdiolide, the principal active components of the Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F","volume":"58","author":"Tao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118888","article-title":"Exploring the liver toxicity mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii extract based on metabolomics, network pharmacological analysis and experimental validation","volume":"337","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2025.117354","article-title":"Triptophenolide aggravates triptolide-induced liver injury through disrupting the biological function of intestine","volume":"500","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0074","article-title":"Comparative analysis of chemical constituents and pharmacology of Paeoniae radix rubra and Paeoniae radix alba","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horticulture & Seed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107452","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0076","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of total glucosides of paeony in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0077","article-title":"Total glucosides of Paeonia lactiflora for safely reducing disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115417","article-title":"Enhanced efficacy with reduced toxicity of Tripterygium glycoside tablet by compatibility with total glucosides of paeony for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"166","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8864273","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of combined triptolide and paeoniflorin regimen for percutaneous administration in rats assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"2021","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0080","first-page":"513","article-title":"Toxicity-reduced and action-enhancing effects of total glucosides of paeony on Tripterygium glycosides in treating lupus nephritis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongyao Xinyao Yu Linchuang Yaoli."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156996","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony ameliorates lupus nephritis by suppressing ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis in podocytes","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.683249","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony ameliorate pristane-induced lupus nephritis by inducing PD-1 ligands(+) macrophages via activating IL-4\/STAT6\/PD-L2 signaling","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207323666200517114802","article-title":"Radix Paeoniae Rubra ameliorates lupus nephritis in lupus-like symptoms of Mrl mice by reducing intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comb Chem High Throughput Screen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.02.002","article-title":"Total glucosides of paeony induces regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells by increasing Foxp3 demethylation in lupus CD4(+) T cells","volume":"143","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00194-7","article-title":"Artemisinin: mechanisms of action, resistance and toxicity","volume":"32","author":"Meshnick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000766","article-title":"Dondorp AM. Artemisinin and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum - a threat for malaria control and elimination","volume":"34","author":"Dhorda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.09.005","article-title":"Artemisinin bioactivity and resistance in malaria parasites","volume":"35","author":"Talman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520620666200120100252","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of artemisinin and its derivatives for tumorigenesis and metastasis","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.751772","article-title":"Immunoregulation by artemisinin and its derivatives: a new role for old antimalarial drugs","volume":"12","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.06.044","article-title":"Artemisinins and immune system","volume":"668","author":"Shakir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmq101","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of artemisinin on lupus nephritis mice and its mechanisms","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0092","first-page":"2436","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of hydroxychloroquine and artemisinin combination therapy via the nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling pathway in lupus nephritis mice","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-011-0693-3","article-title":"Effect of artemisinin combined with glucocorticoid on the expressions of glucocorticoid receptor \u03b1 mRNA, glucocorticoid receptor \u03b2 mRNA and P300\/CBP protein in lupus nephritis mice","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1097206","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in managing kidney diseases","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.58","article-title":"A pilot study of the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of artesunate in the MRL\/lpr murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.152965","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of artesunate on lupus-prone MRL\/lpr mice are dependent on T follicular helper cell differentiation and activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"62","author":"Dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.13","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of the artemisinin analog SM934 on lupus-prone MRL\/lpr mice via inhibition of TLR-triggered B-cell activation and plasma cell formation","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1840-1","article-title":"Artemisinin analogue SM934 protects against lupus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome via activation of Nrf2 and its targets","volume":"64","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.02.1068","article-title":"WCN23-1043 Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of artesunate in patients with active lupus nephritis","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1077195","article-title":"Curcumin, an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and its effects on health","volume":"57","author":"Kocaadam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033231161961","article-title":"The impact of curcumin supplementation on systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Ramessar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2017.72623","article-title":"Curcumin modulation of the activation of PYK2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.046","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates murine lupus via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0104","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis in MRL\/lpr mice by suppressing macrophage-secreted B cell activating factor (BAFF)","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001220","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis by inhibiting neutrophil migration via PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512004734","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis upon interaction with regulatory T cells in New Zealand Black\/White mice","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0107","first-page":"175","article-title":"Research progress on Scutellaria baicalensis and its bioactive components in the treatment of skin diseases","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Global Traditional Chinese Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0108","article-title":"Baicalin: bridging traditional medicine and modern science in food and functional applications","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19536","article-title":"The potential mechanism of Huangqin for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70174","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical application of Zhenwu decoction","volume":"138","author":"Liao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929526000471?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0270929526000471?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:40:51Z","timestamp":1791056451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0270929526000471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["S0270929526000471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9295","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Nephrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2026.151726","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"151726"}}