{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:57:32Z","timestamp":1772467052304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T07:58:32Z","timestamp":1613894312000},"page":"3031-3036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["In vitro examination of anti-parasitic, anti-Alzheimer, insecticidal and cytotoxic potential of Ajuga bracteosa Wallich leaves extracts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasnain","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5474-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Ali Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Naeem Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Taj Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suliman","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73793","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA13206A","article-title":"Silver and gold nanoparticles from Sargentodoxa cuneata: synthesis, characterization and antileishmanial activity","volume":"5","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11240-010-9712-x","article-title":"Efficient regeneration and antioxidant potential in regenerated tissues of Piper nigrum L. Plant Cell","volume":"102","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Organ Culture (PCTOC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0015","first-page":"967","article-title":"Significance of flora with special reference to Pakistan","volume":"40","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1218893","article-title":"Functional components, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and antioxidant activities of Salvia syriaca L","volume":"20","author":"Bahadori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.710.200","article-title":"Anticancer Efficacy of Some Plant Phenolics-A Recent Scenario","volume":"7","author":"Chander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-12","article-title":"Assessment of phytochemical content, polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Leguminosae medicinal plants in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"11","author":"Chew","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.812","article-title":"Isolation and identification of neo-clerodane diterpenes from Ajuga remota by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"16","author":"Coll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal.: An Int. J. Plant Chem. Biochem. Techniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.08.004","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines and toxicity test on Mediterranean dietary plants","volume":"46","author":"Conforti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v13i3.3","article-title":"In vitro anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of some papaver alkaloids on cancer and normal cell lines","volume":"13","author":"Demirgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0050","article-title":"Edible mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) as biosource for silver nanoparticles: from synthesis to diverse biomedical and environmental applications","author":"Faisal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.11.003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex Benth. mediated through cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition","volume":"133","author":"Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-018-00673-0","article-title":"Phylogenetic affiliation and antimicrobial effects of endophytic actinobacteria associated with medicinal plants: prevalence of polyketide synthase type II in antimicrobial strains","volume":"64","author":"Gohain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.33320\/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.002","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) model","volume":"60","author":"Hamidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maced Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<151::AID-PTR391>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Antimicrobial triterpenes from Ilex integra and the mechanism of antifungal action","volume":"13","author":"Haraguchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytother. Res.: An Int. J. Devoted to Pharmacol. Toxicol. Eval. Natural Product Derivat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0075","first-page":"787","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of some elite plants belonging to Dir, Kohistan valley, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"43","author":"Hazrat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.02.031","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga bracteosa in vivo and in vitro study and their effects on mouse model of liver fibrosis","volume":"135","author":"Hsieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.031","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Jordan, Mujib Nature Reserve and surrounding area","volume":"120","author":"Hudaib","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0090","first-page":"329","article-title":"Ethnobotanical studies on plant resources of Ranyal hills, District Shangla, Pakistan Pakistan","volume":"39","author":"Ibrar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0100","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology of the plants of genus Ajuga Pakistan","volume":"22","author":"Israili","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19219","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA01971B","article-title":"The Aquilegia pubiflora (Himalayan columbine) mediated synthesis of nanoceria for diverse biomedical applications","volume":"10","author":"Jan","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"249","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0110","article-title":"Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anti-parasitic Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles using Aqueous Extracts of the Himalayan Columbine (Aquilegia pubiflora)","volume":"7","author":"Jan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9357","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.16.9357","article-title":"Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis","volume":"273","author":"J\u00e4nicke","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0120","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of four medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","volume":"5","author":"Jbilou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.06.002","article-title":"Nano-based antileishmanial agents: a toxicological study on nanoparticles for future treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"27","author":"Jebali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3329\/jbs.v14i0.453","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of Annona squamosa L. seed extracts against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","volume":"14","author":"Khalequzzaman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bio-Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/24701556.2019.1569686","article-title":"In vitro cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory potential and in silico molecular docking studies of biogenic metal oxides nanoparticles","volume":"48","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorgan. Nano-Metal Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-017-0569-y","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of plant-derived extracts against different economically important pest insects","volume":"45","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytoparasitica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2010.11.014","article-title":"Botanical pesticide, azadirachtin attenuates blood electrolytes of a freshwater catfish","volume":"99","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heteropneustes fossilis Pesticide Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061474","article-title":"Vasodilator activity of compounds isolated from plants used in Mexican traditional medicine","volume":"23","author":"Luna-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.01.012","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of traditionally used Surinamese medicinal plants for their potential anti-leishmanial efficacy","volume":"180","author":"Mans","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236","article-title":"Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents","volume":"45","author":"Meyer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.65077","article-title":"Ethnopharmacology and integrative medicine\u2013Let the history tell the future","volume":"1","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0170","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Indigenous knowledge and folk use of medicinal plants by the tribal communities of Hazar Nao Forest, Malakand District, North Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Murad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0175","first-page":"748","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of flower of Tagetes erecta L. against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)","volume":"5","author":"Nikkon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0180","first-page":"423","article-title":"In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves","volume":"12","author":"Nikmehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2016.701.710","article-title":"Research article toxicity assessment of different solvent extracts of the medicinal plant, phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle on Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina)","volume":"12","author":"Ohikhena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0190","first-page":"239","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of essential oils from selected Umbelliferae and Labiatae plants and individual essential oil components","volume":"36","author":"Orhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0195","first-page":"12","article-title":"A study on Ajuga bracteosa wall ex. Benth for analgesic activity","volume":"1","author":"Pal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cur. Bio Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozdnyakov, D.I., Pozdnyakova, A.E., Adzhiahmetova, S.L., Chervonnaya, N.M., Zolotych, D.S., Lyakhova, N.S., Miroshnichenko, K.A., 2019. Antihypoxic and anti-ischemic properties of the North Caucasus flora plant extracts. Bol latinoam Caribe plantas med arom\u00e1t:504-517.","DOI":"10.35588\/blacpma.19.18.5.33"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0205","first-page":"95","article-title":"Investigation of Sapindus mukorossi extracts for repellency, insecticidal activity and plant growth regulatory effect","volume":"3","author":"Rahman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.5897\/SRE10.1114","article-title":"Ethnoecological evaluation of some medicinal and aromatic plants of Kot Malakand Agency, Pakistan","volume":"6","author":"Sher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scient. Res. Essays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00051-5","article-title":"Medicinal plant diversity and use in the highlands of Dolakha district","volume":"86","author":"Shrestha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nepal. J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0220","article-title":"Withanolides: Phytoconstituents with significant pharmacological activities","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Green Pharmacy (IJGP)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0225","first-page":"159","article-title":"Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtyllus L.)","author":"Smeriglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Elsevier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0230","first-page":"2043","article-title":"Importance and implementation of essential oil of Pakistanian Acorus calamus Linn., as a biopesticide","volume":"42","author":"Tariq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0235","first-page":"49","article-title":"Gupta Priyanka. HPLC Analysis of methanolic extract of some medicinal plant leaves of Myrtaceae family","volume":"2","author":"Tripathi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Pharmaceut. Sciencia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1420-2","article-title":"Nootropic and anti-Alzheimer\u2019s actions of medicinal plants: molecular insight into therapeutic potential to alleviate Alzheimer\u2019s neuropathology","volume":"56","author":"Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092201","article-title":"Interactive Effects of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Phytochemical Production, Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Solanum xanthocarpum Callus Cultures","volume":"25","author":"Usman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0250","first-page":"37","article-title":"Chemical investigation of medicinal plant Ajuga bracteosa","volume":"1","author":"Vohra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weller, J., Budson, A., 2018. Current understanding of Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis and treatment. F1000Research 7.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14506.1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2016.02.002","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319562X21001170?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319562X21001170?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:12:41Z","timestamp":1761153161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1319562X21001170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1319562X21001170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-562X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-562X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In vitro examination of anti-parasitic, anti-Alzheimer, insecticidal and cytotoxic potential of Ajuga bracteosa Wallich leaves extracts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}