{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:36:37Z","timestamp":1792514197180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T21:08:40Z","timestamp":1677532120000},"page":"103604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bandar","family":"Ali Alghamdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Intisar","family":"Al-Johani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawhra M.","family":"Al-Shamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Musamed Alshamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bandar G.","family":"Al-Otaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kholod","family":"Almazmomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik","family":"Yusnoraini Yusof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0005","first-page":"677","article-title":"An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. 1940","volume":"10","author":"Abraham","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0147","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: a review of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and perspectives of human and animal health","volume":"24","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.030","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among veterinary students and personnel at a veterinary hospital in Malaysia","volume":"164","author":"Aklilu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0020","first-page":"e00054","article-title":"Transmission and microevolution of USA300 MRSA in US households: evidence from whole-genome sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-853-9_23","article-title":"What antimicrobial resistance has taught us about horizontal gene transfer","author":"Barlow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Horizontal Gene Transfer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7462","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03422-14","article-title":"Heterogeneity of mprF sequences in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: role in cross-resistance between daptomycin and host defense antimicrobial peptides","volume":"58","author":"Bayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00970-15","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within mprF in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and their role in cross-resistance to daptomycin and host defense antimicrobial peptides","volume":"59","author":"Bayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06819.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of daptomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: role of the cell membrane and cell wall","volume":"1277","author":"Bayer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-002-0436-0","article-title":"Factors influencing methicillin resistance in staphylococci","volume":"178","author":"Berger-B\u00e4chi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67398","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067398","article-title":"Increased cell wall teichoic acid production and D-alanylation are common phenotypes among daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates","volume":"8","author":"Bertsche","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.09.018","article-title":"Stability of linezolid activity in an era of mobile oxazolidinone resistance determinants: results from the 2009 Zyvox\u00ae Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum program","volume":"68","author":"Biedenbach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagnostic microbiology infectious disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0994-6","article-title":"In vitro transfer of methicillin resistance determinants mecA from methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)","volume":"17","author":"Bitrus","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1086\/520655","article-title":"Perspectives on daptomycin resistance, with emphasis on resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"45","author":"Boucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01633-08","article-title":"Influence of recombination on development of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2","volume":"53","author":"Boumghar-Bourtcha\u00ef","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9509556","article-title":"Synthesis and antibacterial activity of U-100592 and U-100766, two oxazolidinone antibacterial agents for the potential treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections","volume":"39","author":"Brickner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p. dlaa114","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa114","article-title":"Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): updated guidelines from the UK","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC-antimicrobial resistance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30823","article-title":"Vancomycin susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is mediated by YycHI activation of the WalRK essential two-component regulatory system","volume":"6","author":"Cameron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa221","article-title":"Detection of heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate resistance in MRSA isolates from Latin America","volume":"75","author":"Castro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0095","article-title":"Multiomics characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) in Latin America","author":"Castro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.781","article-title":"Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications","volume":"10","author":"Chambers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S241","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy644","article-title":"Using core-genome multilocus sequence typing to monitor the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a teaching hospital","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.3.1001-1012.2006","article-title":"Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 11 Asian countries: a proposal for a new nomenclature for SCC mec elements","volume":"50","author":"Chongtrakool","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0115","unstructured":"Control, C.F.D. and Prevention, 2019. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. 2019: US Department of Health and Human Services and Centres for Disease Control."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1039\/C9MD00044E","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): antibiotic-resistance and the biofilm phenotype","volume":"10","author":"Craft","year":"2019","journal-title":"MedChemComm"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.02.031","article-title":"Prevalence of the immune evasion gene cluster in Staphylococcus aureus CC398","volume":"177","author":"Cuny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092760","article-title":"Replacement of HA-MRSA by CA-MRSA infections at an academic medical center in the midwestern United States, 2004\u20135 to 2008","volume":"9","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1086\/587907","article-title":"The arginine catabolic mobile element and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec linkage: convergence of virulence and resistance in the USA300 clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"197","author":"Diep","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_217_18","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: progress in the decade since emergence of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase in India","volume":"44","author":"Dixit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive Social Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01308-10","article-title":"Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after prolonged treatment of cystic fibrosis patients in Cleveland, Ohio","volume":"55","author":"Endimiani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122108599","article-title":"The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"99","author":"Enright","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000660","article-title":"The bacterial defensin resistance protein MprF consists of separable domains for lipid lysinylation and antimicrobial peptide repulsion","volume":"5","author":"Ernst","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0160","first-page":"e02340","article-title":"The lipid-modifying multiple peptide resistance factor is an oligomer consisting of distinct interacting synthase and flippase subunits","volume":"6","author":"Ernst","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0165","first-page":"e02461","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spreading of cfr-Carrying Plasmids among Staphylococci from Humans and Animals."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.03.029","article-title":"High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying the mecC gene in a semi-extensive red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) farm in Southern Spain","volume":"177","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv314","article-title":"Detection of MRSA ST3061-t843-mecC and ST398-t011-mecA in white stork nestlings exposed to human residues","volume":"71","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.655994","article-title":"Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus of the lineage CC130, including mecC-carrying MRSA and MSSA isolates recovered of animal, human, and environmental origins","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks354","article-title":"The emerging problem of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus","volume":"68","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2005.00009.x","article-title":"SCC mec in staphylococci: genes on the move","volume":"46","author":"Hanssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07662-2","article-title":"Genomic surveillance reveals low prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the East of England","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11020321","article-title":"Emerging nanomedicine therapies to counter the rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"11","author":"Hibbitts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-13","article-title":"A current perspective on daptomycin for the clinical microbiologist","volume":"26","author":"Humphries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.10.008","article-title":"Antibiotics: past, present and future","volume":"51","author":"Hutchings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155512","article-title":"Rapid acquisition of linezolid resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: role of hypermutation and homologous recombination","volume":"11","author":"Iguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-7646(03)00003-7","article-title":"Insights on antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from its whole genome: genomic island SCC","volume":"6","author":"Ito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000058","article-title":"Pan-genomic perspective on the evolution of the Staphylococcus aureus USA300 epidemic","volume":"2","author":"Jamrozy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.024083-0","article-title":"Bacterial hypermutation: clinical implications","volume":"60","author":"Jolivet-Gougeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00719-07","article-title":"Failures in clinical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection with daptomycin are associated with alterations in surface charge, membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and drug binding","volume":"52","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_349_15","article-title":"Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians","volume":"33","author":"Kapoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anaesthesiol. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01050-10","article-title":"Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of plasmids in strains of Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 reveals a high level of identity among isolates with closely related core genome sequences","volume":"48","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00005","article-title":"Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections","volume":"144","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0694-9_10","article-title":"The mechanisms of resistance to b-lactam antibiotics","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handbook of antimicrobial resistance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0131rmusao\u011flu, S. and Enany, S. (Eds.), 2017. MRSA and MSSA: The mechanism of methicillin resistance and the influence of methicillin resistance on biofilm phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, 2017: p. 25-41.","DOI":"10.5772\/65452"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0131rmusao\u011flu, S., Gareayaghi, N. and Kocazeybek, B.S. 2019. Introductory chapter: the action mechanisms of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. In: Antimicrobials, antibiotic resistance, antibiofilm strategies and activity methods. 2019, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.85211"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0270","first-page":"5883","article-title":"Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2211.160587","article-title":"Increased community-associated infections caused by panton-valentine leukocidin\u2013negative MRSA, Shanghai, 2005\u20132014","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00332","article-title":"The changing pattern of population structure of Staphylococcus aureus from bacteremia in China from 2013 to 2016: ST239-030-MRSA replaced by ST59-t437","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.2.289","article-title":"Multicentre evaluation of the VITEK 2 Advanced Expert System for interpretive reading of antimicrobial resistance tests","volume":"49","author":"Livermore","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3318-3320.2003","article-title":"Recombination proficiency influences frequency and locus of mutational resistance to linezolid in Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"47","author":"Lobritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5265","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00871-09","article-title":"Novel ribosomal mutations in Staphylococcus aureus strains identified through selection with the oxazolidinones linezolid and torezolid (TR-700)","volume":"53","author":"Locke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101615","article-title":"Human mecC-carrying MRSA: Clinical implications and risk factors","volume":"8","author":"Lozano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2020.08.003","article-title":"A review of artificial intelligence applications for antimicrobial resistance","volume":"3","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosafety Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04045-w","article-title":"Prevalence and mechanisms of linezolid resistance among staphylococcal clinical isolates from Egypt","volume":"40","author":"Maarouf","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1086\/421471","article-title":"Linezolid resistance in sequential Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with a T2500A mutation in the 23S rRNA gene and loss of a single copy of rRNA","volume":"190","author":"Meka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071151","article-title":"Emergence of daptomycin resistance in daptomycin-naive rabbits with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection is associated with resistance to host defense cationic peptides and mprF polymorphisms","volume":"8","author":"Mishra","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107426","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains: relative roles of mprF and dlt operons","volume":"9","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12253","article-title":"Roles of two large serine recombinases in mobilizing the methicillin-resistance cassette SCCmec","volume":"88","author":"Misiura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168433","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168433","article-title":"Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in European wildlife","volume":"11","author":"Monecke","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000698","article-title":"Cotrimoxazole and clindamycin in skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"34","author":"Montravers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"10325","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050606","article-title":"Recent Developments in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Treatment: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Nandhini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/1570164618666210212122847","article-title":"The epidemiological and pangenome landscape of Staphylococcus aureus and identification of conserved novel candidate vaccine antigens","volume":"19","author":"Naz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Proteomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2017.62","article-title":"A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis","volume":"71","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2003.00459.x","article-title":"Impact of antibiotics on conjugational resistance gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus in sewage","volume":"5","author":"Ohlsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70636-3","article-title":"Nosocomial transmission of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat","volume":"6","author":"Otter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.1.1.10453","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus toxin gene hitchhikes on a transferable antibiotic resistance element","volume":"1","author":"Otto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134309","article-title":"Basis of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"64","author":"Otto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0385","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Beta lactam antibiotics","author":"Pandey","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00088","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements associated with antimicrobial resistance","volume":"31","author":"Partridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.11.003","article-title":"The emergence of mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"22","author":"Paterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060614-034516","article-title":"Mechanisms of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"84","author":"Peacock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00583","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00583-22","article-title":"A Structurally Characterized Staphylococcus aureus Evolutionary Escape Route from Treatment with the Antibiotic Linezolid","volume":"10","author":"Perlaza-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology spectrum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00202-07","article-title":"Daptomycin nonsusceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility is independent of alterations in MprF","volume":"51","author":"Pillai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2009_2491","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus as an infectious agent: overview of biochemistry and molecular genetics of its pathogenicity","volume":"56","author":"Plata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002626","article-title":"Methicillin resistance alters the biofilm phenotype and attenuates virulence in Staphylococcus aureus device-associated infections","volume":"8","author":"Pozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2022.104714","article-title":"Bioinformatics study of expression from genomes of epidemiologically related MRSA CC398 isolates from human and wild animal samples","volume":"268","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm170","article-title":"Evaluation of daptomycin treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial endocarditis: an in vitro and in vivo simulation using historical and current dosing strategies","volume":"60","author":"Rose","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01328-4","article-title":"Detection of MRSA of Lineages CC130-mecC and CC398-mecA and Staphylococcus delphini-lnu (A) in Magpies and Cinereous Vultures in Spain","volume":"78","author":"Ruiz-Ripa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0440","first-page":"658","article-title":"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Resistance genes and their regulation","volume":"4","author":"Sangappa","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.11.1145","article-title":"Daptomycin: a novel cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial","volume":"62","author":"Schriever","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0450","series-title":"StatPearls [internet]","article-title":"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3819","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of vancomycin resistance","volume":"29","author":"Stogios","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0460","article-title":"Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery, and Development","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.4.523","article-title":"Development of daptomycin for gram-positive infections","volume":"46","author":"Tally","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506758102","article-title":"Genome analysis of multiple pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: implications for the microbial \u201cpan-genome\u201d","volume":"102","author":"Tettelin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.11.012","article-title":"Functional modularity of the arginine catabolic mobile element contributes to the success of USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"13","author":"Thurlow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell host microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05744.x","article-title":"Acquisition of a natural resistance gene renders a clinical strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the synthetic antibiotic linezolid","volume":"64","author":"Toh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401006111","article-title":"Molecular tracing of the emergence, diversification, and transmission of S. aureus sequence type 8 in a New York community","volume":"111","author":"Uhlemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.4.1310-1315.2006","article-title":"The innate immune modulators staphylococcal complement inhibitor and chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus are located on \u03b2-hemolysin-converting bacteriophages","volume":"188","author":"van Wamel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p. 7.2. 18","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0057-2018","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and the MRSA problem","volume":"7","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiology spectrum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01520-09","article-title":"Roles of CcrA and CcrB in excision and integration of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, a Staphylococcus aureus genomic island","volume":"192","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8033","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8033-8038.2005","article-title":"DltABCD-and MprF-mediated cell envelope modifications of Staphylococcus aureus confer resistance to platelet microbicidal proteins and contribute to virulence in a rabbit endocarditis model","volume":"73","author":"Weidenmaier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg104","article-title":"Linezolid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"51","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00122-10","article-title":"Cell wall thickening is not a universal accompaniment of the daptomycin nonsusceptibility phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for multiple resistance mechanisms","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5658","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01184-13","article-title":"Causal role of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the mprF gene of Staphylococcus aureus in daptomycin resistance","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents chemotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2020.40.1.57","article-title":"Linezolid resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea: High rate of false resistance to linezolid by the VITEK 2 system","volume":"40","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809671-0.00010-3","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus lineages in the animal\u2013human interface","author":"Zarazaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Staphylococcus aureus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000610","article-title":"A random forest model based on core genome allelic profiles of MRSA for penicillin plus potassium clavulanate susceptibility prediction","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319562X23000499?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319562X23000499?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:27:41Z","timestamp":1761154061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1319562X23000499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1319562X23000499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-562X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-562X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103604"}}