{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:01:53Z","timestamp":1781139713206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:21:00Z","timestamp":1778880060000},"page":"152247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fortifying the future: updates in knowledge and practice principles of human milk fortification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3994-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie Q.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando R.","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6948-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.2.280","article-title":"Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants","volume":"104","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0129","article-title":"Weight growth velocity and postnatal growth failure in infants 501 to 1500 grams: 2000-2013","volume":"136","author":"Horbar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1368","article-title":"Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"117","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.012","article-title":"Early energy and protein intakes and associations with growth, BPD, and ROP in extremely preterm infants","volume":"38","author":"Klevebro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318217f4f1","article-title":"Early nutrition mediates the influence of severity of illness on extremely LBW infants","volume":"69","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030235","article-title":"Association of neonatal morbidities and postnatal growth faltering in preterm neonates","volume":"13","author":"Rogulska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-054272","article-title":"Promoting human milk and breastfeeding for the very low birth weight infant","volume":"148","author":"Parker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7133a1","article-title":"Infant feeding practices and child development: findings from the infant feeding practices study II and its year 6 follow-up","volume":"71","author":"Boundy","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.21608","article-title":"Associations of maternal milk feeding with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age in former preterm infants","volume":"5","author":"Belfort","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.11.004","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Lechner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071525","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of macronutrient composition in preterm and term human milk: a prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Fischer Fumeaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa014","article-title":"The nutritional composition and energy content of donor human milk: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Perrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0013","first-page":"1170","article-title":"Nutrient composition of donor human milk and comparisons to preterm milk","volume":"14","author":"Gates","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0014","article-title":"Protein and free amino acid composition of preterm human milk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Miketinas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1554046","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing fortification of human milk with infant formula powder versus unfortified human milk","volume":"33","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2022.02.010","article-title":"Human milk fortification: a practical analysis of current evidence","volume":"49","author":"Bergner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01502-6","article-title":"Dilemmas in human milk fortification","volume":"43","author":"Hair","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0018","article-title":"Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants","volume":"2020","author":"McGuire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0019","article-title":"Early human milk fortification in infants born extremely preterm: a randomized trial","volume":"152","author":"Salas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081366","article-title":"Impact of unfortified human milk, fortified human milk, and preterm formula intake on body composition at term","volume":"17","author":"Mills","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000336127","article-title":"Poor linear growth velocity and neurodevelopment in preterm infants","volume":"102","author":"Ramel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e899","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0282","article-title":"Infant growth before and after term and neurodevelopment","volume":"128","author":"Belfort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2023.04.001","article-title":"Human milk fortification for very preterm infants","volume":"50","author":"Talebiyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0024","article-title":"Use of human milk and fortification in the NICU","volume":"30","author":"Adamkin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e928","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3120","article-title":"A new liquid human milk fortifier and linear growth","volume":"130","author":"Moya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001010","article-title":"Growth and tolerance of preterm infants fed a new hydrolyzed fortifier","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0027","first-page":"252","article-title":"Improved outcomes with nonacidified fortifier","volume":"202","author":"Schanler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0028","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Improved growth velocity using a new liquid fortifier","volume":"42","author":"Moya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.040","article-title":"Exclusive human milk diet and NEC","volume":"156","author":"Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.056","article-title":"Early versus delayed fortification","volume":"174","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0031","first-page":"271","article-title":"Early versus delayed fortification: systematic review","volume":"243","author":"Alyahya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0032","article-title":"Early versus late fortification","volume":"2020","author":"Thanigainathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03677-6","article-title":"Early versus late fortification meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Basu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-024-05066-5","article-title":"Early vs late fortification RCT","volume":"92","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-024-01998-0","article-title":"Immediate fortification trial","volume":"44","author":"Wynter","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0036","article-title":"Feeding approaches meta-analysis","author":"Hamouda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.011","article-title":"Exclusive human milk vs formula","volume":"163","author":"Cristofalo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy067","article-title":"Human vs bovine fortifiers RCT","volume":"108","author":"O'Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0039","article-title":"Human milk-based fortification trial","volume":"68","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16060910","article-title":"Human vs bovine fortifiers meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Galis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17213384","article-title":"Fortification and NEC meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Reyes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0042","article-title":"Early fortification and BPD severity","volume":"287","author":"Tucker","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0043","first-page":"347","article-title":"Two liquid fortifiers comparison","volume":"10","author":"Lainwala","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10569","article-title":"Acidified vs nonacidified fortifiers","volume":"36","author":"Cordova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0045","first-page":"207","article-title":"Acidified vs non-acidified fortifier outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Darrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.07.005","article-title":"Human milk cream supplementation trial","volume":"165","author":"Hair","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01628-x","article-title":"Protein-enriched fortified milk trial","volume":"91","author":"Salas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0048","article-title":"Hyperosmolality risk during fortification","volume":"17","author":"Basany","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0049","article-title":"Enhanced fortification strategies","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211571","article-title":"Adjustable fortification","volume":"26","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.67","article-title":"Nutrition strategies in BPD","volume":"32","author":"Theile","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2020.1816465","article-title":"Infrared analyzers for breast milk","volume":"20","author":"Borr\u00e0s-Novell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.04.052","article-title":"Target fortification of breast milk","volume":"163","author":"Rochow","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0054","article-title":"Individualized fortification approaches","volume":"8","author":"Fusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.04.031","article-title":"Target fortification RCT","volume":"40","author":"Rochow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10307","article-title":"Targeted vs adjustable protein fortification","volume":"35","author":"Bulut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172904","article-title":"Fortin study RCT","volume":"16","author":"Sanchez-Holgado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111764","article-title":"Fortification and neurodevelopment","volume":"17","author":"Rochow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2558","article-title":"Osmolality of fortified donor milk","volume":"48","author":"Pineda","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.04.016","article-title":"Effects of processing on human milk composition","volume":"87","author":"Vieira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2553","article-title":"Displacement of human milk during fortification: an experimental study","volume":"47","author":"Bingham","year":"2023","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0062","article-title":"Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants","volume":"2023","author":"Diller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-024-02088-x","article-title":"Oral sodium supplementation and growth","volume":"44","author":"Petersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.01.029","article-title":"Fortified donor milk and sodium adequacy","volume":"244","author":"Perrin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.70089","article-title":"Fortifiers and donor milk composition","author":"Mansen","year":"2026","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0066","article-title":"Enteral zinc supplementation in preterm neonates","volume":"2021","author":"Staub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.01093.x","article-title":"Diuretics and zinc excretion","volume":"43","author":"Chiba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0068","article-title":"Zinc in preterm infants","volume":"15","author":"Consales","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab222","article-title":"Fatty acid composition of human milk","volume":"114","author":"Hopperton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03208-1","article-title":"Nutrition and ROP prevention","volume":"96","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0071","first-page":"283","article-title":"DHA and ARA supplementation","volume":"27","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0072","first-page":"342","article-title":"High-dose DHA\/ARA trial","volume":"43","author":"Gunnarsdottir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00073-0","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation trial","volume":"12","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.028","article-title":"Vitamin D dosing trial","volume":"174","author":"Fort","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2025.05.014","article-title":"Human milk and microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.011","article-title":"Fortifiers and microbiota","volume":"30","author":"Asbury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0077","article-title":"Gut microbiota development","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0078","article-title":"Milk source vs fortifier type","volume":"3","author":"Kumbhare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0079","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutritional care of preterm infants: scientific basis and practical guidelines","volume":"110","author":"Koletzko","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Rev Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003642","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in preterm infants: ESPGHAN position paper","volume":"76","author":"Embleton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000526000376?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000526000376?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:36:38Z","timestamp":1781138198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0146000526000376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0146000526000376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-0005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-0005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fortifying the future: updates in knowledge and practice principles of human milk fortification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Perinatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semperi.2026.152247","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152247"}}