{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:03:59Z","timestamp":1782443039501,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,3]],"date-time":"2016-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-shaw.net","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Safety and Health at Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,16]],"date-time":"2016-10-16T21:26:59Z","timestamp":1476653219000},"page":"220-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Urinary Trans, Trans -Muconic Acid is Not a Reliable Biomarker for Low-level Environmental and Occupational Benzene Exposures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Jalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Ebrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X9700600103","article-title":"The specificity of trans, trans-muconic acid as a biological indicator for low levels of environmental benzene","volume":"6","author":"Pezzagno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indoor Built Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00197-7","article-title":"Benzene in blood as a biomarker of low level occupational exposure","volume":"235","author":"Brugnone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.09.036","article-title":"Comparison of exposure assessment methods in occupational exposure to benzene in gasoline filling-station attendants","volume":"162","author":"Carrieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(01)00454-6","article-title":"Personal exposure to different levels of benzene and its relationships to the urinary metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans, trans-muconic acid","volume":"778","author":"Melikian","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/35004651","article-title":"Urban benzene and population exposure","volume":"404","author":"Cocheo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398609530894","article-title":"Benzene levels in ambient air and breath of smokers and nonsmokers in urban and pristine environments","volume":"18","author":"Wester","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/10408449991349195","article-title":"Validity of biomarkers in environmental health studies: the case of PAHs and benzene","volume":"29","author":"Dor","year":"1999","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.08.017","article-title":"Biological monitoring of benzene exposure during maintenance work in crude oil cargo tanks","volume":"164","author":"Kirkeleit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.01.013","article-title":"Application of the standard addition approach for the quantification of urinary benzene","volume":"818","author":"Basilicata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib10","first-page":"41","article-title":"Applicability of urinary benzene to biological monitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to very low benzene concentrations","volume":"33","author":"Lovreglio","year":"2011","journal-title":"G\u00a0Ital Med Lav Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi297","article-title":"Using urinary biomarkers to elucidate dose-related patterns of human benzene metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00054-8","article-title":"Urban benzene exposure and oxidative DNA damage: influence of genetic polymorphisms in metabolism genes","volume":"309","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib13","first-page":"519","article-title":"Potential biomarkers of benzene exposure","volume":"51","author":"Medeiros","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390151126388","article-title":"Evaluation of benzene exposure in children living in Campania (Italy) by urinary trans, trans-muconic acid assay","volume":"63","author":"Amodio-Cocchieri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib15","first-page":"587","article-title":"Urine trans, trans-muconic acid determination for monitoring of benzene exposure in mechanics","volume":"31","author":"Suwansaksri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(98)00065-6","article-title":"Analysis and evaluation of trans,trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for benzene exposure","volume":"717","author":"Scherer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800510","article-title":"Evidence that humans metabolize benzene via two pathways","volume":"117","author":"Rappaport","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib18","first-page":"122","article-title":"Urinary t,t-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene","volume":"46","author":"Inoue","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib19","series-title":"Threshold limit values and biological exposure indices for 2010\u20132011","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00185-0","article-title":"Effect of sorbic acid administration on urinary trans, trans-muconic acid excretion in rats exposed to low levels of benzene","volume":"40","author":"Marrubini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib21","first-page":"749","article-title":"Lack of specificity of trans, trans-muconic acid as a benzene biomarker after ingestion of sorbic acid-preserved foods","volume":"9","author":"Weaver","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/152873901316857770","article-title":"Failure of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for indoor environmental benzene exposure at PPB levels","volume":"63","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.9.1788","article-title":"Urinary trans, trans-muconic acid determined by liquid chromatography: application in biological monitoring of benzene exposure","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100050166325","article-title":"Assessing the health risks of benzene: a report on the benzene state-of-the-science workshop","volume":"61","author":"Krewski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100050166442","article-title":"Benzene and lymphohematopoietic malignancies in China","volume":"61","author":"Hayes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100050166343","article-title":"Benzene-induced genotoxicity","volume":"61","author":"Whysner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib27","series-title":"IARC monographs programme on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199905)35:5<511::AID-AJIM8>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Trans, Trans-muconic acid, a biological indicator to low levels of environmental benzene: some aspects of its specificity","volume":"35","author":"Pezzagno","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(97)05481-8","article-title":"Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in the production of benzene and in a cokery","volume":"199","author":"Kivist\u00f6","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib30","first-page":"47","article-title":"Urinary trans, trans-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene in cigarette smokers","volume":"2","author":"Melikian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/00028899908984421","article-title":"Measurement of benzene in the workplace and its evolution process, part I: overview, history, and past methods","volume":"60","author":"Verma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"}],"container-title":["Safety and Health at Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2093791116300531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2093791116300531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T17:57:06Z","timestamp":1601143026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2093791116300531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2093791116300531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2093-7911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2093-7911","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urinary Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid is Not a Reliable Biomarker for Low-level Environmental and Occupational Benzene Exposures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Safety and Health at Work","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.shaw.2016.09.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}