{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T05:02:03Z","timestamp":1780203723870,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL139492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL139492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T04:01:36Z","timestamp":1757822496000},"page":"152143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The placenta as a window into neonatal brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Elmira","family":"Bachinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2736-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Guyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riddhi","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Amoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenandoah","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hawley","family":"Helmbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren L.","family":"Jantzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0001","first-page":"S6","article-title":"What is the placenta?","volume":"213","author":"Burton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0002","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis","author":"Fowler","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12296","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical significance of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"72","author":"Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.02.003","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis","volume":"37","author":"Tita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0005","series-title":"NCHSData Brief, 507","article-title":"Births in the United States, 2023","author":"Martin","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.03.028","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis and risk of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort study","volume":"227","author":"Tsamantioti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00649","article-title":"Immunobiology of acute chorioamnionitis","volume":"11","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12074","article-title":"Evidence for a role for the adaptive immune response in human term parturition","volume":"69","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2019.08.079","article-title":"Placental and intra-amniotic inflammation are associated with altered fetal immune responses at birth","volume":"85","author":"Stinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2013.67.124-125","article-title":"Group B streptococci investigation in pre-term labors","volume":"67","author":"Seyyed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00091-16","article-title":"The Human ureaplasma species as causative agents of chorioamnionitis","volume":"30","author":"Sweeney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.02.002","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term: definition, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"230","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040","article-title":"Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113917","article-title":"Placental pathology: pathways leading to or associated with perinatal brain injury in experimental neurology, special issue: Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury","volume":"347","author":"Redline","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","article-title":"Neutrophil: A cell with many roles in inflammation or several cell types?","volume":"9","author":"Rosales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98306","article-title":"IL-1 signaling mediates intrauterine inflammation and chorio-decidua neutrophil recruitment and activation","volume":"3","author":"Presicce","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.591460","article-title":"Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm PROM: a study of the alarmin HMGB1","volume":"24","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0018","article-title":"The role of neutrophils in chorioamnionitis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0225","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response","volume":"45","author":"Martinez-Varea","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(00)00064-4","article-title":"Cytokine production in chorioamnionitis","volume":"47","author":"Saji","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.503","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"118","author":"Dinarello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.254","article-title":"Augmented Th17-type immune responses in preterm neonates exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis","volume":"81","author":"Rito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0297-y","article-title":"Fetal cord blood and tissue immune responses to chronic placental inflammation and chorioamnionitis","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502613","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis promotes IL-1-dependent inflammatory FOXP3+ CD4+ T cells in the fetal Rhesus Macaque","volume":"196","author":"Rueda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101146","article-title":"The fetal inflammatory response syndrome: the origins of a concept, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and obstetrical implications","volume":"25","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101112","article-title":"Therapeutic interventions for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS)","volume":"25","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13171","article-title":"Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation","volume":"82","author":"Gomez-Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-021120-033518","article-title":"The role of immune factors in shaping fetal neurodevelopment","volume":"36","author":"Lu-Culligan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20220064","article-title":"Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"7","author":"Woods","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuronal Signal"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082763jb","article-title":"Immune cells in the placental bed","volume":"54","author":"Bulmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100003","article-title":"Immunology of the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"31","author":"Erlebacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.001","article-title":"Decidual leucocyte populations in early to late gestation normal human pregnancy","volume":"82","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0033","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Immunology at the maternal-fetal interface","author":"Balasundaram","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-025-02015-6","article-title":"The landscape of decidual immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface in parturition and preterm birth","volume":"74","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7567708","article-title":"Understanding the immune system in fetal protection and maternal infections during pregnancy","volume":"2022","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300201","article-title":"Immunosequencing and profiling of T cells at the maternal-fetal interface of women with preterm labor and chronic chorioamnionitis","volume":"211","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12798","article-title":"Maternal CD8(+) T-cell depletion alleviates intrauterine inflammation-induced perinatal brain injury","volume":"79","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302891","article-title":"Decidual neutrophil infiltration is not required for preterm birth in a mouse model of infection-induced preterm labor","volume":"192","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1159\/000048717","article-title":"Chemokine GRO1 and the spatial and temporal regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation","volume":"23","author":"Robinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-24-10457.1998","article-title":"The chemokine growth-regulated oncogene-alpha promotes spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00838-3","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR2 controls positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration","volume":"110","author":"Tsai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.11.002","article-title":"Preclinical chorioamnionitis dysregulates CXCL1\/CXCR2 signaling throughout the placental-fetal-brain axis","volume":"301","author":"Yellowhair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101110","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain injury in newborn infants associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00362","article-title":"The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases","volume":"8","author":"da Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the Central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6503","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba5906","article-title":"Human fetal microglia acquire homeostatic immune-sensing properties early in development","volume":"369","author":"Kracht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01017-6","article-title":"The role of microglia in early neurodevelopment and the effects of maternal immune activation","volume":"46","author":"Mastenbroek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0706-4","article-title":"Intra-amniotic LPS causes acute neuroinflammation in preterm rhesus macaques","volume":"13","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02309-6","article-title":"The semantics of microglia activation: neuroinflammation, homeostasis, and stress","volume":"18","author":"Woodburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.006","article-title":"Microglia depletion in early life programs persistent changes in social, mood-related, and locomotor behavior in male and female rats","volume":"316","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"6640","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo7649","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo7649","article-title":"Transforming the understanding of brain immunity","volume":"380","author":"Castellani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00519-9","article-title":"Paediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"10","author":"Kahle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22049","article-title":"Altered inflammatory responses in preterm children with cerebral palsy","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1212\/cont.0000000000001578","article-title":"Childhood-onset hydrocephalus","volume":"31","author":"Robinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00322","article-title":"Extended combined neonatal treatment with erythropoietin plus melatonin prevents posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity in rats","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151596","article-title":"Pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: new horizons","volume":"46","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081911","article-title":"Cumulative damage: cell death in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity","volume":"10","author":"Sevensky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01673-6","article-title":"Assessing neonatal brain glymphatic system development using diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space and choroid plexus volume","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.06.001","article-title":"Histological chorioamnionitis shapes the neonatal transcriptomic immune response","volume":"98","author":"Weitkamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03023-8","article-title":"Severe neurological impairment and immune function: altered neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and inflammasome activation","volume":"95","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0061","article-title":"Dysregulated monocyte and neutrophil functional phenotype in infants with neonatal encephalopathy requiring therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"8","author":"O'Dea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577597","article-title":"Altered distributions and functions of natural killer T cells and gammadelta T cells in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, in school-age children at follow-up, and in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"356","author":"Taher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01656-w","article-title":"Cytokine dysregulation persists in childhood post neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Zareen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16253","article-title":"CXCR2 immunomodulatory therapy protects against microstructural white matter injury and gait abnormalities but does not mitigate deficits of cognition in a preclinical model of cerebral palsy","volume":"169","author":"Kitase","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00324","article-title":"CXCR2 Blockade mitigates neural cell injury following preclinical chorioamnionitis","volume":"10","author":"Yellowhair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0066","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis in rats precipitates extended postnatal inflammatory lymphocyte hyperreactivity","author":"Yellowhair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-018-0402-x","article-title":"The economic burden of abuse of prescription opioids: A systematic literature review from 2012 to 2017","volume":"16","author":"Reinhart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3299","article-title":"Prescription opioid epidemic and infant outcomes","volume":"135","author":"Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000-2009","volume":"307","author":"Patrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556740","article-title":"Prescription opioids in pregnancy and birth outcomes: a review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Yazdy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.019","article-title":"Prenatal stress, development, health and disease risk: A psychobiological perspective-2015 Curt Richter Award Paper","volume":"62","author":"Entringer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac003","article-title":"The placenta as a target of opioid drugsdagger","volume":"106","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2175026","article-title":"Histological changes observed in Placentas exposed to medication-assisted treatment","volume":"2021","author":"Staszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1612870","article-title":"Placental aromatase expression decreased in severe neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Townsel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2025.02.012","article-title":"Placental transcriptome analysis in opioid-exposed versus non-opioid exposed pregnancies","volume":"162","author":"Sousa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.013","article-title":"Dr. Linda R. Watkins: A pioneer who rewrote the science of pain and neuroimmune signaling","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11187","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0684-12.2012","article-title":"Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement","volume":"32","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2025.104445","article-title":"Buprenorphine induces human fetal membrane sterile inflammation","volume":"168","author":"Lynn","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00272","article-title":"Perinatal opioid exposure primes the peripheral immune system toward hyperreactivity","volume":"8","author":"Newville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0080","first-page":"2","article-title":"Methadone alters the peripheral inflammatory and central immune landscape following prenatal exposure in rats","author":"Madurai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Drug Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.11.007","article-title":"Prenatal opioid exposure: the next neonatal neuroinflammatory disease","volume":"84","author":"Jantzie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1139378","article-title":"In utero methadone exposure permanently alters anatomical and functional connectivity: A preclinical evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Chin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.293136","article-title":"Neonatal opioid exposure: public health crisis and novel neuroinflammatory disease","volume":"16","author":"Vasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2024.1357970","article-title":"Sex differences in neonatal outcomes following prenatal opioid exposure","volume":"12","author":"Madurai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.07.032","article-title":"Sex-dependent gene expression in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome","volume":"214","author":"Yen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.586447","article-title":"Cannabis use in pregnant and breastfeeding women: behavioral and neurobiological consequences","volume":"11","author":"Navarrete","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1002-5","article-title":"Maternal cannabis use in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Corsi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.45653","article-title":"Birth outcomes of neonates exposed to marijuana in Utero: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Marchand","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2902","article-title":"Associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and childhood outcomes: results from the ABCD study","volume":"78","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90338-3","article-title":"Fetal disposition of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during late pregnancy in the rhesus monkey","volume":"90","author":"Bailey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.03.002","article-title":"Cannabinoids and the placenta: receptors, signaling and outcomes","volume":"135","author":"Rokeby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57318-6","article-title":"Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta","volume":"10","author":"Natale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(03)00097-8","article-title":"Roles of Rho-family GTPases in cell polarisation and directional migration","volume":"15","author":"Fukata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.12.031","article-title":"RhoA\/MLC signaling pathway is involved in delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-impaired placental angiogenesis","volume":"285","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24401-4","article-title":"Chronic prenatal delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure adversely impacts placental function and development in a rhesus macaque model","volume":"12","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106115118","article-title":"Maternal cannabis use is associated with suppression of immune gene networks in placenta and increased anxiety phenotypes in offspring","volume":"118","author":"Rompala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47861-8","article-title":"Characterization of cannabinoid plasma concentration, maternal health, and cytokine levels in a rat model of prenatal cannabis smoke exposure","volume":"13","author":"Black","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0098","article-title":"Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol on the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism: ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta","volume":"1865","author":"Maia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1159\/000477603","article-title":"Suppression of STAT3 signaling by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces trophoblast dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14080995","article-title":"Placenta extracellular vesicles: messengers connecting maternal and fetal systems","volume":"14","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.02.010","article-title":"Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy complications","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1149-x","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis, neuroinflammation, and injury: timing is key in the preterm ovine fetus","volume":"15","author":"Gussenhoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6478","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113914","article-title":"Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury: evolving inflammation and exosomes","volume":"347","author":"Gall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioad146","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from mouse trophoblast cells: effects on neural progenitor cells and potential participants in the placenta-brain axisdagger","volume":"110","author":"Kinkade","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-68","article-title":"Exosomes as mediators of neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0107","article-title":"Review: the potential role of placental extracellular vesicles in blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in preeclampsia","author":"Escudero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.07.006","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles- crucial players in human pregnancy","volume":"140","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.01.003","article-title":"The placenta as a window to the brain: A review on the role of placental markers in prenatal programming of neurodevelopment","volume":"73","author":"Shallie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00354-8","article-title":"The placental epigenome as a molecular link between prenatal exposures and fetal health outcomes through the DOHaD hypothesis","volume":"9","author":"Lapehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3878-0","article-title":"Whole-transcriptome analysis delineates the human placenta gene network and its associations with fetal growth","volume":"18","author":"Deyssenroth","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2016-0132","article-title":"Sexual epigenetic dimorphism in the human placenta: implications for susceptibility during the prenatal period","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2022-0061","article-title":"The placenta epigenome-brain axis: placental epigenomic and transcriptomic responses that preprogram cognitive impairment","volume":"14","author":"Freedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.014","article-title":"Epigenetics as a mechanism linking developmental exposures to long-term toxicity","volume":"114","author":"Barouki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101509","article-title":"The whole body as the system in systems immunology","volume":"23","author":"Poon","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02291-z","article-title":"Sustained peripheral immune hyper-reactivity (SPIHR): an enduring biomarker of altered inflammatory responses in adult rats after perinatal brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Kitase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2018.11.012","article-title":"IL8 and EDEM3 gene expression ratio indicates peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) quality","volume":"465","author":"Kofanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa028","article-title":"Current approaches and developments in transcript profiling of the human placenta","volume":"26","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02584-x","article-title":"Neuroinflammation represents a common theme amongst genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases","volume":"19","author":"Boyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114229","article-title":"Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury","volume":"358","author":"Jantzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011484","article-title":"Cell-free placental DNA: what do we really know?","volume":"20","author":"Yuen","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.240081","article-title":"Genetics of cerebral palsy: diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and beyond","volume":"48","author":"Jang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014600052500120X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014600052500120X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T04:58:02Z","timestamp":1780203482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014600052500120X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S014600052500120X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-0005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-0005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The placenta as a window into neonatal brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Perinatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semperi.2025.152143","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152143"}}