{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:12:39Z","timestamp":1793167959233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004752","name":"State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","sfnmjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1700266436000},"page":"101483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The neonatal airway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Toby","family":"Kane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Tingay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Pellicano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Sabato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.02.016","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality after anaesthesia in early life: results of the European prospective multicentre observational study, neonate and children audit of anaesthesia practice in Europe (NECTARINE)","volume":"126","author":"Disma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.02.021","article-title":"Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE): a prospective European multicentre observational study","volume":"126","author":"Disma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14520","article-title":"Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia in the United Kingdom: secondary analysis of the anaesthesia practice in children observational trial (APRICOT study)","volume":"74","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.04.013","article-title":"Airway management in paediatric anaesthesia in Europe-insights from APRICOT (Anaesthesia Practice in Children Observational Trial): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe","volume":"121","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2019.08.008","article-title":"Neonatal airway management","volume":"46","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib6","series-title":"Disorders of the neonatal airway","author":"Lioy Js","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.03.004","article-title":"Airway disorders of the fetus and neonate: an overview","volume":"21","author":"Vijayasekaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25317","article-title":"Pierre Robin and breathing: what to do and when?","volume":"57","author":"Poets","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.035","article-title":"Difficult or impossible facemask ventilation in children with difficult tracheal intubation: a retrospective analysis of the PeDI registry","volume":"131","author":"Garcia-Marcinkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib10","series-title":"Neonatal anaesthesia","first-page":"189","article-title":"Airway management","author":"Garcia-Marcinkiewicz Ags","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13281","article-title":"The anatomy of the pediatric airway: has our knowledge changed in 120 years? A review of historic and recent investigations of the anatomy of the pediatric larynx","volume":"28","author":"Holzki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202007-2997OC","article-title":"Imaging the respiratory transition at birth: unraveling the complexities of the first breaths of life","volume":"204","author":"Tingay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2021.07.017","article-title":"Assessment and management of the predicted difficult airway in babies and children","volume":"22","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib14","series-title":"International practice for airway management in children under one year of age","author":"Disma Na","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib15","first-page":"35","article-title":"Methods of identifying and managing the difficult airway in the pediatric population","volume":"83","author":"Belanger","year":"2015","journal-title":"AANA J (Am Assoc Nurse Anesth)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.1996.tb00447.x","article-title":"Difficult intubation in paediatrics","volume":"6","author":"Frei","year":"1996","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F461","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316336","article-title":"Incidence, impact and indicators of difficult intubations in the neonatal intensive care unit: a report from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates","volume":"104","author":"Sawyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08932.x","article-title":"Difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics","volume":"39","author":"Cormack","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00508-1","article-title":"Airway management complications in children with difficult tracheal intubation from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation (PeDI) registry: a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"4","author":"Fiadjoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2015.8.27467","article-title":"The physiologically difficult airway","volume":"16","author":"Mosier","year":"2015","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001102","article-title":"The physiologically difficult airway: an emerging concept","volume":"35","author":"Myatra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.09.023","article-title":"Stress and decision-making in resuscitation: a systematic review","volume":"144","author":"Groombridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693698","article-title":"Team stress and adverse events during neonatal tracheal intubations: a report from NEAR4NEOS","volume":"37","author":"Umoren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0104OC","article-title":"Inflating pressure and not expiratory pressure initiates lung injury at birth in preterm lambs","volume":"208","author":"Tingay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1397OC","article-title":"Gradual aeration at birth is more lung protective than a sustained inflation in preterm lambs","volume":"200","author":"Tingay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01484-5","article-title":"Impact of multiple intubation attempts on adverse tracheal intubation associated events in neonates: a report from the NEAR4NEOS","volume":"42","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14302","article-title":"Human factors enablers and barriers for successful airway management - an in-depth interview study","volume":"73","author":"Schnittker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/859104","article-title":"Neonatal stridor","volume":"2012","author":"Daniel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"issue":"142","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.28.142.423","article-title":"The infant with stridor; a follow-up survey of 80 cases","volume":"28","author":"Apley","year":"1953","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289103000402","article-title":"Evaluation and management of stridor in the newborn","volume":"30","author":"Simon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib31","series-title":"Fifteen-minute consultation: approach to the infant with stridor and suspected laryngomalacia. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110281","article-title":"International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG): consensus recommendations on the prenatal and perinatal management of anticipated airway obstruction","volume":"138","author":"Puricelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib33","first-page":"89","article-title":"Neonatal stridor. Five-Year experience at king edward VIII hospital, durban","volume":"28","author":"Maharaj","year":"1990","journal-title":"S Afr J Surg"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948008900502","article-title":"Etiology of stridor in the neonate, infant and child","volume":"89","author":"Holinger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.007","article-title":"Spontaneous recovery of bilateral congenital idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: systematic non-meta-analytical review","volume":"79","author":"Jomah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0796","article-title":"Best practices for the diagnosis and evaluation of infants with Robin sequence: a clinical consensus report","volume":"170","author":"Breugem","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.04.007","article-title":"International Pediatric ORL Group (IPOG) laryngomalacia consensus recommendations","volume":"86","author":"Carter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109855","article-title":"International pediatric ORL group (IPOG) Robin sequence consensus recommendations","volume":"130","author":"Fayoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01959-2","article-title":"Retrospective study on growth in infants with isolated Robin sequence treated with the Tuebingen Palate Plate","volume":"16","author":"Wiechers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.83.5.435","article-title":"Late presentation of upper airway obstruction in Pierre Robin sequence","volume":"83","author":"Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.066902","article-title":"Paediatric stridor","volume":"91","author":"Majumdar Sb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949810700114","article-title":"Neonatal upper airway assessment by awake flexible laryngoscopy","volume":"107","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(92)90442-A","article-title":"Bronchoscopy during the first month of life","volume":"27","author":"Lindahl","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00113202","article-title":"Flexible endoscopy of paediatric airways","volume":"22","author":"Midulla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02179670","article-title":"Review--neonatal bronchoscopy","volume":"153","author":"Bush","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002734","article-title":"Assessment of vocal cord motion using laryngeal ultrasound in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600304","article-title":"Role of ultrasound in the assessment of vocal cord function in infants and children","volume":"106","author":"Friedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12625","article-title":"Difficult airway consultation service for children: steps to implement and preliminary results","volume":"25","author":"Nykiel-Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13128","article-title":"Implementation of NAP4 emergency airway management recommendations in a quaternary-level pediatric hospital","volume":"27","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib50","unstructured":"Anaesthetists AaNZCo. Professional Document PG56(A)BP Guideline on equipment to manage difficult airways Background Paper 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13275","article-title":"A quality improvement initiative to increase the safety of pediatric emergency airway management","volume":"27","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744165X23000598?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744165X23000598?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:28:27Z","timestamp":1778624907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1744165X23000598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1744165X23000598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-165X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The neonatal airway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2023.101483","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101483"}}