{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:04:29Z","timestamp":1767276269282},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T09:45:34Z","timestamp":1250243134000},"page":"323-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diagnostic management of neonatal stroke"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Govaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Dudink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib1","unstructured":"Govaert P, Ramenghi L, Taal R, de Vries LS, deVeber G. Classification issues in perinatal stroke. I: definitions, differential diagnosis and classification. Acta Paediatr (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib2","unstructured":"Govaert P, Ramenghi L, Taal R, Dudink J, Lequin M. Classification issues in perinatal stroke. II: mechanisms and clinical phenotypes. Acta Paediatr (in\u00a0press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib3","first-page":"677","article-title":"Ischemic cerebral softening in newborn infants. Possible etiology of neonatal convulsive states","volume":"39","author":"Billard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Fr Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80200-5","article-title":"Stroke in neonates","volume":"102","author":"Mannino","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.5.790","article-title":"Focal ischemic cerebral injury in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound and correlation with computed tomographic scan","volume":"71","author":"Hill","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160506","article-title":"Perinatal cerebral infarction","volume":"16","author":"Ment","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib7","first-page":"601","article-title":"Focal motor seizures heralding stroke in full-term neonates","volume":"139","author":"Clancy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170411","article-title":"Seizures and cerebral infarction in the full-term newborn","volume":"17","author":"Levy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389000500315","article-title":"Cerebral infarcts and seizures in the neonate","volume":"5","author":"Aso","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F88","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F88","article-title":"Unilateral neonatal cerebral infarction in full term infants","volume":"76","author":"Estan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050950","article-title":"Outcome of neonatal stroke in full-term infants without significant birth asphyxia","volume":"157","author":"Jan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F59","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.82.1.F59","article-title":"Perinatal cortical infarction within middle cerebral artery trunks","volume":"82","author":"Govaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129909.77753.C4","article-title":"Perinatal stroke in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"62","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1160-4","article-title":"Major brain lesions detected on sonographic screening of apparently normal term neonates","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0125-2","article-title":"Sonographic templates of newborn perforator stroke","volume":"36","author":"Abels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.479311","article-title":"Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the preterm infant","volume":"38","author":"Benders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib17","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cerebral infarction as multifocal clonic seizures in a term neonate","volume":"10","author":"Balcom","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107845","article-title":"Cerebral infarction in the term newborn: clinical presentation and long-term outcome","volume":"137","author":"Sreenan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.924","article-title":"Time lag to diagnosis of stroke in children","volume":"110","author":"Gabis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(87)90079-8","article-title":"Focal cerebral infarction in the newborn: a distinct entity","volume":"3","author":"Filipek","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80344-5","article-title":"Stroke in neonates with cardiac right-to-left shunt","volume":"14","author":"Pellicer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388800300205","article-title":"The evolution of ischemic cerebral infarction in infancy: a sonographic evaluation","volume":"3","author":"Fischer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib23","first-page":"359","article-title":"\u2018Idiopathic\u2019 neonatal cerebral infarction","volume":"138","author":"Mantovani","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(12)80279-8","article-title":"Neonatal cerebral infarction: symptoms, CT findings and prognosis","volume":"14","author":"Fujimoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.80.3.381","article-title":"Idiopathic cerebral arterial infarction with paucity of symptoms in the full-term neonate","volume":"80","author":"Roodhooft","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib26","first-page":"852","article-title":"Cerebral infarction in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"141","author":"Klesh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am\u00a0J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1989.tb17956.x","article-title":"Multiple idiopathic emboli in a full term neonate","volume":"78","author":"Raine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib28","article-title":"Apnoea in relation to\u00a0neonatal temporal lobe haemorrhage","author":"Hoogstraate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Europ J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-39597","article-title":"General movements detect early signs of hemiplegia in term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction","volume":"34","author":"Guzzetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.1.68","article-title":"Spastic hemiparesis and presumed prenatal embolisation","volume":"63","author":"Asindi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.10_Spec_No.1158","article-title":"Imaging of neonatal arterial thrombosis","volume":"66","author":"Gudinchet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib32","first-page":"497","article-title":"Fetal stroke associated with elevated maternal anticardiolipin antibodies","volume":"80","author":"Silver","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994570","article-title":"Idiopathic cerebral infarction and upper limb ischemia in neonates","volume":"11","author":"Guajardo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200009000-00019","article-title":"Left brachial artery thrombus, left axillary vein thrombus, and stroke in a neonate with factor V Leiden mutation","volume":"22","author":"Broxterman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F204","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.079830","article-title":"Pathways of neonatal stroke and subclavian steal syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Beattie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450604","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children","volume":"345","author":"deVeber","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh412","article-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome","volume":"128","author":"Sebire","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(03)00042-0","article-title":"Neonatal thrombosis and its treatment","volume":"18","author":"Greenway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib39","first-page":"S141","article-title":"Clinical and radiographic features of thrombosis propagation in neonatal and childhood cerebral sinovenous thrombosis","volume":"60","author":"Moharir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.39","article-title":"Early prognostic indicators of outcome in infants with neonatal cerebral infarction: a clinical, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"103","author":"Mercuri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388900400303","article-title":"Clinical significance of focal periodic discharges in neonates","volume":"4","author":"Scher","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1995.tb11993.x","article-title":"Neonatal stroke involving the middle cerebral artery in term infants: clinical presentation, EEG and imaging studies, and outcome","volume":"37","author":"Koelfen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F70","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.78.1.F70","article-title":"Neonatal seizures","volume":"78","author":"Evans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib44","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Summary proceedings from the neurology group on neonatal seizures","volume":"117","author":"Clancy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib45","first-page":"305","article-title":"Early diagnostic and prognostic indicators in full term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction: an integrated clinical, neuroradiological and EEG approach","volume":"53","author":"Mercuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(03)00030-3","article-title":"EEG and ischemic stroke in full-term newborns","volume":"33","author":"Selton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744165X09000584?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744165X09000584?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T10:11:48Z","timestamp":1685095908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1744165X09000584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1744165X09000584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-165X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}